1.
Present
Present
Continuous
Present
Prefect
Present
Perfect
Continuous
Simple
Present

2.
 Verb Conjugation & Spelling
 We form the present tense using the base form of
the infinitive (without the TO).
 In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the
third person.
 The spelling for the verb in the third person
differs depending on the ending of that verb:
 1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -
X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
Subject Verb The Rest of the
sentence
I/you/we/they Speak/learn English at home.
He/she/it Speaks/learns English at home.

3.
 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes
 2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove
the Y and add -IES.
 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries
 NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says

4.
 Negative Sentences in the Simple Present
Tense
 To make a negative sentence in English we
normally use Don’t or Doesn’t with all verbs
EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might,
should etc.).
 Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.
 You will see that we add don't between the
subject and the verb. We use Don't when the
subject is I, you, we or they.
 Affirmative: He speaks German.
Negative: He doesn't speak German.

5.
 When the subject is he, she or it, we add
doesn't between the subject and the verb to
make a negative sentence. Notice that the
letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative
sentence (because it is in third person)
disappears in the negative sentence.
 Word Order of Negative Sentences
 The following is the word order to construct a
basic negative sentence in English in the Present
Tense using Don't or Doesn't.
Subject
don't/doesn't
Verb The Rest of the
sentence
I / you / we / they don't have / buy
eat / like etc.
cereal for
breakfast.
he / she / it doesn't
have / buy
eat / like etc.
cereal for
breakfast.

6.
It is used to denote scientific
facts, universal truths and work
done on daily basis.
Eg.
1. Assertive rule:-
Sub+V1+s/es+ object
 she writes a letter.

7.
Sub + V1 + s/es + object.
Sub + do not/does not + V1 + object
Do/Does + Sub + V1 + Object

8.
Sub + V1 + s/es + object.
She write + s a letter.
Sub + verb1+s + rest of the sentence

9.
 Make some sentences regarding simple present.
 Make a group and each group has to be make
sentences.
 If one group make a sentence of Assertive, then
other group has to convert the sentences into
Negative form and last group has to convert into
Interrogative sentences.

10.
 It is used to express an action taking place at
the time of speaking.
 ASSERTIVE RULE
 sub + (to be) is/am/are + v1 + ing + object
 she is writing a letter.
 2. NEGATIVE RULE
 sub + (to be) is/am/are + not + v1 + ing +
object
Eg. She is not writing a letter.

11.
 AFFIRMATIVE: Play
 I am
m
playing
You are
‘re
playing
We are
‘re
playing
They are
‘re
playing
He is
‘s
playing
She is
‘s
playing
It is
‘s
playing

12.
 INTERROGATIVE: Play NEGATIVE: Play
Am i playing? I am not
‘m not
Are you playing? You are not
Aren’t
playing
Are we playing? We are not
Aren’t
playing
Are they playing? They are not
Aren’t
playing
Is he playing? He is not
isn’t
playing
Is she playing? She is not
isn’t
playing
Is it playing? It is not
isn’t
playing

13.
 Verb + ing: -
 Listen+ing = listening
 Die ( ie y) + ing = dying
 Write + ing = writing
 Travel + l + ing + travelling
 -ing forms
 Beginning = begin + n + ing
 Getting = get + t + ing
 Lie = lying ( ie y) + ing
 Study = study + ing
 Coming = come + ing

14.
 A single, silent e at the end of the word is dropped beforeing.
 example: come – coming
 But: ee at the end of the word is not
changed. example: agree – agreeing
 The final consonant after a short, stressed vowel is
doubledbefore ing. example: sit - sitting
 The final consonant after the second stressed syllable is
doubled
 before ing: example: begin - beginning
 The letter l as final consonant after a vowel is always
doubledbefore ing. example: travel - travelling
 Mind: This applies only for British English; in American English
thereis usually only one l.
 An ie at the end of a word becomes y before ing.
 example: lie - lying

15.
1.(You / come) ___________tonight?
2.I (work) _________at the moment.
3.He (play) __________tennis now.
4.(You / come) _________to the cinema
later?

16.
5. They (not / come)________to the
party tomorrow.
6. He (not / play)__________golf now.
7. (You / play)____________tennis this
Sunday?

17.
 Answers:
1. Are you coming tonight?
2. I am working at the moment.
3. He is playing tennis now.
4. Are you coming to the cinema later?
5. They aren't coming to the party tomorrow.
6. He isn't playing golf now.
7. Are you playing tennis this Sunday?

18.
 Make some sentences regarding present
continuous.
 Make a group and each group has to be make
sentences.
 If one group make a sentence of Assertive, then
other group has to convert the sentences into
Negative form and last group has to convert into
Interrogative sentences.

19.
 The present perfect is used to indicate a link
between present and the past.
 Assertive Rule
 sub + has/have + v3 + object
 Eg. She has written a letter.
 Negative rule
 Sub + has/have + not + v3 + object
 She has not written a letter.

20.
Interrogative Rule
has/have+sub+v3+object+?
Eg. Has she written a letter?
Interrogative Negative Rule
has/have+sub+not+v3+object+?
Eg. Has she not written a letter?

21.
'I have been to Boston.'
Have/has + past participle makes
the present perfect.
She has lost her bag.
They have taken a taxi
I have been to Australia
The present perfect tense is used to
describe something that happened in
the past, but the exact time it
happened is not important. It has a
relationship with the present.

22.
I have done my homework = I finished
my homework in the past. It is not
important at what exact time, only that
it is now done.
I have forgotten my bag. = Exactly
when in the past that I forgot it is not
important. The important thing is that I
don't have it now.
As we do not use exact time expressions
with the past perfect, we cannot say:
I have done my homework yesterday

23.
 In this case we use the past simple tense:
I did my homework yesterday.
 Using already just and yet with the present
perfect
 Already, just and yet can are all used with
the present perfect.
 Already means 'something has happened
sooner than we expected:
'The movie only came out yesterday, but I
have already seen it.'
 Just means 'a short time ago':

24.
 I have just seen your brother going into the bank
with a gun!'
 Yet is only used in questions and negative
sentences. It means 'something is expected to
happen':
'Have you finished the report yet?'
No, I haven't finished it yet.‘

25.
 Now choose the best answer to make the present perfect:
 My parents ___.
retired yet
has retired
have retired
 Your sister ___ my car.
has borrow
have borrowed
has borrowed
 Have you ___ the movie yet?
looked
have seen
seen

26.
 Please wait. I haven't finished ___.
already
just
yet
 Water __ found on Mars.
has be
has been
have
 I have ___ all my money.
spent
spend
has spend

27.
 My parents have retired
 Your sister has borrowed my car.
 Have you seen the movie yet?
 Please wait. I haven’t finished yet.
 Water has been found on mars.
 I have spent all my money.

28.
 Make some sentences regarding present perfect.
 Make a group and each group has to be make
sentences.
 If one group make a sentence of Assertive, then
other group has to convert the sentences into
Negative form and last group has to convert into
Interrogative sentences.

29.
 The Present Perfect Continuous uses two
auxiliary verbs together with a main verb.
 Note that continuous tenses are also
called progressive tenses. So the Present Perfect
Continuous tense is sometimes called the Present
Perfect Progressive tense.
 How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous
tense?
Subject + Auxiliary have + Auxiliary be + Main verb
Conjugated in
present simple
Past participle
Have, has been Present
participle

30.
The first auxiliary (have) is conjugated
in the Present Simple: have, has
The second auxiliary (be) is invariable
in past participle form: been
The main verb is invariable in present
participle form: -ing
For negative sentences we
insert not after the first auxiliary verb.
For question sentences,
we exchange the subject and first
auxiliary verb.

31.
Subject Auxiliary verb Auxiliary
verb
Main
verb
+ I Have been waiting for one
hour.
+ You Have been talking too
much.
- It Has not been raining
- We Have not been playing football.
? Have you been seeing her?
? have they been doing their
homewo
rk?

32.
 It is used to express an action which has
started in past, still continuing and not
completed so far.
 Assertive Rule
 Sub+has/have+been+V1+ing+object
 Eg. She has been writing a letter.
 Negative rule
 Sub+has/have+not+been+V1+ing+object
 She hasn’t been writing a letter.

33.
 Interrogative Rule
has/have+sub+been+v1+ing+object
Eg. Has she been writing a letter?

34.
 Make some sentences regarding present perfect
continuous.
 Make a group and each group has to be make
sentences.
 If one group make a sentence of Assertive, then
other group has to convert the sentences into
Negative form and last group has to convert into
Interrogative sentences.

35.
Simple Past
Past
Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Continuous
PAST(befo
re now)

36.
 The simple past tense
 This page will present the simple past tense:
 its form and its use.
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian
musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to
1791. He started composing at the age of five
years old and wrote more than 600 pieces of
music. He was only 35 years old when he died.
 The verbs "was, lived, started, wrote, died" are
in the simple past tense.
 Notice that:
 lived, started, died are regular past forms.
 was, wrote are irregular past forms.

37.
 Regular verbs:
 The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular past
forms. The rule is the following:
 Verb + ed
 Examples:
The infinitive The simple past
live lived
start started
die died
visit visited
play played
watch watched
phone phoned
marry married

38.
 Irregular verbs:
 The verbs "was, wrote" are irregular past forms.
"Was" is the simple past of "to be"; "wrote" is the
simple past of "write".
 The verb to be
 The verb to be is the most important verb in the
English language. It is difficult to use because it
is an irregular verb in almost all of its forms. In
the simple present tense, to be is conjugated as
follows:
 Affirmative forms of the verb to be

39.
Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form
I am 'm
you are 're
he/she/it is 's
we are 're
you are 're
they are 're
There is no rule for these verbs. You should learn them by heart.
The infinitive The simple past
be was/were
write wrote
come came
do did
meet met
speak spoke

40.
 The forms of the simple past:
 The Affirmative form of the simple past:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they played.
wrote
did.
Examples:
I played tennis with my friends yesterday.
I finished lunch and I did my homework.
The interrogative form of the simple past:
Did I, you, he, she, it, we,
they
play?
write
do?

41.
 Examples:
 Did you play basketball yesterday?
 Did you watch television?
 Did you do the homework?
 The negative form of the simple past:
I, you, he, she, it, we,
they
did not/didn't play
write
do
I didn't like the food in the wedding last Saturday.
I didn't eat it.

42.
 The use of the simple past
 The simple past is used principally to describe
events in the past, but it also has some other
uses. Here are the main uses of the simple past.
 Finished events in the past
 William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
 Christopher Columbus discovered America in
1492.
 Past habitual action
 I visited them every day for a year.
 I drove to work every day when I worked with
that company.

43.
 Events that were true for some time in the past
 He lived in Paris for 20 years.
 They talked on the phone for ten minutes.
 Remember:
 didn't is the short form of did not. You can say
either:
 I did not play basketball, or
 I didn't play basketball.

44.
 The past simple tense expresses actions, facts, or
events that were started and completed in the past.

Used for Past habits
Eg. I played football when I was a child.
 Rule: Subject + V2
 Eg She wrote a letter.

45.
 1. Assertive Sentences –
Subject + V2 + Object
She wrote a letter.

2. Negative Sentences-
Subject + didn’t + V1 + Object
She didn’t write a letter.

3. Interrogative Sentences-
Did + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Did she write a letter?

4. Interrogative Negative Sentences-
Did + Subject + not + V1 + Object + (?)
Did she not write a letter?

46.
 Make some sentences regarding simple past.
 Make a group and each group has to be make
sentences.
 If one group make a sentence of Assertive, then
other group has to convert the sentences in
Negative form and last group has to convert in
Interrogative sentences.

47.
 The past continuous, also called past progressive, is
used to refer to an action that was continuous (i.e. an
action that was going on) at a particular time in the
past.
 Yesterday, Liza and Jim played tennis. They began at
10:00 and finished at 11:30.
 So at 11:00, they were playing tennis.
 They were playing="they were in the middle of
playing." They had not finished yet.
 Was/were playing is the past continuous.


48.
 The form of the past continuous:
 The past continuous is formed as follows:
to be in the simple past + verb + ing
The affirmative form:
I, he, she, it was playing.
you, we, they were
Examples:
Yesterday evening I was watching a film, when
someone knocked on the door.
This morning I was revising my lessons when my
father came in.
Jim and Liza were playing tennis yesterday at 11:00.

49.
 The Interrogative form:
 Examples:
 I wasn't reading a book yesterday evening; I was
watching a film.
 My mother wasn't preparing dinner; she was
working on the computer.
 We weren't playing cards.
Was I, he, she, it Playing?
were you, we, they
The negative form:

50.
 The use of the past continuous:
 We use the past continuous to say that somebody
was in the middle of doing something at a certain
time in the past.
Example:
"This time yesterday, I was doing my homework."
 We use the past continuous to say that something
happened in the middle of something else:
Example:

51.
 "Bob burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner
yesterday"
"While I was working in the garden, I hurt my
back."
 Remember:
 "Wasn't playing" and "weren't playing" are the
short forms of "was not playing" and "were
not playing"

52.
 Let’s see some rules and verb form in the
sentences:
 e.g. I was driving a car.
 Rule: was/were + ing
 1. Assertive Sentences
Subject + was/were +V1+ ing + Object
She was writing a letter.

53.
 2. Negative Sentences-
Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing + Object
She was not writing a letter.
3. Interrogative Sentences-
Was/were + Subject + V1+ ing + Object + (?)
Was she writing a letter?
4. Interrogative Negative Sentences-
Was/were + Subject + not + V1 + ing+ Object
+ (?)
Was she not writing a letter?

54.
 Write correct sentences:
 My mother / read / a novel.
 My father / watch / TV.
 My elder sister / writing / in her diary.
 My two brothers / listen / to the radio.
 My little sister and I / not / watch / a movie.
 We / talk / about school.

55.
 My mother was reading a novel.
 My father was watching a movie.
 My elder sister was writing in her diary.
 My two brothers were listening to the radio.
 My little sister and I were not watching a movie.
 We were talking about school.

56.
 Make some sentences regarding past continuous.
 Make a group and each group has to be make
sentences.
 If one group make a sentence of Assertive, then
other group has to convert the sentences into
Negative form and last group has to convert into
Interrogative sentences.

57.
 The Past Perfect tense is quite an easy tense to
understand and to use. This tense talks about the
"past in the past“.
 How do we make the Past Perfect tense?
 The structure of the Past Perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary ha
ve
+ main verb
conjugated
in Past
Simple
had past
participle

58.
 The auxilary verb (have) is conjugated in the Past
Simple: had
 The main verb is invariable in past participle
form: -ed (or irregular)
 For negative sentences we insert not between
the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
 For question sentences, we exchange the subject
and the auxiliary verb.
 Look at these example sentences with the Past
Perfect tense:

59.
subject
auxiliary
verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before
me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?

60.
 Contraction with Past Perfect: -
 When we use the Past Perfect in speaking, we
often contract the subject and the auxiliary verb.
We also sometimes do this in informal writing:
I had I'd
you had you'd
he had
she had
it had
he'd
she'd
it'd
we had we'd
they had they'd

61.
 I'd eaten already.
 They'd gone home.
 In negative sentences, we may contract the
auxiliary verb and "not":
 I hadn't finished my meal.
 Anthony hadn't a day off for months.
 The 'd contraction is also used for the auxiliary
verb would. For example, we'd can mean:
 We had, OR
 We would
 But usually the main verb is in a different form,
for example : We had arrived (past participle)
 We would arrive (base)
 It is always clear from the context.

62.
 How do we use the Past Perfect tense?
 The Past Perfect tense expresses action in
the past before another action in the past. This is
the past in the past.
 For example:
 The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9:15am.
When we arrived, the train had left.

63.
The train had
left when we
arrived.
past present future
Train leaves in past at 9:00
9:00 9:15
We arrive in past
at 9:15

64.
 Look at some more examples:
 I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.
 They were hungry. They had not eaten for five
hours.
 I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him
before.
 "Mary wasn't at home when I arrived." / "Really?
Where had she gone?“
 You can sometimes think of the Past Perfect
tense like the Present Perfect tense, but instead
of the time being now the time is before.

65.
have
done
→
had
done
→
past present future
For example, imagine that you arrive at
the station at 9:15am. The stationmaster
says to you:
"You are too late. The train has left."
Later, you tell your friends:
"We were too late. The train had left."

66.
 We often use the Past Perfect in reported
speech after verbs like: said, told, asked,
thought, wondered
 Look at these examples:
 He told us that the train had left.
 I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
 He explained that he had closed the window
because of the rain.
 I wondered if I had been there before.
 I asked them why they had not finished.
 The patient had died before the doctor came.

67.
 1. Assertive Sentences
Subject + had + V3 + Object
She had written a letter.
2. Negative Sentences
Subject + had + not + V3 + Object
She had not written a letter.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Had + Subject + V3 + Object + (?)
Had she written a letter?
4. Interrogative Negative Sentences-
Had + Subject + not + V3 + Object + (?)
Had she not written a letter?

68.
 1. We ________ finished eating dinner.
 had not
not had
'd had not
 2. Had they _____ to her before?
 spoke
spoken
spoked
 3. You _____ not left yet.
 would
'd
would had

69.
 4. I had never _____ her before.
 see
saw
seen
 5. We arrived at 8:05, but the train _____
already left.
 has
have
had
 6. Sarah thought she ________ to that zoo
before.
 has been
had be
had been

70.
 7. Nobody explained why the project had ________
on time.
 n't been completed
not completed
n't complete
 8. He _____ us the item had been shipped.
 told
say
asked
 9. Dad explained ________ his job due to stress.
 why he quitted
that he had quit
that he'd quite
 10. Where _____ the security guard gone?
 had
have
did

71.
 1. had not
 2. spoken
 3. 'd
 4. seen
 5. had
 6. had been
 7. n't been completed
 8. told
 9. that he had quit
 10. had

72.
 The past perfect continuous tense shows actions
that were ongoing in the past and ended before
another past action.
 How do we make the Past Perfect Continuous
tense?
 The structure of the Past Perfect Continuous
tense is:

73.
subject + auxiliary ha
ve
+ auxiliary be + main verb
conjugated
in Past
Simple
past
participle
had been present
participle
The first auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the Past
Simple, invariable: had
The second auxiliary verb (be) is invariable in past
participle form: been
The main verb is invariable in present participle form: -
ing
For negative sentences we insert not after the first
auxiliary verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and
the first auxiliary verb.

74.
 Look at these example sentences with the Past
Perfect Continuous tense:
subject
auxiliary
verb
auxiliary
verb
main
verb
+ I had been working.
+ You had been playing tennis.
- It had not been working well.
- We had not been expecting her.
? Had you been drinking?
? Had they been waiting long?

75.
 The Past Perfect Continuous tense is like the Past
Perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in
the past before another action in the past.
 For example:
 Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am.
When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two
hours.
 Here are some more examples:
 John was very tired. He had been running.
 I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been
smoking.
 Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised.
It had not been running well for a long time.
 Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?

76.
 You can sometimes think of the Past Perfect
Continuous tense like the Present Perfect
Continuous tense, but instead of the time
being now the time is before.
have
been
doing
→
had
been
doing
→
past present future
For example, imagine that you meet Ram at 11am. Ram says to
you:
"I am angry. I have been waiting for two hours."
Later, you tell your friends:
"Ram was angry. He had been waiting for two hours."

77.
 1. Assertive Sentences –
 Subject + had been +V1 + ing + Object
 She had been writing a letter.
 2. Negative Sentences-
 Subject + had + not been + V1+ ing + Object
 She had not been writing a letter.
 3. Interrogative Sentences-
 Had + Subject+ been+ V1 + ing + Object + (?)
 Had she been writing a letter?

78.
 . My dad ________ smoking in the garage.
 has
had
had been
 2. The printer ________ working well.
 had not been
hadn't
had not
 3. Had the players _____ playing by the rules?
 been
have
be
 4. She ________ expecting the worst.
 had
'd been
had being

79.
 5. Had the teachers ________ before the strike?
 been work
working
been working
 6. Our pool pump ________ running properly before the storm.
 had not have
hadn't been
hadn't being
 7. My sister’s roommate was upset. She _____ been waiting
for an hour.
 had
has
have
 8. I just heard about the accident. ________ been working all
night?
 Had the driver
Had the driving
Have the driver

80.
 9. We were shocked to see her. ________ been
expecting her.
 We are
We have
We'd not
 10. I finally reached my mom. ________ her all
day.
 I'd been calling
I have called
I called

81.
 1. had been
 2. had not been
 3. been
 4. 'd been
 5. been working
 6. hadn't been
 7. had
 8. Had the driver
 9. We'd not
 10. I'd been calling

82.
Future
Simple
Future
Future
Continuous
Future
Perfect
Future
Perfect
Continuous

83.
 Future Simple Tense is used to express an action
that will occur or happen in the future. It is used
to describe an action which will happen in near
or far future ...
How do we make the Future Simple tense?
The structure of the Future Simple tense is:
subject + auxiliary will + main verb
invariable base
will V1

84.
 For negative sentences in the Future Simple
tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb
and main verb. For question sentences, we
exchange the subject and auxiliary verb.
subject
auxiliary
verb main verb
+ I will open the door.
+ You will finish before
me.
- She will not be at school
tomorrow.
- We will not leave yet.
? Will you arrive on time?
? Will they want dinner?

85.
 How do we use the Future Simple tense?
 No Plan
 We use the Future Simple tense when there is no
plan or decision to do something before we
speak. We make the decision spontaneously at
the time of speaking. Look at these examples:
 Hold on. I'll get a pen.
 We will see what we can do to help you.
 Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.
 In these examples, we had no firm plan before
speaking. The decision is made at the time of
speaking.

86.
 We often use the Future Simple tense with the
verb to think before it:
 I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
 I think I will have a holiday next year.
 I don't think I'll buy that car.
 Prediction
 We often use the Future Simple tense to make a
prediction about the future. Again, there is no
firm plan. We are saying what we think will
happen. Here are some examples:
 It will rain tomorrow.
 People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd
century.
 Who do you think will get the job?

87.
 Be
 When the main verb is be, we can use the Future
Simple tense even if we have a firm plan or
decision before speaking. Examples:
 I'll be in London tomorrow.
 I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
 Will you be at work tomorrow?

88.
 1. Positive / Affirmative Sentences –
 Subject + Will/Shall + V1 + Object
 She will write a letter.
 2. Negative Sentences-
 Subject + Will/Shall + Not + V1 + Object
 She will not write a letter.
 3. Interrogative Sentences-
 Will/Shall + Subject + V1 + Object + (?)
 Will she write a letter?

89.
 1. He _____ arrive on time.
 will
is
not
 2. Will your folks _____ before Tuesday?
 leaving
leave
leaves
 3. We _____ get there until after dark.
 will
won't
will'nt
 4. We will _____ what your father says.
 see
to see
seeing

90.
 5. I don't ________ go swimming today.
 think I
think I'll
thinking
 6. It ________ tomorrow.
 will snow
snows
is snowing
 7. We won't ________ until we get there.
 knowing
have know
know
 8. I ________ back before Friday.
 'll be
will
am being

91.
 9. Will you _____ at the rehearsal on Saturday?
 go
be
have
 10. I'm going to the grocery store. I think _____
buy a turkey.
 I've
I'll
I'd

92.
 1. will
 2. leave
 3. won't
 4. see
 5. think I'll
 6. will snow
 7. know
 8. 'll be
 9. be
 10. I'll

93.
 It is used to express an ongoing or continued
action in future.
 e.g. He will be distributing sweets in temple
tomorrow at 12 o'clock.
 In the example, the action will start in future
(tomorrow) and action is thought to be continued
till sometime in future.
 We use the future continuous to talk about
something that will be in progress at or around a
time in the future.

94.
 How do we make the Future Continuous tense?
 The structure of the Future Continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary
verb WILL
+ auxiliary
verb BE
+ main verb
invariable invariable present
participle
will be base + ing
Contraction with Future Continuous
When we use the Future Continuous tense in
speaking, we often contract the subject and
WILL:

95.
I will I'll
you will you'll
he will
she will
it will
he'll
she'll
it'll
we will we'll
they will they'll
In negative sentences, we may contract with won't, like
this:
I will not I won't
you will not you won't
he will not
she will not
it will not
he won't
she won't
it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't

96.
 How do we use the Future Continuous tense?
 The Future Continuous tense expresses action at
a particular moment in the future. The action will
have started before that moment but it will not have
finished at that moment. For example, tomorrow I
will start work at 2pm and stop work at 6pm:
 When we use the Future Continuous tense, our
listener usually knows or understands what time we
are talking about. Look at these examples:
 I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
 They won't be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
 What will you be doing at 10pm tonight?
 What will you be doing when I arrive?
 She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
 We'll be having dinner when the film starts.
 Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you
return.

97.
 1. Positive / Affirmative Sentences
 Subject + Will/Shall + Be + V1 + Ing + Object
 She will be writing a letter.
 2. Negative Sentences-
 Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Be + V1 + Ing + Object
 She will not be writing a letter.
 3. Interrogative Sentences
 Will/Shall + Subject + Be + V1 + Ing + Object + (?)
 Will she be writing a letter?
 4. Interrogative Negative Sentences-
 Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Be + V1 + Ing + Object
+ (?)
 Will she not be writing a letter?

98.
 1. I ________ during rush hour.
 will be driving
will have drive
will be drive
 2. He will not be _____ the bus today.
 take
taken
taking
 3. They ________ the cottage that weekend.
 using
'll be using
're be using
 4. Nigel _____ be coming to the picnic.
 won't
won't not
willn't

99.
 5. Where ________ sleeping?
 you be
will you
will you be
 6. We'll be ________ the news at 10pm.
 watch
watching
to watch
 7. I'll try my best to spot you. What ________
wearing?
 will you
will
will you be
 8. Don't forget your snowpants. It ________ by the
time you get to school.
 will snowing
is snowing
will be snowing

100.
 9. At noon tomorrow, I ________ on a beach
somewhere.
 'll be relaxing
relax
will being relax
 10. Sorry, I can't. I ________ my daughter to work
at that time.
 will be taking
'll take
won't be take

101.
 1. will be driving
 2. taking
 3. 'll be using
 4. won't
 5. will you be
 6. watching
 7. will you be
 8. will be snowing
 9. 'll be relaxing
 10. will be taking

102.
 The FUTURE PERFECT TENSE indicates that an
action will have been completed at some point in
the future.
 How do we make the Future Perfect tense?
 The structure of the Future Perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary
verb WILL
+ auxiliary
verb HAVE
+ main verb
invariable invariable past
participle
will have V3

103.
 Look at these example sentences in the Future
Perfect tense:
subject
auxiliary
verb
auxiliary
verb
main
verb
+ I will have finished by
10am.
+ You will have forgotte
n
me by
then.
- She will not have gone to
school.
- We will not have left.
? Will you have arrived?
? Will they have received it?

104.
 Contraction with Future Perfect
 In speaking with the Future Perfect tense, we
often contract the subject and will. Sometimes,
we may contract the subject, will and have all
together:
I will have I'll have I'll've
you will have you'll have you'll've
he will have
she will have
it will have
he'll have
she'll have
it'll have
he'll've
she'll've
it'll've
we will have we'll have we'll've
they will have they'll have they'll've

105.
 I'll have finished when you arrive.
 She'll have forgotten everything.
 They'll've had their dinner by then.
 In negative sentences, we may contract
with won't or won't've, like this:
 Anthony won't have arrived by then.
 They won't've finished the car tomorrow.
How do we use the Future Perfect tense?
The Future Perfect tense expresses action in the
future before another action in the future. This is
the past in the future. For example:
The train will leave the station at 9am. You will
arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive,
the train will have left.

106.
 Look at some more examples:
 You can call me at work at 8am. I will have
arrived at the office by 8.
 They will be tired when they arrive.
They will not have slept for a long time.
 "Mary won't be at home when you arrive." /
"Really? Where will she have gone?"

107.
1. Positive / Affirmative Sentences –
Subject + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + Object +
She will have written a letter.
2. Negative Sentences-
Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Have + V3 + Object
She will not have written a letter.
3. Interrogative Sentences-
Will/Shall + Subject + Have + V3 + Object + (?)
Will she have written a letter?

108.
 1. I ________ by then.
 will be leave
will have left
will leaving
 2. Will you ________ by 8am?
 have arrived
be arrive
have arriving
 3. You ________ the bill by the time the item arrives.
 'll have received
will receiving
've received
 4. Melissa and Mike will be exhausted. They
________ slept for 24 hours.
 will not
will not have
will not be

109.
 5. He will have ________ all about it by Monday.
 forgetting
forgotten
be forgetting
 6. Will you ________ the contracts by Thursday?
 have mailed
mailing
to have mailed
 7. The boss ________ by the time the orders come in.
 will leave
will be left
will have left
 8. Where ________ gone?
 will she have
is she has
she have

110.
 9. September works for us. Lisa will not ________
by then.
 graduating
have graduated
be graduate
 10. I will let you in. I ________ with the keys by the
time you come in.
 will have arrived
will be arrival
will be arrived

111.
 1. will have left
 2. have arrived
 3. 'll have received
 4. will not have
 5. forgotten
 6. have mailed
 7. will have left
 8. will she have
 9. have graduated
 10. will have arrived

112.
 This tense is used to describe an ongoing action
that will complete in future.
How do we make the Future Perfect Continuous
Tense?
The structure of the Future Perfect Continuous
tense is:

113.
subje
ct
+ auxiliary wi
ll
+ auxiliary have + auxiliary b
e
+ main
verb
invariable invariable past
participle
prese
nt
partici
ple
will have been base
+ ing
For negative sentences in the Future Perfect
Continuous tense, we
insert not between will and have. For question
sentences, we exchange the subject and will.
Look at these example sentences with the
Future Perfect Continuous:

114.
subject
auxilia
ry verb
auxilia
ry verb
auxilia
ry verb
main
verb
+ I will have been workin
g
for four
hours.
+ You will have been travelli
ng
for two
days.
- She will not have been using the car.
- We will not have been waiting long.
? Will you have been playing footbal
l?
? Will they have been watchi
ng
TV?

115.
 I'll have been driving for five hours.
 She'll have been watching TV.
 In negative sentences, we may contract
with won't, like this:
I will not I won't
you will not you won't
he willnot
she will not
it will not
he won't
she won't
it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't

116.
• You won't have been drinking, will you?
• We won't have been driving for long.
How do we use the Future Perfect Continuous
Tense?
The Future Perfect Continuous tense is like
the Future Perfect tense, but it expresses longer
actions or states extending up to some specific
event or time in the future. For example:
Ram starts waiting at 9am. I am late and cannot
arrive before 10am. Ram will have been
waiting for an hour by the time I meet him.

117.
 Look at these examples:
 He'll be tired when he gets here. He'll have been
travelling all day.
 How long will Jo have been working when he
retires?
 Next month I'll have been studying Chinese for
two years.
 Will you have been working when I arrive?
 He won't have been studying long enough to
qualify.
 Next week Jane is going to swim from England to
France. By the time she gets to France she'll have
been swimming non-stop for over thirteen hours.

118.
 1. Positive / Affirmative Sentences –
 Subject + Will/Shall + Have been + V1 + Ing +
Object
 She will have been writing a letter.
 2. Negative Sentences-
 Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Have been + V1+ Ing
+ Object
 She will not have been writing a letter.
 3. Interrogative Sentences-
 Will/Shall + Subject + Have been + V1 + Ing +
Object +(?)
 Will she have been writing a letter?

119.
 1. My mom ________ for two days by the time I see
her.
 has been travelling
will have been travelling
will has been travelling
 2. They'll be exhausted by dinner. They will have been
_____ hockey for seven hours.
 playing
played
play
 3. Will you ________ here for ten years by the time of
the Christmas party?
 have been worked
have to work
have been working
 4. It's a 24-hour relay. They'll only have been
________ for half the time by 6pm.
 ran
run
running

120.
 5. We ________ been waiting long.
 will not have
have not will
will have not
 6. I ________ working for two years.
 willn't have been
won't have been
not have been
 7. Won't they ________ travelling for two weeks by
then?
 have been
had been
has been
 8. The teachers will ________ for a month by the time
the deal is made.
 have been striking
will strike
will be striking

121.
 9. The films run all night. We ________ movies for
six hours by the time the feature comes on.
 watched
will have been watching
will watch
 10. She'll still be groggy. She ________
undergoing surgery for three hours.
 will has been
will have been
will be have

122.
 1. will have been travelling
 2. playing
 3. have been working
 4. running
 5. will not have
 6. won't have been
 7. have been
 8. have been striking
 9. will have been watching
 10. will have been