This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a common environmental policy framework for the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It begins by providing background on environmental policy and issues facing the region, including problems like land degradation, pollution, and natural resource depletion. It then examines existing legal and institutional arrangements for environmental policy implementation across states in the zone. The paper proposes coordinating these institutions under a common set of environmental goals for the region. Finally, it outlines a possible policy cycle that could be used, beginning with problem identification, setting the policy agenda, developing proposals, implementation, and evaluation. The goal is to establish an integrated environmental policy that addresses issues in a holistic way and encourages stakeholder participation across the South-

1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222
Vol.3, No.5, 2013
Evolving a Common Environmental Policy Framework in the South
South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria.
Okpiliya F. I
1&2&3
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. E
3
Department of Curriculum and Teaching, University of Calabar. Nigeria
Abstract
This paper is simply a proposition for an ideal environmental policy tenable for a geographical entity that has a
common environmental problem, cultural affinity and a unique socio
x-rays some existing legal and institutional arrangements for
proposes an environmental policy pathway which could be adopted to suit the different entities that make up the
South South geopolitical zone. The paper finally provides a framework for a common env
awareness and control in the area.
Key words: Environment, Policy, Framework, Institution, Cycle.
Introduction
Environmental policy essentially refers to official rules and regulations concerning the environment that are
adopted, implemented, and enforced by some governmental agency, as well as the general public opinion about
environmental issues. In a democratic setting, environmental policies are usually established through negotiations
and compromise. Sometimes, this wrangling
resulting policy serves the interest of the majority.
A background to any environmental policy tenable in any society points to the fact that modern man is seen
to be a paradox of extremes. He does not confine himself to situations that can continuously warrant his surgeon on
the earth’s surface. Because of his actions, he is finding himself in the web of environmental crisis. All over the faces
of the earth man is seen to possess u
indignity of poverty and ignorance. He has conquered space, but on earth he is unable to overcome conflicts and
inequities. Man’s mastery of science and technology gives him unprece
“threatened” as at no time since his planetary home first gave him warmth and shelter (Strong. 1972).
It should be noted that man’s capacity to destroy is of course most dramatically manifested in his possession
of the techniques of mass destruction
environmental issues has revealed the more subtle but no less dangerous risk he faces from the uncontrolled use or
misuse of natural resources and the technologies of production. It is an issue that transcends political boundaries such
as states and Local Government Areas. It is suffice to state here that since environmental crisis have trans
effects the success of any environmental pol
states that make up the geographical zone such as the South South zone comprising Cross River, Akwa
Bayelsa, Delta and Edo States.
In the South South geopolitical zone o
land, depletions of forest reserves, pollution of land, air and water supplies, flood, erosion, drought, biodiversity loss
and ozone layer depletion are prevalent. Both human and economi
on how the forces that generate these problems can be controlled.
Existing Legal and Institutional Arrangement
A useful starting point in discussing institutional arrangements for the implementation of enviro
policies and programmes in the South South is to first of all examine very briefly the existing arrangements for
dealing with environmental problems. At the various state levels in the zone, different organizations ranging from the
ministry of Environment, health, works, to boards or committees are responsible for the environmental clean
Each of these organizations has different goals in its environmental missions, and it seems to me that at least one way
of dealing with disparate goals as evid
arrangement that would co-ordinate and inter
zonal reference point for policy programmes on the env
Therefore, the activities of the various institutions concerned with the environment must be co
some common purpose and zonal goals. The idea is that while individual institutions and org
different activities or sub-goals within the framework of the zonal environmental objectives these activities are
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
55
Evolving a Common Environmental Policy Framework in the South
South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria.
Okpiliya F. I1
, Atu Joy.E and Ushie, Christiana A2
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. E
fetiongokpiliya@yahoo.com
Department of Curriculum and Teaching, University of Calabar. Nigeria
n for an ideal environmental policy tenable for a geographical entity that has a
common environmental problem, cultural affinity and a unique socio-cultural and political background. The article
rays some existing legal and institutional arrangements for environmental policy implementation in the area. It also
proposes an environmental policy pathway which could be adopted to suit the different entities that make up the
South South geopolitical zone. The paper finally provides a framework for a common env
Environment, Policy, Framework, Institution, Cycle.
Environmental policy essentially refers to official rules and regulations concerning the environment that are
implemented, and enforced by some governmental agency, as well as the general public opinion about
environmental issues. In a democratic setting, environmental policies are usually established through negotiations
and compromise. Sometimes, this wrangling can take decades. Theoretically, it allow all voices to be heard, and the
resulting policy serves the interest of the majority.
A background to any environmental policy tenable in any society points to the fact that modern man is seen
extremes. He does not confine himself to situations that can continuously warrant his surgeon on
the earth’s surface. Because of his actions, he is finding himself in the web of environmental crisis. All over the faces
of the earth man is seen to possess untold knowledge and wealth, but these have brought no universal end to the
indignity of poverty and ignorance. He has conquered space, but on earth he is unable to overcome conflicts and
inequities. Man’s mastery of science and technology gives him unprecedented power, but his living environment is
“threatened” as at no time since his planetary home first gave him warmth and shelter (Strong. 1972).
It should be noted that man’s capacity to destroy is of course most dramatically manifested in his possession
of the techniques of mass destruction-biological and nuclear warfare. But the relatively recent emergence of the
environmental issues has revealed the more subtle but no less dangerous risk he faces from the uncontrolled use or
and the technologies of production. It is an issue that transcends political boundaries such
as states and Local Government Areas. It is suffice to state here that since environmental crisis have trans
effects the success of any environmental policy must wear an integrative outlook-taking into cognizance the various
states that make up the geographical zone such as the South South zone comprising Cross River, Akwa
In the South South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, damaging conditions such as increasing salinity of fertile
land, depletions of forest reserves, pollution of land, air and water supplies, flood, erosion, drought, biodiversity loss
and ozone layer depletion are prevalent. Both human and economic developments of the South South zone depend
on how the forces that generate these problems can be controlled.
Existing Legal and Institutional Arrangement
A useful starting point in discussing institutional arrangements for the implementation of enviro
policies and programmes in the South South is to first of all examine very briefly the existing arrangements for
dealing with environmental problems. At the various state levels in the zone, different organizations ranging from the
ronment, health, works, to boards or committees are responsible for the environmental clean
Each of these organizations has different goals in its environmental missions, and it seems to me that at least one way
of dealing with disparate goals as evident in the activities of the institutions is to create or establish an institutional
ordinate and inter-phase among the different institutions and organizations and serve as a
zonal reference point for policy programmes on the environment. The environment must be seen as a whole.
Therefore, the activities of the various institutions concerned with the environment must be co
some common purpose and zonal goals. The idea is that while individual institutions and org
goals within the framework of the zonal environmental objectives these activities are
www.iiste.org
Evolving a Common Environmental Policy Framework in the South
South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria.
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. E-mail Address:
Department of Curriculum and Teaching, University of Calabar. Nigeria
n for an ideal environmental policy tenable for a geographical entity that has a
cultural and political background. The article
environmental policy implementation in the area. It also
proposes an environmental policy pathway which could be adopted to suit the different entities that make up the
South South geopolitical zone. The paper finally provides a framework for a common environmental policy
Environmental policy essentially refers to official rules and regulations concerning the environment that are
implemented, and enforced by some governmental agency, as well as the general public opinion about
environmental issues. In a democratic setting, environmental policies are usually established through negotiations
can take decades. Theoretically, it allow all voices to be heard, and the
A background to any environmental policy tenable in any society points to the fact that modern man is seen
extremes. He does not confine himself to situations that can continuously warrant his surgeon on
the earth’s surface. Because of his actions, he is finding himself in the web of environmental crisis. All over the faces
ntold knowledge and wealth, but these have brought no universal end to the
indignity of poverty and ignorance. He has conquered space, but on earth he is unable to overcome conflicts and
dented power, but his living environment is
“threatened” as at no time since his planetary home first gave him warmth and shelter (Strong. 1972).
It should be noted that man’s capacity to destroy is of course most dramatically manifested in his possession
biological and nuclear warfare. But the relatively recent emergence of the
environmental issues has revealed the more subtle but no less dangerous risk he faces from the uncontrolled use or
and the technologies of production. It is an issue that transcends political boundaries such
as states and Local Government Areas. It is suffice to state here that since environmental crisis have trans-boundary
taking into cognizance the various
states that make up the geographical zone such as the South South zone comprising Cross River, Akwa-Ibom, Rivers,
f Nigeria, damaging conditions such as increasing salinity of fertile
land, depletions of forest reserves, pollution of land, air and water supplies, flood, erosion, drought, biodiversity loss
c developments of the South South zone depend
A useful starting point in discussing institutional arrangements for the implementation of environmental
policies and programmes in the South South is to first of all examine very briefly the existing arrangements for
dealing with environmental problems. At the various state levels in the zone, different organizations ranging from the
ronment, health, works, to boards or committees are responsible for the environmental clean-ups.
Each of these organizations has different goals in its environmental missions, and it seems to me that at least one way
ent in the activities of the institutions is to create or establish an institutional
phase among the different institutions and organizations and serve as a
ironment. The environment must be seen as a whole.
Therefore, the activities of the various institutions concerned with the environment must be co-ordinated towards
some common purpose and zonal goals. The idea is that while individual institutions and organizations pursue their
goals within the framework of the zonal environmental objectives these activities are

2. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222
Vol.3, No.5, 2013
integrated by a common criterion of the zonal goals, which in this case is the improvement of the quality of the
environment. The establishment of a co
level would make it easier for the public to know where to go with their complaints. The co
the state and zonal levels would also effectively encourage interest groups to support government’s policy and
programmes. To achieve this desirable objective of a co
environmental policy in both the states and the zonal level,
such an institution and the provision of sufficient budgetary allocation for their implementation can not be
overemphasised.
The goals of such a co-ordinating environmental policy in the South Sou
(a) Secure for all people in the South South a quality environment adequate for their health and well
(b) Conserve and use the environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future
generations.
(c) Restore, maintain and en
biosphere and for the preservation of biological diversity and to adopt the principle of optimum
sustainable yield in the use of natural resources and ecosystem.
(d) Raise public awareness and promote understanding of essential linkages between environment and
development and to encourage individual and community participation in environmental improvement
efforts.
(e) Cooperate in good faith with other geopolitical, international organi
optimal use of trans-boundary natural resources and effective prevention abatement of trans
environmental pollution.
Possible Environmental Policy Cycle in the South South Zone
In the south south geopolitical
debate. Here problems are identified and acted upon in a policy cycle that acts to continually define and refine the
public agenda. The public should be adequately intimated of a
environment. They should be stakeholders in game of the discussion of any policy regarding them.
The first stage in this process of having a common
identification. Sometimes, the respective government of the south south identifies environmental issues for groups or
their citizens that have no voice or don’t recognize problems themselves. In other cases, the public identifies a
problem such as loss of biodiversity, flood, erosion and pollution, and demands redress by the government. In either
case, proponents describe the issue
preferred course of action.
Seizing the initiative in issue identification often allows a group to define terms, set the agenda, organize
stakeholders, choose tactics, aggregate related issues, and legitimate (or delegitimized) issues and actors. It can be a
great advantage to set the format or choose
preferred policy options, often in the form of legislative proposals or administrative rules. Proponents build support
for their position through media campaigns, public education,
following the legislative or administrative processes through its many steps, interest groups ensure that their proposal
finally get enacted into law or established as a rule or regulation.
The next step is implementation, ideally, government agencies will faithfully carry out policy directives as
they organize bureaucracies, provide services, and enforce rules and regulations, but often, it takes continued
monitoring to make sure the system works as it should.
establishing them in the first place. Measuring impacts on target and non
intended goals, principles, and course of action are being attained. Finally, sug
considered that will make the policy fairer or more effective.
There are different routes by which this environmental policy cycle should be carried out. Special economic
interest groups, such as industry associations, la
often want) much public attention or support for their policy initiatives. They generally carry out the steps of issue
identification, agenda setting and proposal development privately becaus
administrative processes directly through their contacts with decision makers. Public interest groups, on the other
hand, often lack direct access to corridors of power and need to rally broad general support to legitima
proposals. An important method for getting their interests on the table is to attract media attention. Organizing a
dramatic protest or media event can generate a lot of free publicity. Announcing some dire threat or sensational claim
is a good way to gain attention. The problem is that it takes ever
yourself heard in the flood of shocking news with which we are bombarded every day. Ironically, many groups that
bemoan the overload of rhetorical ove
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
56
integrated by a common criterion of the zonal goals, which in this case is the improvement of the quality of the
onment. The establishment of a co-ordinating institutional arrangement both at the state and South South zonal
level would make it easier for the public to know where to go with their complaints. The co
would also effectively encourage interest groups to support government’s policy and
programmes. To achieve this desirable objective of a co-ordinating institutional arrangement for an effective
environmental policy in both the states and the zonal level, the desirability of a clear definition of the functions of
such an institution and the provision of sufficient budgetary allocation for their implementation can not be
ordinating environmental policy in the South South zone may include:
Secure for all people in the South South a quality environment adequate for their health and well
Conserve and use the environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future
Restore, maintain and enhance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the function of the
biosphere and for the preservation of biological diversity and to adopt the principle of optimum
sustainable yield in the use of natural resources and ecosystem.
wareness and promote understanding of essential linkages between environment and
development and to encourage individual and community participation in environmental improvement
Cooperate in good faith with other geopolitical, international organizations and agencies to achieve
boundary natural resources and effective prevention abatement of trans
environmental pollution.
Possible Environmental Policy Cycle in the South South Zone
In the south south geopolitical zone, environmental policies should be able to find their way into the public
debate. Here problems are identified and acted upon in a policy cycle that acts to continually define and refine the
public agenda. The public should be adequately intimated of any issue concerning their existence in that particular
environment. They should be stakeholders in game of the discussion of any policy regarding them.
The first stage in this process of having a common environmental policy in the south south is problem
dentification. Sometimes, the respective government of the south south identifies environmental issues for groups or
their citizens that have no voice or don’t recognize problems themselves. In other cases, the public identifies a
iodiversity, flood, erosion and pollution, and demands redress by the government. In either
case, proponents describe the issue – either privately or publicly and characterise the risks and benefits of their
ive in issue identification often allows a group to define terms, set the agenda, organize
stakeholders, choose tactics, aggregate related issues, and legitimate (or delegitimized) issues and actors. It can be a
great advantage to set the format or choose the location of a debate. Next, stakeholders should develop proposals for
preferred policy options, often in the form of legislative proposals or administrative rules. Proponents build support
for their position through media campaigns, public education, and personal lobbying of decisions makers. By
following the legislative or administrative processes through its many steps, interest groups ensure that their proposal
finally get enacted into law or established as a rule or regulation.
plementation, ideally, government agencies will faithfully carry out policy directives as
they organize bureaucracies, provide services, and enforce rules and regulations, but often, it takes continued
monitoring to make sure the system works as it should. Evaluating the result of policy decisions is as important as
establishing them in the first place. Measuring impacts on target and non-target population shows us whether the
intended goals, principles, and course of action are being attained. Finally, suggested changes or adjustments are
considered that will make the policy fairer or more effective.
There are different routes by which this environmental policy cycle should be carried out. Special economic
interest groups, such as industry associations, labour unions, or wealthy and powerful individuals, don’t need (or
often want) much public attention or support for their policy initiatives. They generally carry out the steps of issue
identification, agenda setting and proposal development privately because they can influence legislative or
administrative processes directly through their contacts with decision makers. Public interest groups, on the other
hand, often lack direct access to corridors of power and need to rally broad general support to legitima
proposals. An important method for getting their interests on the table is to attract media attention. Organizing a
dramatic protest or media event can generate a lot of free publicity. Announcing some dire threat or sensational claim
y to gain attention. The problem is that it takes ever-increasing levels of hysteria and hyperbole to get
yourself heard in the flood of shocking news with which we are bombarded every day. Ironically, many groups that
bemoan the overload of rhetorical over statement that engulfs us contribute to it to be heard above the din.
www.iiste.org
integrated by a common criterion of the zonal goals, which in this case is the improvement of the quality of the
ordinating institutional arrangement both at the state and South South zonal
level would make it easier for the public to know where to go with their complaints. The co-ordinating institutions at
would also effectively encourage interest groups to support government’s policy and
ordinating institutional arrangement for an effective
the desirability of a clear definition of the functions of
such an institution and the provision of sufficient budgetary allocation for their implementation can not be
th zone may include:
Secure for all people in the South South a quality environment adequate for their health and well-being.
Conserve and use the environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future
hance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the function of the
biosphere and for the preservation of biological diversity and to adopt the principle of optimum
wareness and promote understanding of essential linkages between environment and
development and to encourage individual and community participation in environmental improvement
zations and agencies to achieve
boundary natural resources and effective prevention abatement of trans-boundary
zone, environmental policies should be able to find their way into the public
debate. Here problems are identified and acted upon in a policy cycle that acts to continually define and refine the
ny issue concerning their existence in that particular
environment. They should be stakeholders in game of the discussion of any policy regarding them.
environmental policy in the south south is problem
dentification. Sometimes, the respective government of the south south identifies environmental issues for groups or
their citizens that have no voice or don’t recognize problems themselves. In other cases, the public identifies a
iodiversity, flood, erosion and pollution, and demands redress by the government. In either
either privately or publicly and characterise the risks and benefits of their
ive in issue identification often allows a group to define terms, set the agenda, organize
stakeholders, choose tactics, aggregate related issues, and legitimate (or delegitimized) issues and actors. It can be a
the location of a debate. Next, stakeholders should develop proposals for
preferred policy options, often in the form of legislative proposals or administrative rules. Proponents build support
and personal lobbying of decisions makers. By
following the legislative or administrative processes through its many steps, interest groups ensure that their proposal
plementation, ideally, government agencies will faithfully carry out policy directives as
they organize bureaucracies, provide services, and enforce rules and regulations, but often, it takes continued
Evaluating the result of policy decisions is as important as
target population shows us whether the
gested changes or adjustments are
There are different routes by which this environmental policy cycle should be carried out. Special economic
bour unions, or wealthy and powerful individuals, don’t need (or
often want) much public attention or support for their policy initiatives. They generally carry out the steps of issue
e they can influence legislative or
administrative processes directly through their contacts with decision makers. Public interest groups, on the other
hand, often lack direct access to corridors of power and need to rally broad general support to legitimate their
proposals. An important method for getting their interests on the table is to attract media attention. Organizing a
dramatic protest or media event can generate a lot of free publicity. Announcing some dire threat or sensational claim
increasing levels of hysteria and hyperbole to get
yourself heard in the flood of shocking news with which we are bombarded every day. Ironically, many groups that
r statement that engulfs us contribute to it to be heard above the din.

3. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222
Vol.3, No.5, 2013
It should also be noted that the best environmental policies that may be attainable in the South
South geopolitical zone should not fall short of economic, e
considerations (see figure 2).
Suggest changes
Evaluate result
Implement policy
Figure 1: Recommended Environmental Policy
Pathways (after Cunningham et at, 2004).
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
57
It should also be noted that the best environmental policies that may be attainable in the South
South geopolitical zone should not fall short of economic, ecological and socio
Identify
problem
Set agenda
Develop proposals
Build support
Enact law or
rule
Figure 1: Recommended Environmental Policy
Pathways (after Cunningham et at, 2004).
www.iiste.org
It should also be noted that the best environmental policies that may be attainable in the South
cological and socio-cultural
et agenda
Develop proposals
Build support

4. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222
Vol.3, No.5, 2013
Figure 2: Environmental Policy Considerations.
Framework for a Common Environmental Policy Awareness and Control
The utility or value of an informed and conscious publi
undisputable. There is the need to develop in the South South zone an information system and programme of
research and dissemination of facts about our environment to the public.
The key demand here is fo
environmental line of action to assist develop better attitudes and values to the environment. This has to be done by
financing appropriate medium and lay language for describing various as
problems because of technical complexities. At this level, a framework is now put in place for a zonal information
system and programme of public enlightenment and information dissemination for environmental problem co
Here, four steps may be recommended.
The first step is to develop research and information on various aspects of environmental problems in the
south South geopolitical zone; the contributions of industry, individual attitudes and other activities
done by specialised research institutions, investigative media reporters, monitoring units and environmental pressure
groups. This may be followed by the public information dissemination system so as to erode the problems of
environmental ignorance. Institutions such as schools, churches, mosques, other religious bodies and the media could
be used as agents of information dissemination. As Moemaka (1973, p.95) quite rightly argued in talking about the
role of the media; “the mass media sh
management and conservation and try to elicit attitudes that will enable the ecosystems to function beneficially”.
The third stage that may be required here is the evolution of environmen
programmes adopted should reflect public opinion and research findings on acceptable limits of environmental
hazards and these should in turn be reflected in appropriate edicts and bye
public through the medium earlier stated. Finally, the job of implementation should be viewed as a challenge to all
citizens of the South South while the technicalities of enforcement are handled by a relevant autonomous
commission for environmental protection and preservation whose activities are publicised, and monitored through
research and legislative checks. By all these means, the disposition and commitment of people towards
Ecosystem
health
Policies
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
58
Figure 2: Environmental Policy Considerations.
Framework for a Common Environmental Policy Awareness and Control
The utility or value of an informed and conscious public in effective environmental policy is glaring and
the need to develop in the South South zone an information system and programme of
research and dissemination of facts about our environment to the public.
The key demand here is for on going South South zonal researches on public understanding of
environmental line of action to assist develop better attitudes and values to the environment. This has to be done by
financing appropriate medium and lay language for describing various aspects and the nature of environmental
problems because of technical complexities. At this level, a framework is now put in place for a zonal information
system and programme of public enlightenment and information dissemination for environmental problem co
Here, four steps may be recommended.
The first step is to develop research and information on various aspects of environmental problems in the
south South geopolitical zone; the contributions of industry, individual attitudes and other activities
done by specialised research institutions, investigative media reporters, monitoring units and environmental pressure
groups. This may be followed by the public information dissemination system so as to erode the problems of
l ignorance. Institutions such as schools, churches, mosques, other religious bodies and the media could
be used as agents of information dissemination. As Moemaka (1973, p.95) quite rightly argued in talking about the
role of the media; “the mass media should strive to erode those attitudes harmful to sound environmental
management and conservation and try to elicit attitudes that will enable the ecosystems to function beneficially”.
The third stage that may be required here is the evolution of environmental policy measures. Policies and
programmes adopted should reflect public opinion and research findings on acceptable limits of environmental
hazards and these should in turn be reflected in appropriate edicts and bye-laws which also are disseminated to t
public through the medium earlier stated. Finally, the job of implementation should be viewed as a challenge to all
citizens of the South South while the technicalities of enforcement are handled by a relevant autonomous
tection and preservation whose activities are publicised, and monitored through
research and legislative checks. By all these means, the disposition and commitment of people towards
Ecosystem
health
Policies
Human
needs
policies
Sustainable
economic
Policies
Environmental
policies
www.iiste.org
c in effective environmental policy is glaring and
the need to develop in the South South zone an information system and programme of
r on going South South zonal researches on public understanding of
environmental line of action to assist develop better attitudes and values to the environment. This has to be done by
pects and the nature of environmental
problems because of technical complexities. At this level, a framework is now put in place for a zonal information
system and programme of public enlightenment and information dissemination for environmental problem control.
The first step is to develop research and information on various aspects of environmental problems in the
south South geopolitical zone; the contributions of industry, individual attitudes and other activities and this could be
done by specialised research institutions, investigative media reporters, monitoring units and environmental pressure
groups. This may be followed by the public information dissemination system so as to erode the problems of
l ignorance. Institutions such as schools, churches, mosques, other religious bodies and the media could
be used as agents of information dissemination. As Moemaka (1973, p.95) quite rightly argued in talking about the
ould strive to erode those attitudes harmful to sound environmental
management and conservation and try to elicit attitudes that will enable the ecosystems to function beneficially”.
tal policy measures. Policies and
programmes adopted should reflect public opinion and research findings on acceptable limits of environmental
laws which also are disseminated to the
public through the medium earlier stated. Finally, the job of implementation should be viewed as a challenge to all
citizens of the South South while the technicalities of enforcement are handled by a relevant autonomous
tection and preservation whose activities are publicised, and monitored through
research and legislative checks. By all these means, the disposition and commitment of people towards

5. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222
Vol.3, No.5, 2013
environmental matters would be heightened. In fact, the establishment of m
industries and the taxation of the profit of multinational companies for environmental quality improvement is a sin
qua-non of an effective environmental policy in the South South zone of Nigeria.
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
59
environmental matters would be heightened. In fact, the establishment of monitoring and control units in major
industries and the taxation of the profit of multinational companies for environmental quality improvement is a sin
non of an effective environmental policy in the South South zone of Nigeria.
www.iiste.org
onitoring and control units in major
industries and the taxation of the profit of multinational companies for environmental quality improvement is a sin

6. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
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Vol.3, No.5, 2013
Conclusion
A cursory glance at a map, a university curriculum, or a government organization chart will confirm that man
has a remarkable capacity for establishing arbitrary boundaries. Moreover, he has usually claimed a degree of
sovereignty within those boundaries which he
continue to believe that we could reasonably afford our independent behaviour except for the recent “discovery” that
the human environment is not only a complex but also a finite system. Enviro
the harmful effects of man’s activities on his environment, challenge our exclusiveness and affect our existing
territorial, disciplinary, and institutional boundaries simple because they transcend them. Of the many
taken into account in dealing with environmental problems two have particular importance: the identification of the
geographical level (such as the South South geopolitical) at which action can effectively be taken and the choice of
the appropriate legal and institutional instruments to be employed.
References
Chokor B. A. (1988) “Environmental Awareness and Effective Environmental and Pollution control” in P. O Sada
and F. O Odemerho Environments Issues and Management in Nigeria Developme
Ibadan. Pp 325-338.
Chokor B. A. (1993) Government Policy and Environmental Protection in Developing World. Environmental
Management, 17: 15-30
Cunningham W. P M. A Cunningham (2004), Principles of Environmental Science McGraw Hill
Strong F. M (1972), “United Nations and Environment” in David A Key and E. B Skonikoff world Ecocrisis.
University press. Madison pp 3
Moemaka, A. (1983) “Mass Media and Environmental Education” in Nwuneli O. E and Opubor A (Eds)
Environmental Awareness for Media Practitioners: A Nigeria Workshop, Lagos. FMHE. pp 95
Ukpong, E. (2004), “Introduction to Nigeria’s Environmental Policy” Environmental Systems club Inc. Uyo 99 535
555.
Ukpong, E. (2004), Perspectives on Environmental Management.
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences
1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
60
ry glance at a map, a university curriculum, or a government organization chart will confirm that man
has a remarkable capacity for establishing arbitrary boundaries. Moreover, he has usually claimed a degree of
sovereignty within those boundaries which he would energetically defend and, if possible, extend. We would
continue to believe that we could reasonably afford our independent behaviour except for the recent “discovery” that
the human environment is not only a complex but also a finite system. Environmental problems, or, more particularly,
the harmful effects of man’s activities on his environment, challenge our exclusiveness and affect our existing
territorial, disciplinary, and institutional boundaries simple because they transcend them. Of the many
taken into account in dealing with environmental problems two have particular importance: the identification of the
geographical level (such as the South South geopolitical) at which action can effectively be taken and the choice of
opriate legal and institutional instruments to be employed.
Chokor B. A. (1988) “Environmental Awareness and Effective Environmental and Pollution control” in P. O Sada
and F. O Odemerho Environments Issues and Management in Nigeria Developme
Chokor B. A. (1993) Government Policy and Environmental Protection in Developing World. Environmental
Cunningham W. P M. A Cunningham (2004), Principles of Environmental Science McGraw Hill
Strong F. M (1972), “United Nations and Environment” in David A Key and E. B Skonikoff world Ecocrisis.
University press. Madison pp 3-8.
Moemaka, A. (1983) “Mass Media and Environmental Education” in Nwuneli O. E and Opubor A (Eds)
l Awareness for Media Practitioners: A Nigeria Workshop, Lagos. FMHE. pp 95
Ukpong, E. (2004), “Introduction to Nigeria’s Environmental Policy” Environmental Systems club Inc. Uyo 99 535
Ukpong, E. (2004), Perspectives on Environmental Management. Environmental Systems club Inc. Uyo.
www.iiste.org
ry glance at a map, a university curriculum, or a government organization chart will confirm that man
has a remarkable capacity for establishing arbitrary boundaries. Moreover, he has usually claimed a degree of
would energetically defend and, if possible, extend. We would
continue to believe that we could reasonably afford our independent behaviour except for the recent “discovery” that
nmental problems, or, more particularly,
the harmful effects of man’s activities on his environment, challenge our exclusiveness and affect our existing
territorial, disciplinary, and institutional boundaries simple because they transcend them. Of the many factors to be
taken into account in dealing with environmental problems two have particular importance: the identification of the
geographical level (such as the South South geopolitical) at which action can effectively be taken and the choice of
Chokor B. A. (1988) “Environmental Awareness and Effective Environmental and Pollution control” in P. O Sada
and F. O Odemerho Environments Issues and Management in Nigeria Development. Evans Brokers Ltd,
Chokor B. A. (1993) Government Policy and Environmental Protection in Developing World. Environmental
Cunningham W. P M. A Cunningham (2004), Principles of Environmental Science McGraw Hill, New York
Strong F. M (1972), “United Nations and Environment” in David A Key and E. B Skonikoff world Ecocrisis.
Moemaka, A. (1983) “Mass Media and Environmental Education” in Nwuneli O. E and Opubor A (Eds)
l Awareness for Media Practitioners: A Nigeria Workshop, Lagos. FMHE. pp 95
Ukpong, E. (2004), “Introduction to Nigeria’s Environmental Policy” Environmental Systems club Inc. Uyo 99 535-
Environmental Systems club Inc. Uyo.

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