1) concept of ifm 2) recent trends of Ifm 3) challenges of Ifm 4) evolution of Ifm

1. International Financial
Management
- AJITA BANSAL

2. Concept Of IFM
 International financial management, also known as international finance, is the management of
finance in an international business environment that is, trading and making money through the
exchange of foreign currency.
 The international financial activities help the organizations to connect with international dealings
with overseas business partners- customers, suppliers, lenders etc. It is also used by government
organization and non-profit institutions.
 International financial management, also known as international finance, is a well-known term in
today’s world.
 It simply means financial management in an international business environment.
 It is different from financial management because of the different factors involved like currency,
political situations, imperfect markets, and diversified opportunity sets.

3. Recent Trends Of IFM
 Six emerging trends :-
 1. Outsourcing facilities management:-
- Growth in outsourcing
- Industry-based adoption
- Penetration of integrated facility management (IFM)
 2. Integrated value and related services
-Real estate
-Facilities management
-Energy management.
-Production maintenance
-Employee services
-Cost
-Geographic portfolio

4.  3. Workplace strategy
 -Modular workspace
-Coworking
-Lifestyle amenities
-Wellness designs
 Internet of Things (IoT) evolution
-Energy efficiency
- Occupant experience
- Computing
-Stack ownership
- IoT security
 Advent of robots
- Repetitive tasks
-Hazardous tasks

5. Challenges Of IFM
 Challenge of Protection of Natural Resources
 Terrorism
 Culture
 Follow the Political Policies and Law of Nation
 International Currencies

6. Evolution OF International Monetary
System
 1) Gold standard
- The gold standard is a monetary system in which each country fixed the value of its currency in terms of
gold. The exchange rate is determined according to 1 ounce of gold = 20 pounds (fixed by the UK) and 1
ounce of gold = 10 dollars (fixed)
- There was free convertibility between gold and national currencies. Also, all national currencies had to be
backed by gold. Therefore, the countries had to keep enough gold reserves to issue currency.
 2) Inter-war period
After the world war started in 1914, the gold standard was abandoned . Countries began to depreciate
their currencies to be able to export more. It was a period of fluctuating exchange rates and competitive
devaluation.
 3) Bretton woods system
In the early 1940s, the United States and the United Kingdom began discussions to rebuild the world
economy after the destruction of two world wars. Their goal was to create a fixed exchange rate system
without the gold standard.
 4)Present International Monetary system
-The Bretton Woods system collapsed in 1971. The United States had to stop the convertibility to gold due to
high inflation and trade deficit in the economy.