1. General Introduction and
Problems Caused by Arthropods
AHMED MUSHTAQ
20012514-001
Submitted to Dr UMER AASHIQ

2. The body of arthropods is bilaterally
symmetrical.
These animals are triploblastic, and the body is
segmented into the head, thorax, and
abdomen.
They have jointed appendages that help in
movements.
The body cavity is filled with white colored
blood that is known as haemocoel.
The exoskeleton structure is hard and made of
complex sugar, namely chitin.
Arthropod species can be both terrestrial and
aquatic.
These animals have compound eyes on their
head, capable of mosaic vision.
Their nervous system is well-developed.

3. Problems
Arthropods include many species
of medical or veterinary
importance.
Among them, several are
responsible for the transmission
of some dangerous diseases for
humans, such as
malaria
Chagas disease
leishmaniasis, African
trypanosomiasis,
lymphatic filariasis,
onchocerciasis,
degune,
yellow fever, and Zika

4. Cone Nose Bugs And Chagas Disease
Elongated Body
Prominent antenna
Pear Shaped body
Spiny Legs
Long beak like Mouth Part
Feed on Blood of
vertebrates
Bites are Painless occur in
sleep
Blood meal are taken from
face area

5. Chagas Disease Transmission
The parasite transmitted during blood
meal to an infected host
The insect defecate on the skin of
Victim
Victim touches the feces and parasite
transferred to bite site.
Symptoms
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Body aches
• Muscle pain
• Rash
• Diarrhia

6. Lice
Louse is a small, wingless insects of
mammals and birds.
Head: The head bears a 5 segmented
antenna. The mouth parts are adapted for
sucking blood.
Thorax: Three pairs of legs are attached The
legs are strongly developed and are
provided with claws which help the insect to
cling to their hairs and clothing.
Abdomen: The abdomen consist of 9
segments.
The last abdominal segment is pointed in
case of male and bilobed in case of female.

7. Lice infestations on people,
referred to as pediculosis,
are very common
worldwide
1. Louse-borne epidemic
typhus
2. Trench fever
3. Louse-borne epidemic
relapsing fever
Lice as a vector for diseases

8. Trench fever
Caused by the facultative
intracellular Gram-negative
bacterium B. quintana.
It results from a primary infection
with B. quintana.
Symptoms:
• a high-grade fever
• Headache
• dizziness, and
• characteristic shin pain.
• The first fever episode can last
for between 2 and 4 days.
• This is followed by a relapse
every 4–5 days.

9. Epidemic relapsing fever
Caused by the spirochete Borrelia
recurrentis.
louse remains infected throughout its
lifetime.
Symptoms:
a high-grade fever,
pain,
dry cough,
fatigue.
Skin and mucosal haemorrhaging
neurological, liver and renal involvement.
Jaundice is a diagnostic clue that suggests
relapsing fever among louse-borne
diseases

10. Large biting flies that inhabit much of
tropical Africa
Belong to family Glossinidae
Are obligate parasites that live by
feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals
Tsetse have been extensively studied
because of their role in transmitting
disease

11. African Trypanosomiasis
Insect-borne parasitic disease of humans and animals
The disease occurs in regions of sub-Saharan Africa with population at risk of 70 million in 36 countries
11,000 people are currently infected In 2015 it caused around 3,500 deaths
More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Symptoms occur in two stages:
a. The first stage, known as the hemolymphatic phase
fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching, fever
a. Second phase of the disease, the neurological phase(Begins when the
parasite invades the central nervous system by passing through
the blood–brain barrier

12. Mosquito
Mosquitoes are blood sucking insects
responsible for the transmission of many
diseases throughout the human and
animal populations of the world
Mosquito Born Diseases
• Malaria
• Dengue Fever
• Yellow Fever
• Ross River virus Disease

14. Sand Fly
• Small–golden, brown or gray
colored
• have long, piercing mouthparts
• Hold their hairy wings in a
vertical V-shape
• Females are blood feeders
• consume Sugar-related Nutrients
• Hosts vary
• Distributed worldwide-

15. Transmitted Diseases
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Sand fly fever
• Carrions disease
• Pappataci fever
• Vesicular stomatitis
virus

16. Tick
• Ectoparasites
• Blood-sucking
arthropods
• All terrestrial regions of
the planet.
• Approx. 900 spp.
recognized
• About 700 spp. ixodid
or hard ticks
• 200 spp. soft ticks

17. Tick
Ticks are one of the most
common parasites in the United
States.
Lyme disease,
Anaplasmosis,
Ehrlichiosis
rocky mountain spotted fever
Symptoms
Affect heart and nervous
system
Fever
Joint Pain
Ashes
Body Ache

18. Thank you