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economic Security4Women 
www.security4women.org.au 
Ph 1300 918273 
A National Women’s Alliance 
Sally Jope Acting Executive Officer/Policy Advisor
The Australian Care Economy 
A gender perspective 
• Counting on care work in Australia 
AECGroup 2012 
• Scoping the Australian care economy : 
A Gender Equity Perspective 
Valerie Adams 2010
eS4W has 19 Member Organisations 
Find out more re NWAs 
Association of 
Women Educators
Priorities – 2010-2013 
 Gender Equity: Pay, Conditions and Workforce 
Participation with focus on small business 
 The Australian Care Economy 
 Education and Training of Women and Girls 
 Non traditional industries and occupations 
 Gender Statistics and Analysis 
 Collaborations with other Alliances
Findings: unpaid care 
• 21.4 billion hours unpaid care work 
undertaken in 2009-2010 
• Equivalent to 11.1 million FTE positions, 
1.2 times total Australian FTE workforce 
• Imputed value $650.1 billion; 50.6% GDP
Findings: unpaid care 
• The imputed value of unpaid care work in 
Australia for 2009-10 is estimated at 
between 
– $601 billion (replacement cost method) 
– $699 billion (opportunity cost method) 
• At the mid-point ($650 billion) the unpaid 
care sector equated to 51% of GDP in 
2009-10 
• $29,120 per capita
Findings: paid care 
• Income earned by care sector workers in 
2009-10 was $112.4 billion, equating to 
8.8% of total GDP 
• $5,033 per capita 
• 1.8 million EFT workers in care sector 
providing approx 20% all paid work in 
Australia
Paid care demographics 
• Women are the primary paid care 
providers in Australia by three times 
• Paid care sector workers earn 96 cents for 
every dollar earned by the average 
Australian worker 
• Women in the paid care sector earn 84 
cents for every dollar earned by their male 
counterparts
Findings: public investment 
• The Commonwealth, State/Territory and 
local governments spent $136 billion on 
care 
• $6,085 per capita in 2009-10
Informal care 
• Informal carers are most likely women, older than 
the general population, and either working part-time 
or not in the workforce (Access Economics 
2005) 
• Almost half have caring responsibilities equivalent 
to a full-time job and over half experience some 
form of financial difficulty (ABS 2008) 
• About half have no regular assistance with the 
care they provide and around one-third would like 
an improvement in their caring role including better 
financial support (Hales 2007).
Unpaid care 
• Carers have the lowest subjective wellbeing 
of any group yet researched (Cummins & 
Hughes 2007) 
• The government subsidy for informal care is 
much lower than other care streams (Access 
Economics 2005) 
• There is a lack of affordable care options for 
many carers 
• The future supply of informal care may fall 
short of the demand for family-based care.
Paid care 
• Increased labour force participation of women has 
increased the demand for paid care services 
• Paid care services suffer from a ‘cost disease’ 
• Quality of paid care is difficult to specify in 
contracts or monitor 
• Paid care tends to be undervalued in market terms 
wherever it is supplied 
• Low wages result in workers feeling 
demoralised/high turnover/loss skills & experience.
Gender equity 
• The provision of care is a highly gendered 
activity, which reproduces inequality between 
men and women 
• Paid caring work attracts a ‘wage penalty’ 
and pays less than other occupations 
• The personal costs of providing both paid and 
unpaid care are borne disproportionately by 
women and lead to inequality among women 
• Gender norms play a key role in maintaining 
the gender division of labour in care work.
Considerations 
• Workforce flexibility and the availability and 
responsiveness of community support services 
• A prime consideration for an increasing number of 
mature age workers providing care to a frail parent 
or a spouse with a disability 
• Many women’s workforce participation is not 
resulting in adequate superannuation to fund their 
retirement 
• Eliminating the gender wage gap in its entirety 
could be worth around and additional $93 billion or 
8.5% of GDP
Limitations 
• Factors not captured in the research 
– Career progression and increased 
income opportunity costs 
–Emotional labour and stress 
– Financial stress 
– Cultural diversity
Informing government 
• Impact on economic well being and impact 
on retirement savings 
– Policy roundtables 
– Care economy forum 
– Australian Human Rights Commission 
‘Valuing unpaid care’ 
– Report to OfW and Ministers and Opposition 
– Follow up meetings
Counting on Care Work 
• First quantification of the Australian care sector, paid and 
unpaid, using both replacement and opportunity cost 
methods 
– Examining paid care work, unpaid care work and 
government investment in the care sector 
– Labour and resources devoted to the daily care of 
Australians 
– Developing categories, concepts and measures of 
care work to enable international comparisons
economic Security4Women 
www.security4women.org.au 
Ph 1300 918273 
Sally Jope Acting Executive Officer/Policy Advisor

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3.4.3 ms sally jope

  • 1. economic Security4Women www.security4women.org.au Ph 1300 918273 A National Women’s Alliance Sally Jope Acting Executive Officer/Policy Advisor
  • 2. The Australian Care Economy A gender perspective • Counting on care work in Australia AECGroup 2012 • Scoping the Australian care economy : A Gender Equity Perspective Valerie Adams 2010
  • 3. eS4W has 19 Member Organisations Find out more re NWAs Association of Women Educators
  • 4. Priorities – 2010-2013  Gender Equity: Pay, Conditions and Workforce Participation with focus on small business  The Australian Care Economy  Education and Training of Women and Girls  Non traditional industries and occupations  Gender Statistics and Analysis  Collaborations with other Alliances
  • 5. Findings: unpaid care • 21.4 billion hours unpaid care work undertaken in 2009-2010 • Equivalent to 11.1 million FTE positions, 1.2 times total Australian FTE workforce • Imputed value $650.1 billion; 50.6% GDP
  • 6. Findings: unpaid care • The imputed value of unpaid care work in Australia for 2009-10 is estimated at between – $601 billion (replacement cost method) – $699 billion (opportunity cost method) • At the mid-point ($650 billion) the unpaid care sector equated to 51% of GDP in 2009-10 • $29,120 per capita
  • 7. Findings: paid care • Income earned by care sector workers in 2009-10 was $112.4 billion, equating to 8.8% of total GDP • $5,033 per capita • 1.8 million EFT workers in care sector providing approx 20% all paid work in Australia
  • 8. Paid care demographics • Women are the primary paid care providers in Australia by three times • Paid care sector workers earn 96 cents for every dollar earned by the average Australian worker • Women in the paid care sector earn 84 cents for every dollar earned by their male counterparts
  • 9. Findings: public investment • The Commonwealth, State/Territory and local governments spent $136 billion on care • $6,085 per capita in 2009-10
  • 10. Informal care • Informal carers are most likely women, older than the general population, and either working part-time or not in the workforce (Access Economics 2005) • Almost half have caring responsibilities equivalent to a full-time job and over half experience some form of financial difficulty (ABS 2008) • About half have no regular assistance with the care they provide and around one-third would like an improvement in their caring role including better financial support (Hales 2007).
  • 11. Unpaid care • Carers have the lowest subjective wellbeing of any group yet researched (Cummins & Hughes 2007) • The government subsidy for informal care is much lower than other care streams (Access Economics 2005) • There is a lack of affordable care options for many carers • The future supply of informal care may fall short of the demand for family-based care.
  • 12. Paid care • Increased labour force participation of women has increased the demand for paid care services • Paid care services suffer from a ‘cost disease’ • Quality of paid care is difficult to specify in contracts or monitor • Paid care tends to be undervalued in market terms wherever it is supplied • Low wages result in workers feeling demoralised/high turnover/loss skills & experience.
  • 13. Gender equity • The provision of care is a highly gendered activity, which reproduces inequality between men and women • Paid caring work attracts a ‘wage penalty’ and pays less than other occupations • The personal costs of providing both paid and unpaid care are borne disproportionately by women and lead to inequality among women • Gender norms play a key role in maintaining the gender division of labour in care work.
  • 14. Considerations • Workforce flexibility and the availability and responsiveness of community support services • A prime consideration for an increasing number of mature age workers providing care to a frail parent or a spouse with a disability • Many women’s workforce participation is not resulting in adequate superannuation to fund their retirement • Eliminating the gender wage gap in its entirety could be worth around and additional $93 billion or 8.5% of GDP
  • 15. Limitations • Factors not captured in the research – Career progression and increased income opportunity costs –Emotional labour and stress – Financial stress – Cultural diversity
  • 16. Informing government • Impact on economic well being and impact on retirement savings – Policy roundtables – Care economy forum – Australian Human Rights Commission ‘Valuing unpaid care’ – Report to OfW and Ministers and Opposition – Follow up meetings
  • 17. Counting on Care Work • First quantification of the Australian care sector, paid and unpaid, using both replacement and opportunity cost methods – Examining paid care work, unpaid care work and government investment in the care sector – Labour and resources devoted to the daily care of Australians – Developing categories, concepts and measures of care work to enable international comparisons
  • 18. economic Security4Women www.security4women.org.au Ph 1300 918273 Sally Jope Acting Executive Officer/Policy Advisor

Editor's Notes

  1. The members of eS4W made the decision for this work to be undertaken; they identified the issue as being critical to women’s economic well being. Our members are organisations that want economic wellbeing for all Australian Women and girls Represent employers and employees have extensive networks across urban and regional Australia whose primary interests are women and women’s issues who have a focus on national policy issues affecting women NWAs role is to consult with women and inform government I suggest you find out more about the NWAs- link from our website-funded by Australian Government as a link with women of australia Care Economy-impact of womens paid and unpaid care work on economic well being-one of our key issues 2010-2013
  2. Other key issues include We are in process of planning for next three year period Consult with members, offer advice, develop plan
  3. Counting on care work is the first quantitative measure of the care economy in Australia Based on methodology of quantification in US-details in report. The number of hours of unpaid care work is staggering
  4. 2009-10 dollars/figures