1
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Lua Shanks
EDDD 8113
Doctor of Education
Week 6: Refining the Problem and Purpose Statement Comment by Beryl Watnick: Week 8
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Technological revolutions have transformed early childhood education significantly.These developments have eased the tasks of instructors who had challenges related to delivering high-quality education. Aydin et al. (2017) found in their study that both the curriculum and instructional methods have weaknesses that significantly reduce education quality in early childhood schools. For instance, the authors found that the ratio of teachers to students is lower than required, which implies that there are more students per teacher. Consequently, the teachers cannot comprehensively deliver customized instructions to all students effectively due to time constraints. The authors recommend the use of technology, and employment of more teachers to increase instructional quality by increasing the time taken to teach each student according to their learning and developmental needs. In that regard, Dziuban et al. (2018) discuss raise concerns that there are many challenges in early childhood education (ECE). They include ineffective instructional methods, substandard learning environments, and inappropriate content that do not effectively support children's learning and developmental needs. The authors propose the use of technologies to promote quality education and growth in early childhood education. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Really? Where is there evidence for this statement? Comment by Beryl Watnick: grammar
Samudra et al. (2019) argue that the use of technology has not been used to the required potential to improve learners’ needs in early childhood education settings. For instance, the authors found that technological devices have the potential to increase children's developmental and educational needs. In this regard, the authors recommend the use of technological devices including tablets and computers to teach children. The authors researched and found that audiovisual learning devices increase interactive learning, which is associated with high engagement and high performance. Comment by Beryl Watnick: That is obvious, isn’t it?
Research Problem
The problem is that many early year teachers in the current education sector do not have enough ICT equipment and expertise at their disposal to adequately deliver holistic instruction to early year learners. The quality of instruction is not increasing regardless of the increasing advancements in technology. According to Aydin et al. (2017), changes are continuing to be noticed in classroom populations, and in performance. For instance, the number of immigrants has increased significantly, which implies that there is a crucial need to apply effective and appropriate instructional approaches. Additionally, there has been a disproportional improvement in instructi ...
1Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Educat
1. 1
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Lua Shanks
EDDD 8113
Doctor of Education
Week 6: Refining the Problem and Purpose Statement
Comment by Beryl Watnick: Week 8
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Technological revolutions have transformed early childhood
education significantly.These developments have eased the
tasks of instructors who had challenges related to delivering
high-quality education. Aydin et al. (2017) found in their study
that both the curriculum and instructional methods have
weaknesses that significantly reduce education quality in early
childhood schools. For instance, the authors found that the ratio
of teachers to students is lower than required, which implies
that there are more students per teacher. Consequently, the
teachers cannot comprehensively deliver customized
instructions to all students effectively due to time constraints.
The authors recommend the use of technology, and employment
of more teachers to increase instructio nal quality by increasing
the time taken to teach each student according to their learning
and developmental needs. In that regard, Dziuban et al. (2018)
discuss raise concerns that there are many challenges in early
childhood education (ECE). They include ineffective
instructional methods, substandard learning environments, and
inappropriate content that do not effectively support children's
2. learning and developmental needs. The authors propose the use
of technologies to promote quality education and growth in
early childhood education. Comment by Beryl Watnick:
Really? Where is there evidence for this statement? Comment by
Beryl Watnick: grammar
Samudra et al. (2019) argue that the use of technology has not
been used to the required potential to improve learners’ needs in
early childhood education settings. For instance, the authors
found that technological devices have the potential to increase
children's developmental and educational needs. In this regard,
the authors recommend the use of technological devices
including tablets and computers to teach children. The authors
researched and found that audiovisual learning devices increase
interactive learning, which is associated with high engagement
and high performance. Comment by Beryl Watnick: That is
obvious, isn’t it?
Research Problem
The problem is that many early year teachers in the current
education sector do not have enough ICT equipment and
expertise at their disposal to adequately deliver holistic
instruction to early year learners. The quality of instruction is
not increasing regardless of the increasing advancements in
technology. According to Aydin et al. (2017), changes are
continuing to be noticed in classroom populations, and in
performance. For instance, the number of immigrants has
increased significantly, which implies that there is a crucial
need to apply effective and appropriate instructional
approaches. Additionally, there has been a disproportional
improvement in instructional methods with technological
advancements. The implication is that instructional approaches
have not effectively embraced and applied technology to
improve learning. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Yes! Good
point! Comment by Beryl Watnick: Do you mean non
English speakers?
Studies on emerging technologies in ECE is replete with
evidence that shows when children view a video with their
3. parents or teachers and narrate stories, they learn new
vocabularies better (Samudra et al., 2019). The article talks
about how technology assists students when they are with their
parents. It also talks about how technology helps with new
vocabulary, and this will help them to become a better speaker.
It helped students to comprehend stories better. Overall,
technology is a key to success based on this article.
Comment by Beryl Watnick: …they enrich their
vocabulary
Yulmaz et al. (2019) examine the importance of observation and
social cues in learning. The article talked a lot about how
significant it was to see certain behaviors and adjust and how
this has been used to help learners improve their knowledge for
years. The theory of social learning was another big aspect of
this article. Basically, more focus on this theory could help
students and other learners improve the way they grasp
information.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine how best to integrate
audiovisual technologies into ECE. In line with this goal, the
research will explore the technologies used by educators to
impart knowledge to early childhood learners. The concepts of
interest include infusion of technology into early childhood
education settings, and improving children’s learning and
developmental needs using appropriate instructional approaches.
Apart from teachers’ ICT tools, this study will also examine
audiovisual technologies used by early education students. The
basis of this research is the idea that there is inadequate
application of technology in the classroom which reduces the
quality of learning in many ECE classrooms.
One important postulate of the social learning theory is
retention. When young children observe other people or
inanimate objects such as mobile tablets, they remember their
actions. However, since the behavior is mediated by a mental
process, it may or may not be remembered. The application of
interactive media makes the learning process more interesting
4. for the learner, thus increasing the probability of retaining the
content being delivered in the ECE classroom (Yılmaz, Yılmaz
& Yılmaz, 2019). Even when there is short-term replication of
the targeted behavior, there needs to be a memory to act as a
point of reference in future. Comment by Beryl Watnick: Is
this your framework section?
Please go back to the exact assignment expectations.
Comment by Beryl Watnick: Word choice?
Research Questions
1. Can audiovisual technologies improve learning in early
childhood education settings? Comment by Beryl Watnick: This
is a yes or no question and not appropriate for a study
2. How best can audiovisual equipment be used for blended
learning for children under 10 years old in the State of
California? Comment by Beryl Watnick: Alignment – this is
the first time you mention 10 year olds in California. If this is
your target audience, it should be discussed in each section.
Research Methodology and Design Comment by Beryl Watnick:
Please adhere to my biweekly assignments. This was not asked
for.
The study will utilize a qualitative design to investigate how
best the various audiovisual equipment be used for blended
learning for children under 10 years old in the State of
California. The grounded theory design will be used because it
would aid in the formulation of a theory that will be based on
the collected data from the results of application of audiovisual
technology in education (Laird et al., 2018). To that end, six
participants will be selected using purposive sampling
technique. The participants will encompass individuals from the
education sector, teachers, and community members. The
gathered data will be analyzed using content analysis tools. This
process will involve identifying key themes and performing
analytical procedures to confirm or reject the hypothesis.
Significance
The significance of the study is that it will increase the
adoption of audiovisual technologies and their effective use at
5. home and in schools to increase children’s developmental and
educational needs.
References
Aydin, H., Ozfidan, B., & Carothers, D. (2017). Meeting the
challenges of curriculum and instruction in school settings in
the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education
Research, 8(3), 76-92.
Banneyer, K. N., Bonin, L., Price, K., Goodman, W. K., &
Storch, E. A. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for
childhood anxiety disorders: a review of recent
advances. Current psychiatry reports, 20(8), 1-8.
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., &
Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and
emerging technologies. International journal of educational
technology in Higher education, 15(1), 1-16.
Laird, Y., Fawkner, S., & Niven, A. (2018). A grounded theory
of how social support influences physical activity in
adolescent girls. International journal of qualitative studies
on health and well-being, 13(1), 1435099.
Yılmaz, M., Yılmaz, U., & Yılmaz, E. N. D. (2019). The
relation between social learning and visual culture.
International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education,
11(4), 421-427.
3
[Working Title of Your Study]
[Your Name]
[Course Number & Quarter]
Your Ed.D. Specialization
6. Week [#]
[Working Title of Your Study]
[Brief introduction to and background for your study. Include 3
– 4 peer reviewed articles (annotated bibliography format) to
support/justify/inform what you intend to be working on. Keep
it brief.]
Research Problem
[State the research problem in 1 or 2 sentences at the most.]
[Evidence (annotated bibliography format). Include 2 pieces
from the literature and 1 or 2 pieces from the local setting
(because you will need to conduct your study somewhere,
irrespective of what type of capstone you choose, you need to
show that the problem is present and relevant at the site where
the study will be conducted).]
Purpose
[State the purpose of your study in 1 or 2 sentences at the
most.]
[List concepts of interest, with explanations to clarify what they
are and how they align to the problem.]
[Conceptual OR Theoretical] Framework
[Include 1 framework (2 at the most); briefly explain what the
framework is about and how it connects to your study.]
[For each framework include 1 or 2 seminal work(s) (annotated
bibliography format)]
Research Question[s] [and Hypotheses]
[List your questions]
[List hypotheses for each question (if the case)]
Research Methodology and Design
[State type of approach. Include a 1 or 2 sentence justification.]
[State type of research design. Include a 1 or 2 sentence
justification]
[List data sources]
Significance
[Brief, 1 sentence statement about the significance of your
7. study]
References
1
Week 4 Assignment: Research Problem Development
Lua Shanks
Dr. Watnick
E.D.D. 8113
Walden University
12-27-21
Emerging New Technologies in Early Childhood Education
Background
The Early Childhood Education (ECE) practice has faced many
challenges ranging from inadequate teaching and learning
resources, lack of government goodwill, to financial constraints
to facilitate teaching operations. Dziuban et al. (2018)
highlighted several challenges faced by early childhood
education. The scholars argue that poor teaching programs and
environments for teachers are among the hurdles facing early
childhood education. Aydin et al. (2017) also establi shed that a
high pupil-teacher ratio hinders the implementation of early
childhood education. Nonetheless, early childhood educators
8. can improve the teaching-learning environment by integrating
audiovisual technologies in the teaching-learning setup.
Research has shown that there are many problems in early
childhood, but there are also many opportunities for
improvement.
Problem Statement
The problem is that many early year teachers in the current
education sector do not have enough ICT equipment and
expertise at their disposal to adequately deliver holistic
instruction to early year learners. According to Aydin et al.
(2017), educators are increasingly embracing new learning
technologies, but have poor technical skills which hamper their
capacity to use the technologies. For instance, far too many
teachers in the education sector do not have the required
phonics skills to teach early year learners how to read and spell
words correctly (Dziuban et al., 2018). Research on emerging
technologies in early ECE is replete with evidence that shows
when children view a video with their parents or teachers and
narrate stories, they learn new vocabularies better (Dziuban et
al., 2018; Samudra et al., 2019). Therefore, there is a
discernible gap in practice about the selection of the most
effective audiovisual technologies in content delivery in Early
Childhood Education.
Research and Benefits
Early childhood education is facing several different issues
according research. However, there are many resources
available for educators to improve their learning environment
for students. Schools, administrators, and others who are
involved in creating the best opportunity for students must find
a way to improve and adjust so that the same problems will not
continue to exist. To do this they can take a lot of advice from
research, which includes learning from their environment,
improving class ratios and technology, and improving teacher
preparedness. Overall, ECE can be better for all those involved.
Annotated Bibliography
9. Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., &
Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and
emerging technologies. International journal of educational
technology in Higher education, 15(1), 1-16
This article provides an overview of several challenges faced by
early childhood education. One of the challenges the articles
spoke of was children not being on their grade level, and this
will make it hard for teachers to teach the child what they
supposed to know. The teaching environment becomes difficult
or hard when students are behind, so teachers need help. The
article mentions the need for technology to aid students in
getting individual help to get on grade level.
Aydin, H., Ozfidan, B., & Carothers, D. (2017). Meeting the
challenges of curriculum and instruction in school settings in
the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education
Research, 8(3), 76-92.
Aydin et al. (2017) established that a high pupil-teacher ratio
hinders the implementation of early childhood education. The
article talks about how having numerous students in the
classroom can create learning gaps. This also can affect the
teacher numerous of ways. The study shows that schools need to
reduce the ratio of students to provide the students with the
right instruction for the class to learn. Overall, the article shows
that things can be better if there are less students in the
classroom.
Samudra, P. G., Flynn, R. M., & Wong, K. M. (2019). Covering
Educational Media: Does Co-viewing Help Low-Income
Preschoolers Learn Auditory and Audiovisual Vocabulary
Associations? AERA Open, 5(2),
https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858419853238
Research on emerging technologies in ECE is replete with
evidence that shows when children view a video with their
parents or teachers and narrate stories, they learn new
vocabularies better (Dziuban et al., 2018; Samudra et al., 2019).
The article talks about how technology assists students when
they are with their parents. It also talks about how technology
10. helps with new vocabulary, and this will help them to become a
better speaker. It helped students to comprehend stories better.
Overall, technology is a key to success based on this article.
Yılmaz, M., Yılmaz, U., & Yılmaz, E. N. D. (2019). The
relation between social learning and visual culture.
International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education,
11(4), 421-427.
The article spoke about the importance of observation and
social cues in learning. The article talked a lot about how
significant it was to see certain behaviors and adjust and how
this has been used to help learners improve their knowledge for
years. The theory of social learning was another big aspect of
this article. Basically, more focus on this theory could help
students and other learners improve the way they grasp
information.
References
Aydin, H., Ozfidan, B., & Carothers, D. (2017). Meeting the
challenges of curriculum and instruction in school settings in
the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education
Research, 8(3), 76-92.
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., &
Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and
emerging technologies. International journal of educational
technology in Higher education, 15(1), 1-16.
Huda, M., Jasmi, K. A., Hehsan, A., Mustari, M. I., Shahrill,
M., Basiron, B., & Gassama, S. K. (2017). Empowering children
with adaptive technology skills: Careful engagement in the
digital ınformation age. International Electronic Journal of
Elementary Education, 9(3), 693-708.
Kontovourki, S., Garoufallou, E., Ivarsson, L., Klein, M.,
Korkeamaki, R. L., Koutsomiha, D., ... & Virkus, S. (2017).
Digital literacy in the early years: Practices in formal settings,
11. teacher education, and the role of informal learning spaces: A
review of the literature.
MacBlain, S. (2018). Learning theories for early years practice.
Sage.
Samudra, P. G., Flynn, R. M., & Wong, K. M. (2019).
Coviewing Educational Media: Does Coviewing Help Low -
Income Preschoolers Learn Auditory and Audiovisual
Vocabulary Associations?. AERA Open, 5(2),
https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858419853238
Yılmaz, M., Yılmaz, U., & Yılmaz, E. N. D. (2019). The
relation between social learning and visual culture.
International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education,
11(4), 421-427.
INTRODUCTION
Module 3 Week 6: The Purpose Statement
In this course, you have learned that a final problem statement
normally takes many months to develop. Yet this week, you are
asked to begin to develop the purpose statement. This is not
because your problem statement is finalized but because it i s
time for you to evaluate and practice creating the rest of the
common components of the doctoral capstone. This is part of
the iterative process of preparing the capstone.
Remember, though, that the assignments in this course are
unlikely to be final versions of your study. The intention is to
help you to understand and prepare for what you will need to
write in your capstone.
The purpose statement serves as the connection between the
problem being addressed and the focus of the study. Depending
on the methodology, in:
· Quantitative studies, state what needs to be studied by
describing two or more factors (variables) and a conjectured
12. relationship between (among) them related to the identified gap
in practice or problem;
· Qualitative studies, describe the need for increased
understanding about the issue to be studied (based on the
identified gap or problem); and
· Mixed-methods studies (with both quantitative and qualitative
aspects), clarify how the two approaches will be used together
to inform the study.
Notes on Readings
This week’s readings continue to provide information on how to
review the research literature. Apply this guidance to your
ongoing efforts to read and take notes interactively in the
research relevant to your problem. The media and other
resources, this week, will help you to develop your
understanding of the purpose statement.
The reading in the Single text, this week, can help you to fine
tune your system for scholarly reading and note taking via the
use of your citation management software.
This week, Thomas provides detailed instructions about how to
interact with, and review, the research literature. These skills
are critical in your work on your doctorate.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Apply technological tools to find, analyze, and evaluate
existing research
· Analyze purpose statements
· Apply knowledge of APA references
· Apply knowledge of doctoral study
Assignment: The Purpose and Problem Statements
Stephen King, who has written more than 50 novels—and other
books that have sold hundreds of millions of copies—also wrote
about how he writes. In his book, On Writing: A Memoir of the
Craft, King explains that his iterative approach to writing
13. involves writing, putting it aside, writing something else, and
then returning to the first draft.
While it is unlikely you will adopt Stephen King’s ritual for
draft versions, recognize that “writing drafts” are an essential
part of the process. This week’s writing assignment allows you
to present an improved and refined problem statement and an
aligned purpose statement.
To Prepare
For this revision of your purpose and problem statements, apply
what you have learned from the feedback you have received, as
well as the information you have learned from the required
readings, web resources, and media.
By Day 7
Submit your draft.
As in previous drafts, your paper should include the following:
· Title—refining the problem statement and purpose statement
· A basic introduction or background statement
· One or two specific and precise sentences that clearly state the
problem
· A few paragraphs that synthesize the evidence from research
literature that this is a current, meaningful problem in the
educational discipline
· Substantiated statements using evidence from research
Note: Every statement must be substantiated by evidence from
your research.
· One or two sentences that explain the purpose of your study
Note: Connect the problem being addressed to the focus of your
study.
· Demonstration of a logical flow from the preliminary problem
to this (narrower) tentative purpose in your study
· Explanation of what aspect of the problem your study address
(In other words, what will it accomplish?)
Find and review three scholarly sources to support your
purpose.
Your newest draft of your paper should be in APA style and
follow the guidelines provided in the document, “APA Course
14. Paper Template with Advice (7th ed.)” found in the Learning
Resources.
References
Single, P. B. (2010). Demystifying dissertation writing: A
streamlined process from choice of topic to final text. Sterling,
VA: Stylus Publishing.
· Chapter 4, “Citeable Notes”
· Section 4.1, “Recording Citeable Notes and Building Your
Literature Review” (pp. 81–85)
Thomas, G. (2017). How to do your research project: A guide
for students (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
· Chapter 1, “Your Introduction: Starting Points”
· “Purposes of Research” (pp. 6–7)
· Chapter 3, “The Literature Review” (pp. 57-67)
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/gen
eral
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/gen
eral
REQURIED VIDEO
https://mym.cdn.laureate-
media.com/2dett4d/Walden/EDDD/8003/06/mm/slide_show/inde
x.html#slide-2