Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Aranya wua
1. APFWMCA
Andhra Pradesh Farmers Water Management Association
“ Networking the water users “
http://fwmca.org/
Water Scenario –challenges & action in AP
2.
3. India water shortage nation already , many villages
lack safe drinking water
India ranks a lowly 120 of 122 countries in world
rated on portable water quality
India has 4% of the world’s water, yet availability
shrinking rapidly
Estimated to become a water-stressed nation by
2020
4.
5.
6. Food security increased in past
30 yrs significantly yet,
Water withdrawals for irrigation
represent 66 % of the total
withdrawals and up to 90 % in arid
regions
Rest 34 % being used by domestic
households (10 %), industry (20
%), or evaporated from reservoirs
(4 %)
7. Need of the hour-Water Security
Food security, Nutrition security, Energy security…!
Prime focus now needs to be …..?
“ Water security “
20th century…oil ruled the globe
21st century…water will rule the globe
8. Average annual rainfall 500 mm(SW) to 1,100 mm (NE)
Total annual yield of surface water (rivers) is assessed at
2,746 tmc
Major contributing rivers are Godavari (54%), Krishna and
Penna rivers
The replenishable groundwater in the State is assessed at
1,068 tmc
The current utilization of water for irrigation is 2268 tmc
The water required by 2025 for irrigation is estimated at
3,814 tmc
9. Some Relevant Facts - AP
27.5 million ha geographical area; Net cropped area 11.5
million ha
Irrigation potential around 11.3 million ha , Irrigated area
5.77 million ha
Net irrigated area 3.88 m ha ;under tube wells(53% );
under canals (34.7%) ;under tanks( 12.3%)
Post 2000 the Canal Irrigation is majorly emphasized upon
Rice is the most important irrigated crop in A.P
10. Constraints of Irrigatory Agriculture - AP
Erratic/ Irregular Rain fall
Lack of Sufficient Irrigation Sources
Indiscriminate Exploitation of Ground Water
Increased Input Costs( fertilizers, labor)
Small land holdings
( Average land holding of AP farmers is 1.4 ha )
Lack /Unavailability of Credit
11. Ground Water Crisis - AP
• Critical &Over Exploitation, Indiscriminate tapping & Gradual
Depletion - Rice cultivation under Well Irrigated areas
CGWA (Central Ground Water Authority) and SGWD (State Body)
declared 80 mandals as critical ;230 mandals as over-exploited
• Poor & Erratic Rainfall Occurrence frequently
• Unregulated Pumping of Wells
• Increase in Wells (2.4 million) ,Increase in Irrigated area (2.6 m ha)
56% of annual ground water resources Exploited
• Deterioration of Ground Water Quality ( Polluted with waste from
Industries, Agriculture & Domestic sectors) – Fluoride problem
12.
13.
14. Tanks
The Major Irrigatory Water Source in 1960s & 1970s;
Complementary ground water recharge resource
Share of Tanks decreased In 1980s and 1990s
Severe Drought in mid-sixties ; growth of Well
Irrigation (2.4 million)
Water Resources Depletion (Gradual disappearance of
Water Tanks, Ponds, Mangroves e.t.c )
15. AP State Government launched “ A Massive 10 years
Watershed Program “ for development of all degraded
and waste lands during 1997 with an aim of treating 100
lakh ha of land
AP State Government has constituted “Water
Conservation Mission “ during April 2001 with the prime
objective of conservation and utilization of water on a
sustainable basis
16. There is 20-25% gap between Irrigation potential
created ( Planned command area) and Irrigation area
utilized (actual irrigated area)
The Government of AP is undertaking Renovation of
Canals, Distribution , Field channel building to bridge
the gap
Water User’s Association (WUA’s) for Administrative
Mechanism to Improve Water Use Efficiency and
Productivity
17. (IWRM WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Bringing the Available Water under Management
Establishing Sustainable Water Management Practices and
Regulation of Usage Limits
Participatory Decision Making involving stake holders at all
levels
Coordination between District Level Administrations
Diverting Water for Optimum Usages
Water Usage Methodology and State Integrated Water
Management (IWRM) Planning
Pooling of Information for Efficient Water Management
Practices
18. WUA SET-UP
Chirman Vice
Chiarman
MC of
PC
Elects Elects
Farmers (Land holders)
TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8 ……………TC12
President Vice
President
MC of
WUA
ElectsElects
Indirect Election
Indirect Election
Direct Election
19. W UA’s - Present Status
PC
DC
WUA
2283
Major Medium Minor
PC
WUA
410
WUA
8076
Notified WUAs :10,769
20. Sl .No Name of the Project Extent
No of
WUAs DC’s No of Farmers
1 Nizamsagar 270000 77 10 54000
2 Nagarajunasagar Left canal 975000 263 30 195000
3
Rajoli Banda Diversion
Scheme 32 5 2000
4 KC Canal 286000 86 14 57200
Projects- Details
21.
22.
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24.
25. An Inter State Project of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States
The ‘Anicut ‘ construction started in 1946, completed by 1958
Water supplied to 143 Km. long R.D.S. Canal to benefit drought affected
area of 15 villages in Karnataka S, 79 Villages in Andhra Pradesh
under R.D.S. Command D/12 Distributaries are in Karnataka & D/12A to
D/40 Distributaries in Andhra Pradesh
To supplement tail end ‘Ayacut’ of RDS of 30,000 Acres RDS link canal was
excavated by extending PJP RMC from Km. 50.266 to 56.667 to meet RDS
Canal at its chain of Km. 116.00.
To match the bed slope of RDS link canal with RMC, RDS Canal from Km.
116.00 to Km. 127.00 was regarded with a bed slope of 1:15000 against the
existing bed slope of 1:5000 of RDS Canal
26. As per K.W.D.T. award 1973, water allocated
to R.D.S. is 17.10 TMC which comprises of
River flows : 10.10 T.M.C.
Assistance from Tungabhadra Project Dam
: 7.00 T.M.C.
-----------------------------
Total =17.10 T.M.C
-----------------------------
27. STATE Andhra
Pradesh
Karnataka
River flows 9.39.
T.M.C.
0.71
T.M.C.
Assistance from
Thungabhadra Project
Dam
6.51
T.M.C.
0.49 T.M.C.
Total: 15.90
T.M.C
1.20 T.M.C
SHARE OF ANDRA PRADESH AND KARNATAKA STATES
36. Major Constraints of Farming - AP
Majorly Rainfall dependent Agriculture even today
Late ,irregular and insufficient rainfall ,when sufficient is for
a short span, Heavy downpour at times causes crop damage
Nearly 60 % Cropping land under Arid and semi arid zones
Small Land holdings
Human Resource scarcity(dependency on manual labor
inspite of increasing mechanization)
Gap between lab and land technologies and extension
Mono Cropping-Rice Majorly
37. Crop Diversification (Rice/Maize) and New
Technologies (System of Rice Intensification - SRI)
Better management of the Whole Production Chain
From Input supplies (seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides) to
Methods (Precise Farming) to Harvest (Clean Harvest)
and Post-Harvest (storage) and Marketing and Value
Addition
Efficient Extension Systems,Mechanisation,Market
Linkages
Proper Irrigatory Sources provision & Efficient
Water management
Required measures
39. Marketing of Horticulture Products-Supply chain
Vegetables:
SUPPLY CHAIN 1
Producer à Commission agent à Wholesaler à Retailler à
Consumer
SUPPLY CHAIN 2
Producer à Commission agent à Primary wholesaler à Secondary
wholesaler à Retailer à Consumer
Fruits:
SUPPLY CHAIN 1
Producer à Pré- Harvest contracter à Commission agent à
Wholesaler à Retailer
à Consumer
SUPPLY CHAIN 2
Producer à Commission agent à Wholesaler à Retailer à
Consumer
40.
41. STATE INITIATIVES
Andhra Pradesh
Loan Eligibility Card distributed and Crop loan
extended for Tenant Farmers as well
Introduction of Intercropping- ground nut +Red gram
and Border Cropping
Adoption of Tree based Farming in Dry land like
mango, Amla, Guava
Promotion of SRI cultivation
Promotion of direct seeding using Fibre Body drum
Seeders
Farm ponds with HDPE lining to provide life saving
Irrigation to Standing Crops
42. RECOMMENDATION OF GROUP
Larger coverage under Micro-Irrigation
Adoption of low External Input Sustainable Agriculture
Evolving a Farmer Friendly Crop Insurance Scheme
More priority on Water Harvesting & In-situ water
Conservation Promotion
Reforms in APMC Act to be explored by corporate sector
Direct Marketing, Private Markets, Contract farming
Creation of Network of farmers’ SHGs
Contract farming through Public Private Partnership
Credit disbursal only through viable End-to-End projects
Enhancement of subsidy on water carrying pipes and
renovators
49. Questions from the farmers
How do farmers sell the Agriculture product?
What kind of value addition will do for their
agriculture product?
What kind of storage facilities do you have to store the
Agriculture product?
How farmers will manage the machinery /equipment?
Do they purchase or hire? If they pay rent, how do they
manage?
50. “Any progress is a result of collective efforts “
Thank you
Water is life's mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water