Curriculum by INC

2. Definitio
n
Psychology – A scientific study of human behavior
and mental processes.
Etymologically, it came from the Greek words,
Psyche which means “soul” or “mind”, and Logos
which means “the study of.”

3. Overvie
wPsychology, can be defined as the study or science
of behavior which is aimed to know about the why and
how of our behavior in a particular way.

4. Historical Development

5. Important People in
the Dev’t. of
Psychology

6. Important People in the Dev’t.
of Psychology (Pre-
scientific)Aristotle (384 –322 BC) – He made assumptions
out of observation regarding human behavior. He
believed that all beings, humans included, have
souls, which animate them. Humans, however,
compared to other animal, have rational souls.
Thus, humans are not only, physical, but also
rational. He also theorized about learning,
memory, motivation, emotion, perception and
personality.

7. Important People in
the Dev’t. of
PsychologyJohn Locke
(1632–1704) - Believed
that at birth the human
mind is a “tabula rasa”
or a blank slate, on
which experience
“writes” knowledge.

8. Important People in
the Dev’t. of
PsychologyHerbert Spencer
Associationism- Believed
that there are direct connection
of sensation and ideas.
i.e: if A is connected with B,C &
D in sensory experience . If A
gets sesory input so will B,C &
D will get.

9. Important People in
the Dev’t. of
Psychology
Charles Darwin
(1809 – 1882) - He is the
author of the Law of
Natural Selection or
Theory of Evolution;
inspired the Psychological
school of thought,
Functionalism.

10. Important People in the Dev’t.
of Psychology (Medieval Age)
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) – Considered as the
“Father of Modern Psychology.” He established the
first experimental laboratory for the study of
Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany, 1879. He created
a machine that measured the time lag between
people’s hearing a ball hit the platform and their
pressing a telegraph key. Wundt has seeking to
measure the “atoms of the mind” – the fastest and
simplest mental processes.

11. Important People in the Dev’t. of
Psychology (School of thoughts
founded) in Leipzig,Wilhelm Wundt - in his laboratory
Germany

12. Schools of
Thought1.Structuralism (Edward Titchener) – Study of the
parts of conscious experiences through
introspection.
Conscious experiences are composed of -
• Sensations
• feelings
• Images
Introspection is a process of studying the self, or self-
examination. Introduced by St. Thomas of Aquinas.

13. Schools of
Thought
2. Functionalism
(William James) – Defines
behavior or the mental
phenomena in terms of their
functions in man’s adjustment
to his environment. It is very
much influenced by Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution.

14. Schools of
Thought
3. Gestalt Psychology
(Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka)
Believed that the human mind imposes meaning to
related experiences. It advocates that the study of
human behavior should be wholistic. “The whole is
greater than the sum of its parts.”

15. Schools of
Thought
4. Behaviourism
(John B. Watson)
Emphasized the need to
study what is observable.
Its objective was to predict
and control behavior.

16. Schools of
Thought
5. Psychoanalysis
(Sigmund Freud 1856-1939)
– Much of our behavior is
governed by unconscious
motive and primitive biological
instincts. It considered all
humans basically would like to
gain pleasure and avoid pain.

17. Psychosexual stages of
development

18. Important People in the Dev’t.
of Psychology(Contemporary
Age)Psychoanalysis: it provides recognition to the
“school of psychoanalysis” for explaining the ways
and how human behave.
• The acceptance of Freudian concept of
unconscious mind & conscious behavior which
precipitated in totality of person’s behavior.
• Rejection of the Freudian over emphasis on sex
or libido as motive of person’s behavior and
acceptance of other concepts like power, motive
& life urges for shaping of persona’s behavior &
personality.

19. Contemporary
Approaches Behavioral - Focuses on observable
behavior – (Watson, Pavlov, skinner, etc.)
 Cognitive - Examines how people
understand and think about the
world- (Edward Tolman, Jean Piaget,
etc.)
 Humanistic – Contends that people can
control their behavior and that they
naturally try to reach their full potential.
-(Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers , etc.)

20. Fields or scope in Psychology
1. Developmental Psychology – The study of
human development and the factors that shape
behavior form birth to old age.

21. Fields or scope in Psychology
1. Developmental Psychology – The study of
human development and the factors that shape
behavior from birth to old age.

22. 2.Social Psychology – The study of how people
think about, influence, relate with one another, and
the ways interaction with other people influence
attitudes and behavior.
3.Personality Psychology – The study of
individual differences.
Fields or scope in
Psychology

23. Fields or scope in
Psychology
4. Clinical Psychology –
diagnosis and treatment
The study of the
of emotional and
behavioral problems (mental illness, drug addiction,
marital and family conflict).

24. Fields or scope in
Psychology
5. Counseling Psychology – The study that deals
with personal problems such as academics, social
or vocational problems; counseling psychologists
deal with less serious problems compared to clinical
psychologists.

25. Fields or scope in
Psychology
6. School and Educational Psychology – The
study that deals with the evaluation of learning and
emotional problems of individual in school.

26. Fields or scope in
Psychology
7. Industrial/Organizational Psychology – The
study involving the selection of people most suitable
for particular jobs, the development of training
programs in organization, and the identification of
determinants of consumer behavior.

27. Fields or scope in
Psychology
10. Experimental Psychology – The study that
employs the behavioral and cognitive perspective
as well as the experimental method in studying how
people react to sensory stimuli, perceive the world,
learn and remember, and respond.

28. Fields or scope in
Psychology
11. Forensic Psychology – the study that applies
psychology to the law and legal proceedings.

29. Fields or scope in
Psychology
12. Sports Psychology – The study that applies
theories and knowledge in psychology to enhance
athletes’ and coaches’ performance.

30. Relevance to Nursing
There are plenty of opportunity to utilize the
principles and techniques of psychology which are
quiet extensive field.
Nursing is primary assisting the individuals in their
performance of those activities contributing to
health or its recovery that they would perform
unaided if they had the given necessary strength,
will or knowledge.
BY Virginia Henderson,1966

31. Why ???? Relevance to
NursingTo help understand the client / Patient
To help understand the relatives and well
wishers of the patient
To help get adjusted to professional
environment
To help provide needed advice, guidance and
support to the patient
To help provide quality care and nursing to
the patients
To help carryout needed study during Pre-
services and in service periods

32. How!!! Relevance to Nursing
To help get adjusted in her personal & social
life besides keeping good mental health
To help carryout proper psychometric
assessment of the patient
To help the nurses understand oneself

33. Methods/Approaches of
Psychology

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