This presentation by Ema Batey was delivered at the 'Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation areas and maximising rural development' workshop, held in Maputo between 19-22 March 2012 (Day 3, Session 7, Training and capacity building for concessions)

1. The PROSERV Group
Training & Capacity Building in
Concessions
What Communities and Civil Society Need to Know
Ema Batey March 2012
The Context The Context
RESPONSIBILITIES CONFERRED TO COMMUNITIES
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMUNITIES IN CONCESSION AREAS
MANAGEMENT OF EMBRACE / PERSUE EMBRACE FORMAL
COMMUNITY INCOME ALTERNATIVE INCOME WORKING CONDITIONS
PARTICIPATIVE VALUE CHAIN DIRECT EMPLOYMENT
EFFECTIVE PARTNERING OPTIONS, UNDERTAKE & ALTERNATIVE
OWNERSHIP OF LINKAGES OPPORTUNITIES IN TOURISM VENTURE ENTREPENURIAL RISKS, LIVELIHOODS,
TOURISM (SERVICES, SUPPLIES (THROUGH THE LAND & RESOURCE INVEST IN START UP CULTURES, SKILLS &
DEVELOPMENTS & PRODUCTS) VARIOUS PHASES) MANAGEMENT RESOURCES LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES
COMMON CONSTRAINTS IN REALIZING THESE OPPORTUNITIES POTENTIAL AREAS OF CONFLICT
INABILITY TO PENETRATE
Limited understanding of Limited awareness of MANAGEMENT TOURIST MARKET, MEET CONTRACTING ISSUES,
tourism industry, Limited formal CONFLICTS, ALLOCATION DEMAND, SUPPLY QUALITY / LOW SALARIES, LIMITED
tourism demand for
demand & dynamics, education, skills /USE OF COMMUNITY CONSISTANCY / VALUE = SCOPE FOR
products & services,
business & financial training & FUNDS, CULTURAL LIMITED INCOME TO ADVANCEMENT,
management, roles & business development CONFLICTS / UNMET COMMUNITY ENTREPENURES CONFLICT WITH OUTSIDE
experience in formal
responsibilities of skills, access to inputs & EXPECTATIONS = NO VALORIZATION OF
EMPLOYEES
employment TOURISM
partners value of local offering
How the standard approach to training, in scope and timing, does not
Creating Real Capacity to Explore the adequately foster real stewardship by communities or provide
the necessary tools to effectively
Opportunities of Tourism engage in the tourism value chain.
Scope & Timing Assumptions / Shortcomings
What Communities Need to Know in Advance: Pre-Concession / Concession •Understanding of the opportunities, context and potential
Allocation of tourism
•limited to land title / participation
WHO ARE WHAT CAN •Readiness to embrace alternative livelihoods and a high
WHAT IS issues,
TOURISTS & WHY TOURISM DO FOR level of entrepreneurial spirit/ capacity amongst
•If community ownership / partnership
TOURISM? communities
WILL THEY COME? THE = community association,
management agreements with •Focuses primarily on employment readiness and places
COMMUNITY?
•Define tourist, investors etc the burden of that training primarily on the investor /
•What experiences partner
tourism and Construction / Development of
tourists want / •SWOT analysis of tourism infrastructure
general concepts •Fails to address the wider scope of opportunities for
don’t want potential in local •Limited general labor on job training / communities along the tourism value chain
•Sustainability skilled labor is imported
•Cultural •Identify
•Cultural tourism Commercialization of Tourism
•Fails to involve & mobilize collective resources
differences & value opportunities (government, donors, funding partners and private sector)
•Eco tourism Venture
of local culture •Assess potential
•Nature tourism •Entry level vocational skills training
•Differentiation negatives &
On-going
with countries of mitigation •Limited to that which the tourism
origin strategies operator deems necessary and / or
donor funded linkages projects

2. Training & Capacitation Needs Training & Capacitation Needs
by Segment & Phase: by Segment & Phase:
DURING THE CONCESSIONING – COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS IN
PRE-CONCESSION – COMMUNITY LEVEL
PARTNERSHIPS WITH TOURISM VENTURES
EXPECTATIONS, UNDERSTANDING & AWARENESS •Understand the framework of the concession agreement
•What is tourism / What is a Concession / How does the process work / What are the •Establish rights and responsibilities and roles in making a success of the project
stakeholders roles & responsibilities / What are the pros and cons of a tourism based local • Form realistic expectations & communicate these to community members they represent
economy
•Understand what the opportunities are & how to prepare to make use of these
WHAT ASSETS DO THE COMMUNITY HAVE
•Natural / Cultural / Productive / Experiential / Traditional knowledge /
•Need for studies / consultations to inform the dialogue & compare with the demands of the DURING THE CONCESSIONING – STAKEHOLDER GROUPS
envisioned tourist segment
THE ROLES & VALUE OF TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS
•What are roles, responsibilities and value of; •Engage in detail with stakeholder focus groups (employee pools, community entrepreneurs by
Tourism investors and / or management (financial investments, marketing capacity, service / product segment & cultural groups / artisans) to identify desired roles in the tourism
operational expertise) and scope of legal and concession based requirements in terms of value chain / identify the nature of the demand = training needs analysis to explore opportunities
community development •Entrepreneurial Skills Development / SMME Development & Business Management
Governement & Communities in managing the concession, supporting sustainable tourism, •Community Action Plans
local community development and conservation
Training Needs by Segment & Phase: Training Needs by Segment & Phase:
Community Associations as Partners / Owners Community Entrepreneurs
PRE OPERATIONAL / OPERATIONAL PHASE PRE OPERATIONAL / OPERATIONAL PHASE
ROLES AREAS OF CAPACITATION ROLES AREAS OF CAPACITATION
- Basic business & management
• Co-Management of tourism principles and tourism sector
• Supply of Products (fresh - Technical capacity building
venture fruit & veg, arts & crafts, specific to product / service
i
knowledge i
/ supply
• Monitoring performance of - Contracting principles, KPIs,
building materials, clothing, - SME Development
tourism management M&E, negotiation skills & etc) - Access to credit, inputs,
principles materials
company • Supply of Services (tour - Business Mentoring (pricing
• Allocation & Management guiding, cultural groups, / costing, profit / loss)
- Accounting Principles (income vs
transport, activities) - Product quality
of Income / Community profit, operational expenses etc)
management / Service
- Development needs analysis,
Development Funds reporting standards
- Contracting and Delivery
• Community / Tourism
- Information exchange & cultural (obligations, rights etc)
Venture Liaison diversity management skills - Basic Accounting
- Association management and - Legal requirements /
good governance practices obligations
Examples of Innovative & Integrated Approaches
Training Needs by Segment & Phase:
to Training, Linkages & Support
Employment Pool
Programmes
PRE OPERATIONAL / OPERATIONAL PHASE
Programmes / Projects Who and How
ROLES AREAS OF CAPACITATION
- Vocational capacity building
• MDG-F Cultural Tours •Donor / Government / Professional
• Construction Phase Training Providers / Tourism Operators /
i
specific to employment area Development Community Entrepreneurs / Associations
(general labor/ skilled labor) - Legal requirements / & Producers / NGOs
obligations under formal • TPRP Market Linkages
• Operational Phase contracts
Service staff, support staff, - Tax obligations of formal Some Lessons Learnt
•Entrepreneurial Spirit cannot be learnt but it
contract
management positions - Labor rights and
can be fostered
•There is a role & value add for middle men
• On-going Training & Career responsibilities
along the Value Chain
- Health & Safety
Advancement Programmes - Cultural diversity & tourist
•Local Government must be capacitated to
understand & support exploration of
experience opportunities by community entrepreneurs
•Need to present sophisticated concepts in an
absorbable manner

3. Acknowledging & Integrating the Scope of Needs into the
Concessioning Process & Planning THANK YOU / OBRIGADA
Discussion Points
Who Should Be Responsible? Who Should Implement?
• Tourism awareness building
• Capacitation of Community Associations •Government
• Entrepreneurial Awareness & Capacity Building •Donors
• Soft & Vocational Skills Development & Ongoing •NGO’s
Training Needs •Community Brokers
• Required Studies, Assessments and Training •Tourism Investors / Operators
Needs Analysis
•Private Sector Service Providers
Who Should / How to Fund? Who Should / How to Monitor?
•Tourism awareness building
• Government
•Capacitation of Community Associations
• Donors
•Entrepreneurial Awareness & Capacity Building
• Concession based funds
•Soft & Vocational Skills Development & Ongoing
• Community Development Funds Training Needs
• Tourism Investors / Operators •Required Studies, Assessments and Training Needs
• Reinvestments of returns by parks / investors Analysis
etc
• Scholarships / learnerships