Milady Ch 7

1. Lesions. Gland Disorders. Pigmentation. Skin Cancer. Health & Prevention
MILADY
SKIN STRUCTURE,
NUTRITION & GROWTH

2. " Your skin will be with you throughout life's
journey.
Treat it well."

3. Skin Structure, Growth & Nutrition
• Skin Structure
• Functions of the skin
• Nutrition & Vitamins
• How & why cosmetologist need to be
properly informed & educated

5. • There are 100 trillion cells but only 10 trillion are
human!
• Most the other 90 trillion are bacteria, parasites & fungi
• - Demodex Folliculorum lives in human hair follicles-
up to 25 mites in 1 hair follicle!

7. Blaschko's Lines

9. DERMATOLOGY is the medical
branch of science that deals with the
study of skin, its nature, structure,
functions, diseases & treatments
DERMATOLOGIST- physician who specializes in
diseases & disorders of the skin, hair & nails- UP T0 12
YEARS of training
ESTHETICIAN- specializes in cleansing, beautification
& preservation of the health of skin on the body
Cosmetologists can clean skin, preserve health of skin
& beautify the skin; depending on state laws/regulations

11. SKIN SPECIFICS
And most important organ
3,000 square inches= 20 square feet
Weighs about 6-9 pounds & protects muscle,
bones & nerves
Barrier against the environment
1. 2.
3. 4.

12. SKIN SPECIFICS
Healthy skin :
• Is free of visible diseases, infection
or injury
• Slightly moist
• Soft & Flexible
• Slightly acidic
• Immune Responses
5.

13. SKIN SPECIFICS
APPENDAGES of the skin: WHY DO WE HAVE THEM??
Nails
Hair
Sudoriferous &
Sebaceous Glands
Calluses
Skin on Scalp:
Larger/deeper
follicles

14. • What is dermatology?
• Where is the skin the thinnest? Thickest?
• How long does a Dermatologist need
training for?
• What is the difference between Esthetician
and Dermatologist?
• What is the largest organ?
• How much does your skin weigh?
• What are some qualities of healthy skin?
• What are some appendages of the skin?

15. SKIN SPECIFICS
The skin has 3 layers but is
composed of 2 Main Divisions:
The Epidermis
The Dermis

16. EPIDERMIS-
No blood vessels; many small nerve endings; 5 layers
• Area cosmetologist treat
• Horny layer
• Outermost
• scale like, constantly shed
• cells contain keratin
• barrier function preventing water loss
and protection
• Clear
• transparent layer
• Small keratin cells
• Thicker on palms of hands/soles of feet
• Area that require a lot of stretch
STRATUM CORNEUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM

17. EPIDERMIS
• Granular layer
• Cells that look like granules
• Filled with keratin
• Cells die as they replace the cells that are
shed
• Beginning of keratinization
• Spiny layer
• Where the shedding begins
• Change shape as Keratin expands
• Releases lipids
• Deepest layer
• live layer that produces new epidermal skin
cells
• Contains melanocytes; Stratum Basale
• Microblading
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM SPINOSUM
STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

18. DERMIS- Inner layer; Derma, curium, cutis or true
skin. 25 times thicker; highly sensitive; made up of 2
layers-
PAPILLARY ( superficial )
RETICULAR ( deeper )
Papillary
Reticular
*Tattoo ink lives here- Fibroblasts

19. Tactile corpuscles
Epidermal-dermal
junction
Melanocytes
PAPILLARY LAYER; Superficial
Dermal Papillae

20. RETICULAR LAYER- Deeper; oxygen/nutrients
Fat cells
Sudoriferous/
Blood
vessels
Arrector pili
/Sebaceous
/Adipose
Hair Follicle
Lymph Vessel
Nerve

21. • 2 parts of the skin?
• Epidermis has how many layers?
• Which is the horny layer?
• Another name for the dermis?
• What are the 2 parts of the dermis?
• What are arrector pili muscles?
• What is another name for fatty tissue?
• What are the 2 types of glands?
• What else is found in the reticular layer?

22. FLUIDS OF THE SKIN- Reticular Dermis
BLOOD- delivers nutrients & oxygen to the
skin; takes away carbon dioxide. Nutrients
from food are needed for life, repair & growth
LYMPH- clear fluids of the body that bathe
the skin cells, remove toxins, cellular waste &
protect against disease;
• Blood arteries & lymph vessels send
smaller branches to hair papillae, follicle &
skin glands

23. NERVES OF THE SKIN
MOTOR NERVE FIBERS are directed to
arrector pili; motor never fibers carry
impulses from brain to muscles

24. NERVES OF THE SKIN
SECRETORY NERVE FIBERS
are distributed to sweat & oil
glands; regulate excretion of
perspiration & flow of sebum to
skin

25. NERVES OF THE SKIN
SENSORY NERVE FIBERS
react to heat, cold, touch,
pressure & pain; sends
messages to the brain

26. NERVES OF THE SKIN
PAPILLARY LAYER houses nerve endings; most abundant in fingertips
Deep pressure: tendons, joints
Epithelial tissue, pain
& pressure
Hairless areas: lips,
fingertips

27. SKIN COLOR
Depends on MELANIN; hereditary, varies among races
& nationalities; Genes determine amount of pigment produced

28. MELANIN

29. MELANIN
PHEOMELANIN
EUMELANIN

30. MELANIN- Sun Protection

31. Collagen & Elastin make
up 70% of the DERMIS;
gives strength, form &
flexibility
COLLAGEN-
• Fibrous protein
• Gives skin form & strength
• Allows skin to contract & stretch;
Weakened fibers result in wrinkles
ELASTIN-
• Similar protein
• Gives flexibility & elasticity
• Helps regain shape after stretching &
expanding

32. • What are the 2 kinds of fluid in the skin?
• Sensory nerves allow what?
• Motor nerves are responsible for?
• What layer of skin has the nerve endings?
• What makes up skin color?
• What are some ways to protect our skin?
• What is the difference between collagen and
elastin?

33. GLANDS OF THE SKIN
Sudoriferous Glands
Sweat glands; excrete perspiration & detoxify by excreting excess salt &
chemicals; SECRETORY COIL and TUBE LIKE DUCT
• All over the body, more numerous in the palms of hand, soles of feet,
forehead & underarms
• Regulates body temperature

34. GLANDS OF THE SKIN
Sebaceous Glands
Oil Glands whose ducts open into hair follicles
• Secrete SEBUM that lubricates skin
• Found everywhere but palms & soles; When sebum
hardens & the duct becomes clog, a comedo is formed

35. OPEN COMEDO
Sebum hardens & the duct becomes
clogged; black head; hair follicle filled
with dead keratinized cells & sebum

36. CLOSED COMEDO
Filled with dead cells & sebum; small surface follicle
opening; appears white & just under the skin surface

37. • Acne vulgaris-skin disorder characterized by chronic
inflammation of the SEBACEOUS glands
• Retained secretions & the bacteria
• ( PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ; technical term:
P. Acnes )
ACNE

38. PAPULE PUSTULE
• Pimple
• Small elevation on the
skin
• Contains no fluid but
may develop pus
• Raised
• Inflamed papule with a white
/yellow center
• Contains pus- referred to as
the head

39. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
SHAPES
• Sensation
• Heat regulation
• Absorption
• Protection
• Excretion
• Secretion

40. Skin disorder, fatigue, stress, depression & disease can be caused by
unhealthy diet or improper hydration
For cell repair &
replacement
Run every function on the
body
Hormones,
sebum &
absorption of
fat soluble of fat
soluble
vitamins A, D,
E, K
50-70 % of body's weight; needed
for EVERY function

41. USDA developed a program to help determine the
amount of food they need to eat from the 5 basic food
groups

42. DIETARY GUIDELINES

43. Protects skin from
suns UV light
Improves elasticity
& thickness; overall
health of skin
Accelerates skin
healing; fights aging
Promotes rapid
healing
VITAMINS play an
important role in skins
health
13 Essential vitamins:
A,C,D,E,K & B-Complex
vitamins
A,D,E,K- fat soluble
C, B-complex- water
soluble (body uses and
loses easily - replenish!)

44. • What does the Sebaceous gland secrete?
• Where do we NOT have them?
• What is the purpose of the Sudoriferous
gland?
• What is the difference between an open and
closed comedo?
• What bacteria is responsible for acne?
• What does SHAPES stand for?
• Since what we put in our bodies reflects in
our hair, skin and nails- what are some tips
to keep our skin/body healthy?