Hidraulic energy

1. Hydraulic
Energy
By: Ángela, Amelia, Marina, Irati
and Ainhara

2. WATER
Water is the most essential
characteristic of our planet with
enormous potential for exploitation, it is
not only used for drinking or cleaning
but also as a
renewable energy source.

3. WHAT IS HYDRAULIC ENERGY?
Is power derived from the energy
of falling water or fast running
water, which may be harnessed
for useful purposes
It is obtained from the use of the
kinetic and potential energy
from rivers, waterfalls and tides

4. CONVENTIONAL HYDROELECTRICITY
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity
generated by hydropower; the production of
electrical power through the use of falling or
flowing water.
It is the most widely
used form of renewable
energy.

5. TYPES OF
HYDROELECTRIC
GENERATION

6. RUN-OF-THE-RIVER HYDROELECTRIC
(ROR) is a type of hydroelectric generation plant where water storage is provided.
It’s plants may have no water storage at all or a limited amount of storage, in which
case the storage reservoir is referred to as pondage. A plant without pondage has
no water storage and is, therefore, subject to seasonal river flows. It captures the
kinetic energy in rivers or streams, without the use of dams.

7. SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS
it’s the development of hydroelectric
power on a scale serving a small
community or industrial plant.
The definition of a small hydro project
varies, but a generating capacity of 1 to
20 mewavatts (MW) is generally
accepted, so we can call it distributed
generation.

8. MICRO HYDRO PROJECTS
Is a type of hydroelectric power that typically produces from 5 kW to
100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water.

9. CONDUIT HYDROELECTRICITY
Is a method of using mechanical energy of water as part of the water delivery
system through man-made conduits to generate electricity.
It projects the use of water which has already been diverted for use elsewhere;
in a municipal water system, for example.

10. PUMPED-STORAGE HYDROELECTRICITY
(PHES) Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage , is a type of hydroelectric energy
storage used by electric power sistems for load balancing. The method stores
energy in the form of water, pumped from a lower to a higher elevation reservoir.
Stores water during periods of
low demand to be released
when demand is high or
system generation is low.

11. HOW IT GETS TO OUR HOMES DAMS
Water has to move with sufficient speed and volume to spin (girar) a device called a turbine,
which in turn rotates a generator to generate electricity.
1. Dams (presas) -- used to collect the water to increase the volume of moving water
2. An opening in the dam (intake) drops water down a pipe called penstock
3. turbine (propellers and roter) spins
4. generator rotates
5. electricity is created
6. Sent to our homes through power lines (cables de luz)
Hydropower can also be generated without a dam, through a lot of different processes. However,

12. ROTER
PROPELLERS
Shaft

13. HOW IT AFFECTS THE ENVIRONMENT
The hydraulic power is a renewable energy and it doesn’t damage
a lot the environment like another types of energy, but the
construction of reservoirs and dams affects to the fauna and flora,
soils, climate, etc.

14. AREAWhen a reservoir is constructed a lot
of area that could be used for the
agriculture is occupied, and rivers
can disappear because of floods
when constructing.
They can also eliminate a great part
of many forests and some villages,
not to talk about all the habitats and
landscapes of great value that
disappear.
Reservoir constructions can cause
earthquakes and collapses of land.

15. FAUNA AND FLORA
The hydraulic power affects:
the populations of alive beings who live in the
rivers (can cause the extinction of some
species).
The fishes and other aquatic animals can be hurt
or die (because of the rolling turbines)
water (stagnates and then it moves more slowly
than in the river and it accumulating
sediments). This causes an excessive increase
of water plants. Lower
temperature
Less
oxigen

16. CLIMATE
One of the most
evident impacts is
the modification of
the microclimate
of the zone, rains
and fog.

17. ADVANTAGES
· It is a clean energy source, without waste products and is easy to store. Also
the water stored in reservoirs situated at altitude permits the regulation of the
flow of the river.
· Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate.
· The lake's water can be used for irrigation purposes.
· The build up of water in the lake means that energy can be stored until
needed, when the water is released to produce electricity.

18. · Hydroelectric energy is renewable and very
reliable energy. There are very little
fluctuations in terms of the electric power that
is being by the plants.
· Compared to among others fossil fuels and
nuclear energy, hydroelectricity is much safer.
There is no fuel involved (other than water that
is).

19. DISADVANTAGES
· The construction of hydroelectric plants is expensive and needs large
networks of power cables. Reservoirs also mean the loss of productive soil
and fauna due to the flooding of their habitat. They also cause a decrease in
the flow of the rivers.
· The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many
decades to become profitable. Building power plants in general is expensive.
· The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage.

20. · People living in villages and towns that are in
the valley to be flooded, must move out. Lose
their farms and businesses.
· Hydroelectric power plants may affect fish is a
complex interaction between numerous physical
and biological factors. More user interests
related to exploitation of fish species.
· Electricity generation and energy prices are
directly related to how much water is available. A
drought could potentially affect this.

21. IMPORTANCE OF HYDRAULIC ENERGY
Hydroelectic energy is important because it is primarily a renewable energy
source. (It can be used over and over again)
This is important in the society of today as the awareness of the effects of non-
renewable energy sources are more widely known, placing a greater
importance on sustainable sources of energy.