the presentation is limited to corporate interiors only.

1. PLUMBING
The system of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other apparatus required for the water supply,
heating, and sanitation in a building.
By:
Akshay Bhatia

2. Purpose of plumbing
Plumbing work falls under eight different areas:
• Water supply
• Gas fitting
• Sanitary
• Roofing (rain water)
• Drainage
• Mechanical services (heating, cooling & ventilation)
• Fire protection
• Irrigation

3. Plumbing fixture
• A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device
which can be connected to a plumbing system to
deliver and drain water.
• Plumbing fixtures are divided into following
classes:
• Water Closets
• Urinals
• Wash besin
• Sinks
• Service Sinks
• Bath tubs
• Showers
• Drinking Fountains
• Bidets

4. Water Closet:
• A WC is a plumbing fixture primarily intended for
the disposal of human waste by using water to
flush it through a drainpipe to the main sewer stack.
• Types:
• Squat toilets: The most common toilet in used in our
nation is the Squat toilets, in which water carries the
waste into sewers.
• Flush toilets: The most common design in western
countries is the sitting toilet. Flush Toilet are still used
by the majority of the world's population.
Squat toilet
Flush toilet

5. Components of water closet
• The toilets have three essential parts:
• The bowl
• Tank
• Pipelines
• In the tank stores the clean water and when you
push the chain the water go out and enter for
the pipelines
TANKBOWLPIPELINES

6. Classification
Classification On The Basis Of Pans
• Wall hung
• P trap
• Concealed piping
• Space saving
• Floor mounted
• Both S and P traps

7. Classification on the basis of seat
Seat With
Cover
Without
Footrest
With
Footrest
Combination
Closet

8. Classification On The Basis Of Flushing Cistern
Manual flushing system
• It injects pressurized water into
the bowl and only take a few seconds
to flush when operated.
• Maintenance easier
• Allows adjustment of water to an
ideal level to ensure water saving
• Chain pull
• Pushbutton
• Handle
Types:
• Concealed cistern
• Attached cistern
• Separate cistern
Concealed cistern Attached cistern Separate cistern

9. Classification On The Basis Of Flushing Cistern
Auto Flush
• Adjustable water settings that can
reduce water consumption by
50%
• Infrared Technology
• Optional Pre-Flush
• Automatic flushing system

10. Working of water closet
• Water in the tank,
• vacuum tank and bowl are at
their maximum water level,
• When flush is activated, tank
water passes through the
outlet into the bowl rim.
• As water rushes into the
bowl from the rim, water
passes down the trap,
sealing the air vent.
• After few seconds, tank is empty,
valve is closed and refill begins.
• At the same time, water
discharges from the vacuum
tank, creating a vacuum in the
upper portion of the passage way.
• This vacuum draws water from
the bowl into the trap way.

11. Working of water closet cont…
• After all water has passed
through the rim, air is
vacuumed into the trap way.
• The vacuum tank refills, air
is forced down the vacuum
tube into the lower passage.
• Toilet is now prepared for
next flush

12. Urinals
• A Urinal is a specialized toilet for urinating
into. It has the form of a container or simply a
wall, with drainage and automatic or manual
flushing.
• Classification
• Bowl
• Stall urinal
• Bowl urinal
• squatting
• Flush
• Hands free- electronic
sensor based
• Manual

13. Bowls
Stall urinal Bowl urinal
Squatting

14. Flush urinals (manual)
Flush is operated mannually

15. Flush urinals (automatic)
• These urinals will flush automatically through
infrared detection units.
• Urinal flusher will flush 0.5 – 1.0 Liter post
operation
• Water pressure should between 0.3 Mpa and
0.6 Mpa
• Its 4AA alkaline batteries can be used for two
years at 150 cycles a day.
• With concealed installation design, the wall
should be deeper than 10 cm.

16. Wash basin (lavatory)
• A wash basin is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture
used for washing hands or other purposes.
• Wash basins generally have taps (faucets) that
supply hot and cold water and may include a
spray feature to be used for faster rinsing.
• The top of the basin must be at a height of 800-
900mm.
• Edge to edge distance between two basins must
be 200mm.
• Materials: Ceramic, Acrylic, Stainless steel

17. Pedestal
Types
Wall hung Over counter Under counter

18. Sinks
• A sink is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used
for dishwashing or other purposes.
• Sinks generally have taps (faucets) that supply
hot and cold water.
• The average depth of sink is 200-250mm while
the total range can be mm-mm.
• The sink must be at a level of 725-825mm from
the ground
• Depth of sink must be 200-250mm.
• Materials: Stainless Steel, Fireclay, Natural
Stone, Copper etc.

19. Accessories

20. Traps
• Traps are defined as fittings at the end of soil
pipes of waste pipes to prevent foul gases
coming out of the soil pipe/ waste pipe.
• The depth of a Trap Seal would depend upon the
usage of a pipe. The trap seal varies from 25 to
75 mm deep.
• Traps attached to sinks, washing machines, and
other draining appliances are called p-traps if
they drain through a wall or s-traps if they
drain through the floor.

21. Classification of Traps
• Depending upon the shapes the traps are classified as:
• P-Trap
• Q-Trap
• S-Trap

22. P-Traps
• P-trap is installed under the sinks
in the bathroom and kitchens
• A P-trap is a plumbing fixture that
traps debris that has drained from
the sink and prevents it from
forming a clog deep within the
plumbing system, and to stops
sewer gases from passing into the
building.

23. Q-Traps
• This trap is used in toilet under
water closet. It is almost similar to S
trap and is used in upper story
other than ground floor.

24. S-Traps
• The "S" shape traps water so that
odours from the sewer don't come up
through the drain.
• A second and only slight benefit from
the shape is that it can trap heavier
objects, such as rings, that fall into
the drain.

25. Bottle trap
• Bottle trap means a trap that retains water in a closed chamber and that seals the water
by submerging the inlet pipe in the liquids or by a partition submerged in the liquids.

26. Nahani trap
• This trap is provided in the floor to
collect waste water from washbasin,
shower, sink and bathroom etc.
• These are available in cast iron or
UPVC material and have removable
grating (JALI) on the top of the trap.
• The minimum depth of water seal
should be 50 mm

27. Pipes
• A pipe is a tube, frequently made of plastic or metal, that carries pressurized
and treated fresh water to a building as well as inside the building.
• There are two families of materials available for water pipework systems: metallic
and non-metallic materials.
• Materials for pipe
• PVC and iron are the most common materials used.
• Other materials are: CPVC, copper,
• In plumbing, pipes are used for
• Water supply,
• Water drainage,
• Carry human waste.

28. Sizes of pipes
• Pipe size varies from 3-300mm in
dia.
• The pipe used in interiors for water
supply is 12 or 20mm in dia.
• Pipe used for drainage is 110mm
dia.
• Pipe used in urinal and washbasin
drainage is 32mm in dia.

29. Pipe fittings
90* elbow Reducer Tee Tee
Reducer Coupling Coupling
Y-branch
45* elbow offset

30. Faucet
• Faucet is a device by which a flow of
liquid or gas from a pipe or container
can be controlled.
• Faucets can be operated manually
or automatically.
• Faucet maintains the flow pressure at
3/4.1/5.5 bar or 44/60/80 PSI
• Flow is controlled by flow
restrictors.

31. Manually operated faucets
• Manually operated:
• Normal : Opened and closed manually
• Automatic closing: opened manually
and closed automatically
• Automatic (sensor based): opened
and closed automatically Manually operated Sensor based
Auto closing

32. Plow rates of jaguar faucets
3 bar/44 PSI 4.1 bar/60 PSI 5.5 bar/80 PSI
Flow rate in LPM
(jaguar)
2.5 2.65 2.75
6.0 6.1 6.4
8.0 8.2 8.4
13.5 14.4 15.0
3.8 4.1 4.2
1.324 1.4 1.5

33. Cleanouts
• Drain cleanouts provide access to the
sewer for cleaning without disassembling
appliances like toilets or pipes.

34. Thank you