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JSON JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation that is a languageindependent text format which is fast and easy to understand. That means itis really very simple and easy to learn without sparing much time. Inanother words we can say that JavaScript Object Notation is a lightweightdata-interchange format that is completely language independent but withsome conventions.Why JSON? 1. Because JSON is easy to write. It is just like creating and accessing class in javascript in object notation 2. If you like Hash Tables, you will fall in love with JSON. 3. JSON is just key: value pairs assigned within an object. 4. JSON is very fast. 5. It is easy to understand and can be integrated in any web application very easily.101194 6. Better organized data if prepared in well mannered way.Creating Objects in JavaScript using JSON:JSON is syntax for passing around objects that contain name/value pairs,arrays and other objects.We can create objects in JSON with JavaScript in many ways: "var JSONObjectName ={};" will create an empty object. "var JSONObjectName= new Object();" will create a new Object. "var JSONObjectName = { "name ":"amit", "age":23}; will create an Object with attribute name which contains value in String and age with numeric value. Now by creating this object we can access attributes by only "." operator.Squiggles, Squares, Colons and Commas 1. Squiggly brackets act as containers 2. Square brackets holds arrays 3. Names and values are separated by a colon. 4. Array elements are separated by commas

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Advantages of JSON: Because JSON was designed for the purpose of serializing andunserializing data being sent to and from JavaScript applications, theadvantages of using JSON relate to the advantages of JSON over othermeans of serialization. The most well-known means of serializing data fortransmission to and from applications at present is XML. Yet, XML is arather cumbersome means of serialization. First, the sender must encode the data to be serialized based on adocument type definition that the recipient understands. Doing so creates agreat deal of extra padding around the actual data no matter which DTD isused. So, the size of XML documents is often fairly large in comparison withthe actual set of values they contain. Second, the recipient must receive the stream of XML and decode thedata in order to then put that data into memory. In comparison, theserialization of data using JSON by the sender is relatively quick andcompact because the structure of JSON reflects the structure of standardprogramming data types and the encoding mechanism adds only theminimum number of characters required to indicate the structure and valueof the data. Once the recipient receives the JSON serialized data, then, the onlyprocessing needing to be done is to evaluate the text of the string usingeither JavaScripts built-in eval function or a compatible function in anotherlanguage. The other standard comparison is YAML, which is able to serializecomplex data sets without relying upon a DTD and needs a simpler parser toboth read and write than XML. However, even the simplified YAML parsersgenerally require more time and generate larger serialized data streamsthan JSON.JSON is like XML because: 1. They are both self-describing meaning that values are named, and thus human readable 2. Both are hierarchical. (i.e. you can have values within values.) 3. Both can be parsed and used by lots of programming languages 4. Both can be passed around using AJAX (i.e. httpWebRequest)

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JSON is Unlike XML because: 1. XML uses angle brackets, with a tag name at the start and end of an element: JSON uses squiggly brackets with the name only at the beginning of the element. 2. JSON is less verbose so its definitely quicker for humans to write, and probably quicker for us to read. 3. JSON can be parsed trivially using the eval() procedure in JavaScript 4. JSON includes arrays {where each element doesnt have a name of its own} 5. In XML you can use any name you want for an element, in JSON you cant use reserved words from javascriptExample: Object creation in JSON in JavaScript <html> <head> <title> Object creation in JSON in JavaScript </title> <script language="javascript" > var JSONObject = { "name" : "Amit", "address" : "B-123 Bangalow", "age" : 23, "phone" : "011-4565763", "MobileNo" : 0981100092 }; document.write("<h2><font color=blue>Name</font>::" +JSONObject.name+"</h2>"); document.write("<h2><font color=blue>Address</font>::" +JSONObject.address+"</h2>"); document.write("<h2><font color=blue>Age</font>::" +JSONObject.age+"</h2>"); document.write("<h2><font color=blue>Phone No.</font>::" +JSONObject.phone+"</h2>"); document.write("<h2><font color=blue>Mobile No.</font>::" +JSONObject.MobileNo+"</h2>"); </script> </head>

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<body> <h3>Example of object creation in JSON in JavaScript</h3> </body> </html> How to use JSON in JQUERY: You have a JSON file with some information stored in it. You want toimport that information from the JSON file into the current web pageasynchronously. The JSON file is a file that contains information regarding‘name’ and ‘value’ pairs.The HTML file should look like this:<body><p>For information from JSON file click the button given below :<br><input type="submit" id="submit"/><div id="message"></div></body>The JSON file drinkinfo.json have information like this:[{"optiontext" : "Tea", "optionvalue" : "Tea"},{"optiontext" : "Coffee", "optionvalue" : "Coffee"},{"optiontext" : "Juice", "optionvalue" : "Juice"}]This JSON file can be used in the JQUERY like this:$(document).ready (function () {$(#submit).click (function () {$.ajax ({type:"GET",url:"drinkinfo.json",dataType:"json",success: function (data) {var drinks="<ul>";$.each(data, function(i,n){drinks+="<li>"+n["optiontext"]+"</li>";});drinks+="</ul>";$(#message).append(drinks);}});

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return false;});}); The information received in data contains two attributes: optiontextand optionvalue, and we want to return only the contents of the optiontextattribute to the web page, in the form of a list. We therefore make use ofthe each() method to parse each object stored in data. In the callbackfunction of each() method, we use two parameters: i and n where i refers tothe index location of the object in data and n refers to object containinginformation (in terms of attributes optiontext and optionvalue). We can also simplify the above jQuery code by making use of the$.getJSON() method, which is particularly designed for retrieving data froma JSON file. This method makes a GET request to the specified url address(on the server), along with its passed parameters, and returns information inthe form of JSON encoded data. Its syntax looks like this: $.getJSON (url, parameters, callbackfuncton)And the parameters are: url is name of the file along with its address on the server parameters is a string containing information in the form of name and value pairs to be passed to the url callback function is the response generated from the server , when the request succeeds The jQuery code to use the $.getJSON() method is as shown here, andit works much the same way as our previous solution but as you can see,leads to some neater code:$(document).ready (function () {$(#submit).click (function () {$.getJSON (drinkinfo.json, function (data){var drinks="<ul>";$.each (data, function (i,n){drinks +="<li>"+n ["optiontext"]+"</li>";});drinks +="</ul>";$(#message).append (drinks);});return false;});});

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Limitations of JSON: The most important disadvantage of JSON is that the format is veryhard to read for humans, and that, of course, every single comma, quote,and bracket should be in exactly the correct place. While this is also true ofXML, JSONs welter of complicated-looking syntax, like the}}]} at the end ofthe data snippet, may frighten the newbies and make for complicateddebugging. JSON shows its greatest weakness. Yes the little semantics JSON datastructures have makes them easy to work with. One knows how to interpretan array, how to interpret a number and how to interpret a Boolean. But thisis very minimal semantics. It is very much pre web semantics. It works aslong as the client and the server, the publisher of the data and the consumerof the data are closely tied together. Why so? Because there is no use ofURIs, Universal Names, in JSON. JSON has a provincial semantics. Compareto XML which gives a place for the concept of a namespace specified interms of a URI.