The document discusses the deductive and inductive methods of teaching. The deductive method involves presenting students with general rules and principles and then providing examples to verify them. The inductive method starts with specific examples and observations from which students derive generalizations and principles. Some key points made in the document include: - The deductive method simplifies the teacher's work but students may not properly assimilate knowledge that is simply presented to them. - The inductive method promotes more active learning as students discover truths for themselves, but it is a slower process. - Both methods have merits and demerits depending on the topic, age of students, and learning objectives.

1. Ma. Aiza delos Reyes

2. DEDUCTIVE METHOD
• IN THE DEDUCTIVE METHOD RULES, GENERALIZATION AND PRINCIPLES ARE
PROVIDED TO THE STUDENTS AND THEN THEY ARE ASKED TO VERIFY THEM
WITH THE HELP OF PARTICULAR EXAMPLES.

3. EXAMPLE
• A TEACHER WANTS TO TEACH HIS/HER PUPILS HOW TO ADD
SIMILAR FRACTIONS. SHE BEGINS BY STATING THE RULE: TO
ADD SIMILAR FRACTIONS, JUST ADD THE NUMERATORS THEN
COPY THE DENOMINATOR. THEN SHE WILL GIVE EXAMPLES.
AFTER WHICH SHE WILL GIVE WRITTEN EXERCISES FOR HER
PUPILS.

4. MERITS OF THE DEDUCTIVE METHOD
• TEACHER’S WORK IS SIMPLIFIED. HE GIVES GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND VERIFY
THEM.
• THIS METHOD IS VERY ECONOMICAL. IT SAVES TIME AND ENERGY BOTH OF
THE STUDENTS AND THE TEACHERS.
• IT IS VERY SUITABLE FOR SMALL CHILDREN WHO CANNOT DISCOVER TRUTHS
FOR THEMSELVES. THEY GET READY MADE MATERIAL.

5. DEMERITS OF THE DEDUCTIVE
METHOD
• KNOWLEDGE IS NOT SELF ACQUIRED AND, THEREFORE, NOT ASSIMILATED PROPERLY.
• THE CHILD IS DEPRIVED OF THE PLEASURE OF SELF ACTIVITY AND SELF EFFORT AS READY MADE
FORMULAE, PRINCIPLES AND RULES ARE GIVEN TO HIM.
• IT ENCOURAGES MEMORIZATION OF FACTS WHICH ARE SOON FORGOTTEN AND THEREFORE,
KNOWLEDGE IS RENDERED USELESS.
• THIS METHOD IS UNNATURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOR THE STUDENTS WHO DO NOT POSSESS
ABILITY TO APPRECIATE ABSTRACT IDEAS IN THE ABSENCE OF CONCRETE EXAMPLES.

6. THE INDUCTIVE METHOD
• IT IS A METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT.
• THINKING MOVES FROM PARTICULAR TO GENERAL.
• CONCRETE EXAMPLES BEFORE THE STUDENTS ARRIVE AT A GENERALIZATION.
• THE CHILD IS LED TO DISCOVER TRUTH FOR HIMSELF.

7. EXAMPLE
• THE TEACHER GIVES THEM AT LEAST FIVE EXAMPLES OF
ADDED SIMILAR FRACTIONS AT ONE TIME. SHE WILL ASK THE
STUDENTS TO STUDY THE EXAMPLES THEN ASK THEM TO
EXPLAIN HOW SHE ARRIVED AT THE SUMS. FROM THERE, SHE
WILL ASK THE STUDENTS TO STATE THE RULE IN ADDING
FRACTIONS.

8. MERITS OF THE INDUCTIVE METHOD
• KNOWLEDGE IS SELF ACQUIRED AND TRANSFORMED INTO ‘WISDOM’.
• IT PROMOTES MENTAL ACTIVITY ON THE PART OF THE PUPILS AND MAKES THEM
ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE LEARNING TEACHING PROCESS.
• IT MAKES THE LESSON INTERESTING BY PROVIDING CHALLENGING SITUATIONS
TO THE STUDENTS.
• THE METHOD AFFORDS OPPORTUNITIES TO THE STUDENTS TO BE SELF DEPENDENT
AND SELF CONFIDENCE.
• THE METHOD IS BASED ON SOUND PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES. LEARNING BY
DOING IS THE BASIS OF THIS METHOD.

9. DEMERITS OF INDUCTIVE METHOD
• THE INSUFFICIENT DATA MAY SOMETIMES LEAD THE LEARNER TO WRONG
GENERALIZATIONS.
• THE METHOD IS VERY SLOW AND LENGTHY.
• IT IS NOT SUITABLE IN THE TEACHING OF SUBJECTS IN WHICH THERE IS MORE
STRESS ON THE TEACHING OF FACTS.
• IT FAILS TO DEVELOP MOTIVATION AND INTEREST IN LEARNING.
• IT FAILS TO DEVELOP SELF CONFIDENCE AND INITIATIVE IN THE STUDENTS.

10. EXAMPLE
Deductive Method
A teacher begins his/her lesson with
generalization that geographical
location influences peoples’ way of life.
Then he/she will give proofs that this is
true by showing them an economic
of the Philippines. Then study the map
with them. Those who live near the sea
are fisherman. Their main product is
Those who live in plains like Cagayan
Valley have rice as main product and
farming is their main occupation.
Inductive Method
a teacher shows to the class the
economic map of the Philippines then
asks the class to study it with special
attention on geographical features
economic products. To guide them in
their analysis he/she will ask them
questions like what is the occupation of
people who live by the sea? What
those who live in spacious plains? What
is their main livelihood? Do these
people from different area engage in
the same occupation? What
generalization can you draw about the
relationship between geographical
features of a place and peoples’ means
of livelihood?

11. DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE
METHOD
DEDUCTIVE
• GENERALIZATION IS FIRST STATED
AND PARTICULAR EXAMPLES TO
PROVE THEM.
• IT DOES NOT LEAD TO NEW
KNOWLEDGE.
• IT IS A METHOD OF VERIFICATION
AND EXPLANATION.
INDUCTIVE
• PARTICULAR EXAMPLES ARE DEALT
WITH AND THEN GENERALIZATIONS
ARE DERIVED FROM THEM.
• IT LEADS TO NEW KNOWLEDGE.
• IT IS METHOD OF DISCOVERY.

12. • THIS METHOD IS VERY QUICK.
• THIS METHOD IS SPOON-FEED.
• THIS METHOD IS VERY SLOW.
• THIS METHOD GIVES TRAINING TO
THE CHILD TO DEPEND UPON
HIMSELF AND TO DEVELOP SELF
CONFIDENCE AND INITIATIVE.

13. TELL WHETHER IF THE STATEMENT IS A DEDUCTIVE OR INDUCTIVE METHOD.
1. 1. TEACHER’S WORK IS SIMPLIFIED. HE GIVES GENERAL PRINCIPLES
AND VERIFY THEM.
2. PARTICULAR EXAMPLES ARE DEALT WITH AND THEN
GENERALIZATIONS ARE DERIVED FROM THEM.
3. IT IS DOWNWARD MOVEMENT.
4. IT LEADS TO NEW KNOWLEDGE.
5. IT IS A METHOD OF VERIFICATION AND EXPLANATION.

14. CREATE YOUR OWN EXAMPLE OF INDUCTIVE
METHOD USING THIS DEDUCTIVE METHOD
(5 PTS)
THE TEACHER STATES THE 20 RULES OF SUBJECT
VERB AGREEMENT. HE GIVES EXAMPLES OF EACH
AFTER WHICH, HE GIVES WRITTEN EXERCISES