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Author’s Purpose
• I can identify my intended audience and
purpose.
• This will allow me to choose specific words,
formats, voice, tones, and that match my
purpose.
EASY AS P.I.E.
Persuade
• Contains mostly opinions. ...
Entertain
• The author is simply telling a story. ...
• Convey a mood.
• The author uses imagery and descriptive details
to create a certain feeling. ...
• Contains many descriptive details (adjectives) and
imagery.
Inform
• Express an opinion
• Teach a lesson
P.I.E
Prewriting Strategies
Pre-Writing
• First stage of the writing process
• Helps us discover our initial ideas about a
subject and put them on paper, though not
usually in organized form Common Pre-Writing Strategies
1. Freewriting
2. Brainstorming/Listing
3. Clustering/Mapping
4. Journalistic Questions
1. Freewriting
• Jotting down all ideas on a particular topic on
paper even before researching about it
• Does not require complete sentences, proper
spelling, or correct punctuation and grammar
• About 10 to 15 minutes to write everything
that comes to mind even if it doesn’t
necessarily make sense yet.
Freewriting
Example (Freewriting of a student who needs to write a
paper about the environment):
I have to write a paper about the environment. I have no idea
where to start! I know there are many problems with the
environment, but I don’t know much about this topic. Maybe
I could take a look at my biology book to come up with some
ideas. I know my biology professor is also really into the
environment, so maybe I could ask for his help. I remember
he was talking about hybrid cars in class the other day and
how much better those are for the environment. What is a
hybrid car? I know it uses some sort of alternative fuel and
they are becoming very popular. Maybe that is something I
could write about…
Prewriting
Brainstorming/Listing
Example (Brainstorming of a student who needs to
write a paper about the environment):
Environment
Problems
Future
Cars
Alternative fuels
Hybrid cars
Costs
Benefits?
3. Clustering/Mapping
a. Placing the general subject in a circle in the
middle of a blank sheet of paper
b. Draw other lines or circles that shoot out
from the original topic.
c. Grouping the ideas that seem to go together
Clustering/Mapping
Example (Clustering of a student who needs to write a
paper on the value of a college education)
4. Journalistic Questions
• Asking and answering who, what, when,
where, why, and how questions about the
subject
• Especially useful when describing a event or
writing an information report/essay
Journalistic Questions
Example (Questions of a student who needs to write a report
on the political conflict in the Middle East):
• Who is involved in the conflict?
• What issues most clearly divide those engaged in this
dispute?
• When did the troubles in the Middle East begin, and how
have they developed over time?
• Where does the conflict seem most heated or violent?
• Why have those living in this area found it so difficult to
resolve the situation?
• How might this conflict be resolved?
REMEMBER!
• Save all of your prewriting work.
• Your prewriting will look very different from
your final work.

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Prewriting

  • 1. Author’s Purpose • I can identify my intended audience and purpose. • This will allow me to choose specific words, formats, voice, tones, and that match my purpose.
  • 2. EASY AS P.I.E. Persuade • Contains mostly opinions. ... Entertain • The author is simply telling a story. ... • Convey a mood. • The author uses imagery and descriptive details to create a certain feeling. ... • Contains many descriptive details (adjectives) and imagery. Inform • Express an opinion • Teach a lesson
  • 5. Pre-Writing • First stage of the writing process • Helps us discover our initial ideas about a subject and put them on paper, though not usually in organized form Common Pre-Writing Strategies 1. Freewriting 2. Brainstorming/Listing 3. Clustering/Mapping 4. Journalistic Questions
  • 6. 1. Freewriting • Jotting down all ideas on a particular topic on paper even before researching about it • Does not require complete sentences, proper spelling, or correct punctuation and grammar • About 10 to 15 minutes to write everything that comes to mind even if it doesn’t necessarily make sense yet.
  • 7. Freewriting Example (Freewriting of a student who needs to write a paper about the environment): I have to write a paper about the environment. I have no idea where to start! I know there are many problems with the environment, but I don’t know much about this topic. Maybe I could take a look at my biology book to come up with some ideas. I know my biology professor is also really into the environment, so maybe I could ask for his help. I remember he was talking about hybrid cars in class the other day and how much better those are for the environment. What is a hybrid car? I know it uses some sort of alternative fuel and they are becoming very popular. Maybe that is something I could write about…
  • 9. Brainstorming/Listing Example (Brainstorming of a student who needs to write a paper about the environment): Environment Problems Future Cars Alternative fuels Hybrid cars Costs Benefits?
  • 10. 3. Clustering/Mapping a. Placing the general subject in a circle in the middle of a blank sheet of paper b. Draw other lines or circles that shoot out from the original topic. c. Grouping the ideas that seem to go together
  • 11. Clustering/Mapping Example (Clustering of a student who needs to write a paper on the value of a college education)
  • 12. 4. Journalistic Questions • Asking and answering who, what, when, where, why, and how questions about the subject • Especially useful when describing a event or writing an information report/essay
  • 13. Journalistic Questions Example (Questions of a student who needs to write a report on the political conflict in the Middle East): • Who is involved in the conflict? • What issues most clearly divide those engaged in this dispute? • When did the troubles in the Middle East begin, and how have they developed over time? • Where does the conflict seem most heated or violent? • Why have those living in this area found it so difficult to resolve the situation? • How might this conflict be resolved?
  • 14. REMEMBER! • Save all of your prewriting work. • Your prewriting will look very different from your final work.