2. CZOCHRALSKI CRYSTAL GROWTH
Name:-JAN CZOCHRALSKI
Year:-1918
Use:-To obtain single crystal of
semiconductor . Eg - Si, Ge, Ag, Au.
BRIDGMAN CRYSTAL GROWTH
Name:-PERCY WILLIAMS BRIDGMAN
Year:-1925
Use:-extensively for the growth of
gallium arsenide and related
compound semiconductor crystal.6
4. OXIDE MASKING METHOD
Name:- Carl Frosch and Lincoln Derick
Year:-1957
Use:-oxide layer can prevent most
impurity atoms from diffusing through
it.
HYBRID INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Name:-JACK KILBY
Year:-1959
Use:-in various electronic
equipments.Eg-
mobiles,computers,digital home
appliences.
6. Transferred Electron Diode
Name:- J.B .Gunn
Year:-1963
Use:-detection system, remote
controls, microwave test
instruments.
IMPATT Diode
Name:-Ralph L. Johnston
Year:-1965
Use:-used as radar and alarm
system, it can generate the
highest continuous-wave(CW).
8. NVSM(Nonvolatile
semiconductor Memory)
Name:- Kahvg and SZE
Year:-1967
Use:-refer the information when
the power supply is switched off.
POLYSILICON SELF-ALIGNED GATE
Name:-Kerwin ,Klein &Sarac
Year:-1969
Use:-as a mask for the doping of
the source and drain regions.
9. MOCVD(Metal Organic Vapors
Deposition)
Name:-Manasevit & Simpson
Year:-1969
Use:- produce single or
polycrystalline thin films.
CCD(Chang Coupled Device)
Name:-Boyle And Amith
Year:-1970
Use:-used in videos cameras and
in optical sensing applications.
10. Microprocessor(4004)
Name:-Hoffetal.
Year:-1971
Use:- Incorporates the functions
of a computer's central processing
unit (CPU) on a single integrated
circuit (IC).
RTD( Resonant Tunneling
Diode)
Name:-Chawg
Year:-1974
Use:-used for most quantum
effect devices which offer
internally high density,ultraspeed
and enhanced functionality.
11. SINGLE CRYSTAL
• A single crystal is a material in
which the crystal lattice is
continuous throughout.
• Atoms are oriented in one
direction.
• They are anisotropic.
• Infinite periodicity.
USES :-
• In fabrication of semiconductors.
• Used for lasers and non linear
optics.(sapphire),
• Used in the objective
lenses.(fluorite).
12. POLYCRYSTAL
• Aggregate of several crystals or
grains.
• All single crystal have different
orientation.
• They are anisotropic and
isotropic in nature,
• Atomic structure has long-range
order.
USES:-
• Manufacturing of solar cell.
13. AMORPHOUS SOLID
• Don't have definite geometrical
shape.
• They have no long range order.
• Isotropic in nature.
USES:-
• a-Si solar cells.
• thin-film silicon solar cells.