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SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY-
H.O.D CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Dr .V.K.GUPTA
HINDUSTAN COLLEGE
OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
ANIL GUPTA
VII SEM
1206400013
4. PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT- AN
OVERVIEW
Public Works Department (PWD), under the Ministry of
Public Works department, is the pioneer in construction
arena of Uttar Pradesh.
It plays a pivotal role in the implementation of government
construction projects
To accelerate the construction of bridges in the state, Uttar
Pradesh State Bridge Corporation was founded in 1973.
In year 2004-05, Uttar Pradesh state highways authority
was established to overcome with problem of pavements in
state.
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INTRODUCTION
Development of a country depends on the connectivity of various places with adequate
road network.
Roads constitute the most important mode of communication in areas where railways
have not developed much.
India has one of the largest road networks in the world (over 3 million km at
present).For the purpose of management and administration, roads in India are divided
into the following five categories:
• National Highways (NH)
• State Highways (SH)
• Major District Roads (MDR)
• Other District Roads (ODR)
• Village Roads (VR)
6. WHAT IS ROAD AND PAVEMENT ?
Road is an open, generally public way for the passage of vehicles,
people, and animals.
Pavement is finished with a hard smooth surface. It helped make
them durable and able to withstand traffic and the environment.
They have a life span of between 20 – 30 years.
• FUNCTIONS
• One of the primary functions of pavement is load distribution. It
can be characterized by the tire loads, tire configurations, repetition
of loads, and distribution of traffic across the pavement, and vehicle
speed
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TYPES OF PAVEMENTS
There are various types of pavements depending upon the materials used; a briefs
description of all types is given here-
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Bitumen has been widely used in the construction of flexible pavements for a long time.
This is the most convenient and simple type of construction. The cost of construction of
single lane bituminous pavement varies from 20 to 30 lakhs per km in plain area.
Flexible pavement have-
Have low flexural strength
Load is transferred by grain to grain contact
Have low completion cost but repairing cost is high
Have low life span (High Maintenance Cost)
8. RIGID PAVEMENT
• Rigid pavements, though costly in initial investment, are cheap in long run because
of low maintenance costs, The cost of construction of single lane rigid pavement
varies from 35 to 50 lakhs per km in plain area,
• Rigid pavement have-
Deformation in the sub grade is not transferred to subsequent layers
Design is based on flexural strength or slab action
Have high flexural strength
No such phenomenon of grain to grain load transfer exists
Have low repairing cost but completion cost is high
Life span is more as compare to flexible (Low Maintenance Cost)
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10. 1. Preparation of base
2. Form working
3. Preparation of subgrade
4. Watering of base
5. Joints
6. Material mix & placing
7. Compaction
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11. Using mix Concrete , there some
Point to construct the road
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8. Finishing of surface
8A. Floating
8B. Belting
8C. Brooming
9. Curing
10. Joint filling
11. Edging
12. Open to traffic
12. 1. Rolling on sub grade by roller
2. Filling the granular soil in the weak part and
pot holes
3. Correct the soil coat , Camber , longitudinal
slop
When concrete direct laid on subgrade, For
preventing the water-seepaging into the soil ,
used water proof paper on entire length.
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15. Choose any one type of base
1. W.B.M. base
As base material of W.B.M. Road; stone ballast,
concrete 10-15cm layer are used. For bonding
between concrete slab & W.B.M. used 1:2 cement
wash on W.B.M.
2. Concrete base
On the road used 10cm Cement concrete(1:2:4) or
lime concrete(16:32:64)
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16. 3. Granular medium material layer
10-15cm composite layer of sand , moorum ,
bajri are used for better drainage facilities
4. Stabilization soil
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17. Material for form work-
Wooden sheets, battens, plywood, fibre hard
board, steel plates, angles, rope, minerals.
1. before using form work, it should free from all
type material like as dust ,cement.
2. To placing the concrete in appropriate depth
used 2.5-5cm thick and 3mtr long wooden sheeting.
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18. 3. The depth of wooden block must be same
as level of slab thick.
4. After 24hrs form work displaced next length
of road.
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19. If base is dry
Than using the sprinkling process on it properly
after that placing the concrete.
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20. Where is necessary to provide transverse,
Longitudinal joints; there wedge of woods,
metals fix on level of concrete.
After setting of concrete it should be pull
out.
If provided the dowel bar in joints, bars
should be fit at right position.
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21. Mixer is equipment that mix the concrete using distinct
amount of cement , concrete, sand and water. Concrete
slab should have more than 5-10cm thick cause of drying.
Used two type mixer-
1. Batch mixer-
at site, used for small road construction
2. Continuous mixer-
Continuous mixer used for large construction .
if distance is more from site , mix concrete
transported at site within setting time.
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25. Two methods generally used in placing of
concrete-
1. Alternate bay method-
Placed the concrete on both side of road
alternatively like as1,3,5… part at one side and
2,4,6… part other side .
1st side
2nd side
This method have slow process due to road
traffic problems.
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26. 2. Continuous bay method-
construct one side of road regularly, if
completed some part of first side than
construct other side.
this method have fast process without no
obstruction of traffic
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27. Purpose of compaction is that to pull out air
from void and make concrete harden.
Compaction done by-
1.mechanically surface vibrator
2. manually hand tempers
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28. 8. Finishing of surface
1.Floating-
For levelling the surface use floating, scree-
ding , power trowel. So that there is no acceptable
more than 3mm variation in concrete level surface.
2.Belting-
For making surface clean used belting process.
Belt is nothing but a 15-30cm thick sheets of
canvass which have more length than road.
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30. 3. Brooming-
Brooming is the process in which we made
rough surface parallel to road by brush.
It useful in avoiding slip & comfortable
travelling on road .
the depth of line on road no more than
1.5mm.
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32. 9. Curing
Curing is the name of increasing the
hydration process of cement.
after setting the concrete , curing process
done till 14-28days.
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33. Some method of curing are-
1.Shading concrete works
2. Covering with hessian & gunny bags
3. Sprinkling of water
4.By ponding
5. Membrane curing
6. Steam curing
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35. 10. Filling joint
After drying road, clean the joints and fill the
shelling compound or hot bitumen .
also bitumen fill road bank.
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36. 11. Edging
To protect damaging the sides of concrete
pavements used over burnt brick work.
in place of brick, provided kerb of pre mix
concrete.
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37. Generally after a month, road should be open
to traffic.
If used rapid hardening cement it take 7 days to
open traffic.
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38. Advantages of Concrete Road
• Durability and maintenance free life
• Vehicles consume less fuel
• Resistant to automobile fuel spillage and
extreme weather
• Greener process
• Saving of natural resources
• Eco friendly process
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