Day one presentation of the Building Internet of things with Arduino training held at the University of Dodoma Tanzania.

1. BUILDING INTERNET OF THINGSNWITH THE ARDUINO
AND ATMEL AVR MICROCONTROLLER
Anthony Faustine Sambaiga (AL, UDOM)
Bsc. ECS (UDSM), Msc. TE (UDOM)
Research Interest: WSAN, M2M, Smart grid Communications and ICT4D. 1

2. Training Introduction
 The evolution of communication technologies bring
Internet connection to devices at lower cost, less power
consumption and smaller sizes.
• As the results devices are able to be parts of the so
called Internet of Things (IoT).
 Arduino: flexible micro-controller and development
environment.
• Used to control devices, and to read data from all kinds
of sensors.
Arduino is the best way to be introduced to the IoT
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3. Aim
• Introduction to IoT and Cloud Computing.
• Introduction to the world of Arduino.
• See how to develop IoT application using Atmel AVR
microcontroller with Arduino boot loader.
• See how to connect Arduino to the Cloud.
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4. Coverage
• Introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT)
• Arduino Microcontroller Platform
• Arduino Development Environment
• Digital & Analog Inputs / Output
• Reading Data From Sensors
• Introduction to Atmel Atmega328
• Connecting Arduino to the Internet
• Cloud Computing and IoT
• Where to buy equipment
• Taking your prototype to commercial Product
• Project works
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5. Internet of Things
 Imagine having small device connected that can sense
temperature, smoke, humidity, and light condition of your
room and report them to a web services:
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6. Internet of Things
 The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects:
• A global network of smart devices that can sense and
interact with their environment using internet for their
communication and interaction.
• A network of Physical Objects that can interact with each
other to share information and take Action.
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7. Internet of Things Concept
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8. IoT Device
 Requirements common to all of IoT Device include
• Sensing and data collection capability (sensing nodes)
• Layers of local embedded processing capability (local
embedded processing nodes)
• Wired and/or wireless communication capability
(connectivity nodes)
• Software to automate tasks and enable new classes of
services
• Remote network/cloud-based embedded processing
capability (remote embedded processing nodes)
• Full security across the signal path
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9. Functional View of IoT Technologies
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10. Feature of IoT device
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11. Interaction with The Internet
 The ability to communicate directly or indirectly with the
internet make IoT device different from other devices.
• Why need to communicate with internet??
Sensors generate lot of data that need to be
managed.
Embedded memory is limited
Internet provide web application for data storage
which can be accessed anywhere or anytime.
Provide data exchanges between other applications.
• The IoT is an interaction between the internet, things…
and data
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12. Interaction with The Internet
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13. Building Blocks of the IoT
• Control Units
• Sensors
• Communication Modules
• Power sources
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14. Control Units
 IoT device utilize microcontroller as the main control unit
• A microcontroller: Is a small computer in a single
integrated circuit.
It contain a processor core, a memory, and
programmable I/O peripheral.
• MCU
The ‘brain’ controls everything
Reads input from sensors
Drives outputs
LED, Switch, Motor,…
Communicates!
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15. Sensors
 Device that can sense the physical quantities and convert
into signal which can be interpreted by the MCU.
• Fall into two types
 Analog and Digital Sensor
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16. Communication Modules
 Provide connectivity to the IoT devices and the Internet
 Communication between IoT and the Internet can be
performed in two ways.
• There is an interned enabled intermediate node called
gateway
• The IoT device has direct connection to the Internet
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17. Communication Modules
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18. Power Sources
 This can power
• Battery
• Energy harvesting
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19. IoT Examples
http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
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20. Arduino Microcontroller
Platform
 Microcontroller:
• A small computer in a single integrated circuit
• Consist of processor core, memory and programmable
I/O peripherals.
• Very common component in modern electronics systems
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21. Arduino Microcontroller
Platform
 The main components of MCU
• CPU
Main processing unit
• Memory
Include the program that is being executed and is
also available for storing.
• I/O peripheral
Pins that collect and generate digital signals to other
circuit
• Serial line (TX/RX)
Allow serial data to be transmitted to or from the MCU
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22. Arduino Microcontroller
Platform
 Most MCU also includes
• A/D converters
To allow MCU receive analog data for processing
• Timers
To allow MCU to perform task for certain time period.
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23. Arduino Microcontroller
Platform
 PIC
• This is the classic micro from Microchip.
• Very simple, very proven,
• It lacks many of the features that other mfg’s are building
into their chips.
 AVR
• This is basically a direct competitor of PICs.
• They do everything a PIC does,
• It is better, faster, cheaper, and simpler.
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24. Arduino Microcontroller
Platform
 MSP
• These are very good micros by Texas Instruments (TI),
• Excel at low-power applications.
 ARM
• Very powerful, very low-cost
• It is complex
 8051
• Developed by Intel in the 1980s,
• seems to be the instruction set they love to teach you in
college.
• Very old tech
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25. Programming MCU
 The main function of the MCU is to control things through
I/O interfaces.
• To instruct MCU what and how to control you need to
program it.
• MCU was ordinary programmed only in assembly
languages.
• But nowadays MCU can be programmed in high-level
programming language like C.
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26. Programming MCU
 To programme MCU you need a particular hardware
knows MCU programmer.
• Challenge of using programmer
The need for special hardware that is somehow
costly
It is difficult to program
• These challenges can be addressed by a Bootloader
 Bootloader: A small program that has been loaded onto
the MCU.
• This program is programmed just once in the program memory of
the MCU using programmer.
• After this the MCU can be programmed without a programmer
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27. Arduino Platform
 What is Arduino?
• An open-source physical computing platform based on
A simple microcontroller board and
A development environment for writing software for
the board.
• Used to develop stand-alone interactive objects
• It can be connected to a computer to retrieve or send
data to the Arduino.
The board can be assembled by hand or purchased
preassembled.
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28. Arduino Platform
 Arduino platform offer main three things which made
programming of the MCU easy.
• An open source Bootloader
• Open Schematic boards
• A development environment
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29. Arduino Platform
 Why Arduino used mostly
• It is inexpensive
• cross-platform (the Arduino software runs on Windows,
Mac OS X, and Linux), and
• easy to program.
• Both Arduino hardware and software are open source
and extensible.
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30. Arduino Hardware
 Uses Atmel Microcontroller (AVR Atmega8 and
Atmega168 microcontroller chip)
• designed to be used with C language
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31. Arduino Board
 Arduino exist in several different board variants.
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32. Arduino Hardware
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33. Arduino Hardware

34. Prototyping Circuits
 Solderless Breadboard: The most useful tools in an
engineer or
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35. Prototyping Circuits
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36. Anatomy of a Breadboard
oDip support
oTerminal strips
oPower rails

37. Anatomy of a Breadboard
Terminal strips
• Conductive metal rows that allow current to flow from
any point in that strip.
• Each side of a given row is disconnected from the other

38. Anatomy of a Breadboard
Power Rails
• Metal strips that are identical to the ones that run
horizontally, except they are, typically*, all connected
• labeled with a ‘+’ and a ‘-
• Power rails on either side are not connected

39. Anatomy of a Breadboard
DIP Support
• This is the ravine that isolates the two sides of a
breadboard
• Useful for connecting integrated circuits (ICs)

40. Hello World for a Circuit
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41. Arduino IDE
 A graphical cross platform application written in Java.
• Derived from the IDE for the processing programming
language and the wiring project.
• Very simple to use
• Run in Windows, Mac and Linux
 It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs
and communicate with them.

42. Arduino IDE
 Installation

43. Arduino IDE

44. Arduino IDE
 To use Arduino IDE
• Write your sketch
• Press Verify button (to check for errors)
• Press Upload button to program Arduino board with
your sketch

45. Writing Arduino program
 Software written using Arduino are called sketches.
• Language is standard C (but made easy) with lots of
useful functions.
• These sketches are written in the text editor (IDE) and
saved with the file extension .ino
 A typical sketch consists of two parts or routines:
The initialization function called setup and
The loop function
setup() – run once at beginning, set pins
loop() – run repeatedly, after setup()

46. Sketch structure
o The setup function:
• Identified in the sketch as
• It is the main initiation function
• It run once
Example

47. Sketch structure
 The loop function:
• Identified in the sketch as
• It is automatically executed.
• Anything contained in this function will executed
repeatedly.
Example

48. Writing Arduino program

49. “hello world” of Arduino
Activity 2: Setup the Circuit as Shown Below, Open Arduino IDE
and Write the sketch below. Observe what happens

50. “hello world” of Arduino
 Open Arduino IDE and write the following code
 Connect the Arduino board to the IDE

51. “hello world” of Arduino
Connect the Arduino board to the IDE by selecting the
appropriate serial port.

52. “hello world” of Arduino
Next, double-check that the proper board is selected under
the Tools => Board menu.

53. “hello world” of Arduino
Upload your code and observe what will happen
• Now open your code and Add
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
• Upload your code and observe what happen

54. “hello world” of Arduino
Upload your code and observe what will happen
• Now open your code and Add
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
• Upload your code and observe what happen

55. Lab Session
 Try adding other LEDs
• Can you brink two, three or four LED (Each LED will
need its own Resistor)
• Generate your own LED flashing
• You may try
Police light
Disco light
Traffic light
etcc

56. sambaiga@gmail.com
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