2. • WHAT IS SURFACE WEB
SURFACE WEB PART OF THE WEB WHICH WE CAN ACCESS. BUT IN THE SAME WAY THAT ONLY THE TIP OF AN
ICEBERG IS VISIBLE TO OBSERVERS, A TRADITIONAL SEARCH ENGINE SEES ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF THE
INFORMATION THAT'S AVAILABLE.
• WHAT IS DEEP WEB?
DEEP WEB IS THE PART OF THE WEB WHICH IS HIDDEN FROM US AND WHICH CANNOT BE ACCESSED BY
NORMAL SEARCH ENGINES LIKE GOOGLE OR BING.

4. HOW REALLY BIG IS DEEP WEB
• THE DEEP WEB IS ENORMOUS IN COMPARISON TO THE SURFACE WEB. TODAY'S WEB HAS MORE THAN
555 MILLION REGISTERED DOMAINS. EACH OF THOSE DOMAINS CAN HAVE DOZENS, HUNDREDS OR EVEN
THOUSANDS OF SUB-PAGES, MANY OF WHICH AREN'T CATALOGUED, AND THUS FALL INTO THE CATEGORY
OF DEEP WEB.
• ALTHOUGH NOBODY REALLY KNOWS FOR SURE, THE DEEP WEB MAY BE 400 TO 500 TIMES BIGGER THAT
THE SURFACE WEB [SOURCE: BRIGHTPLANET]. AND BOTH THE SURFACE AND DEEP WEB GROW BIGGER
AND BIGGER EVERY DAY.

5. • EVERYTHING NOT FOUND BY A SEARCH ENGINE’S SPIDER PROGRAM IS PART OF THE INVISIBLE WEB
• WEBPAGES WITH NO LINKS ON THEM, CALLED DISCONNECTED PAGES
• PASSWORD PROTECTED WEBPAGES
• WEBPAGES GENERATED FROM DATABASES
• DYNAMICALLY GENERATED WEBPAGES
• REAL-TIME CONTENT
• WEBPAGES WITH NON-HTML TEXT, OR ANY CODING THAT A SPIDER PROGRAM CAN NOT UNDERSTAND
• MOST WEBPAGES ON THE INTERNET ARE NOT INDEXED BY SEARCH ENGINES
• SOME EXPERTS ESTIMATE THAT AS MUCH AS 96% OF THE ENTIRE INTERNET IS INVISIBLE WEB CONTENT

7. SEARCH ENGINES
•PROGRAMS THAT SEARCH DOCUMENTS FOR SPECIFIED KEYWORDS OR
PHRASES AND RETURNS A LIST OF DOCUMENTS WHERE THE KEYWORDS
WERE FOUND

8. HOW SEARCH ENGINE WORKS

9. RESOURCES TO ACCESS DEEP WEB
•TOR(THE ONION ROUTER)
RESULT OF RESEARCH DONE BY THE U.S. NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY,
WHICH CREATED TOR FOR POLITICAL DISSIDENTS AND WHISTLE-BLOWERS,
ALLOWING THEM TO COMMUNICATE WITHOUT FEAR OF REPRISAL
IT PROVED DIFFICULT FOR U.S. LAW ENFORCEMENT TO TRACK DOWN
CRIMINALS AND PROVED TO BE A DOUBLE EDGED SWORD

10. THE TOR EFFECT
• TOR IS VERY MUCH EFFECTIVE IN PROVIDING ANONYMITY AND IS USED BY VARIOUS GROUPS OF PEOPLE
LIKE
INDIVIDUALS USE TOR TO KEEP WEBSITES FROM TRACKING THEM AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS
JOURNALISTS USE TOR TO COMMUNICATE MORE SAFELY WITH WHISTLE-BLOWERS AND DISSIDENTS.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) USE TOR TO ALLOW THEIR WORKERS TO CONNECT TO
THEIR HOME WEBSITE WHILE THEY'RE IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY
ACTIVIST GROUPS LIKE THE ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION (EFF) RECOMMEND TOR AS A
MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING CIVIL LIBERTIES ONLINE.

11. BITCOIN
• TO PROVIDE ANONYMITY THE MONEY-RELATED TRANSACTIONS USED
BITCOINS AND SELLERS AND BUYERS COULDN'T IDENTIFY EACH OTHER.
• IT'S BASICALLY AN ENCRYPTED DIGITAL CURRENCY LIKE REGULAR CASH
• NO ONE CAN TRACE A PURCHASE, ILLEGAL OR OTHERWISE.
• BUT BECAUSE BITCOIN ISN'T BACKED BY ANY GOVERNMENT, ITS VALUE
FLUCTUATES, OFTEN WILDLY. IT'S ANYTHING BUT A SAFE PLACE TO STORE
YOUR LIFE SAVINGS.
• BUT WHEN PAIRED PROPERLY WITH TOR, IT'S PERHAPS THE CLOSEST
THING TO A FOOL PROOF WAY TO BUY AND SELL ON THE WEB.
• BITCOIN MAY BE THE CURRENCY OF THE FUTURE -- A DECENTRALIZED AND
UNREGULATED TYPE OF MONEY FREE OF THE REINS OF ANY ONE
GOVERNMENT.

13. THE BRIGHT SIDE
• THE DARK WEB IS HOME TO ALTERNATE SEARCH ENGINES, E-MAIL SERVICES, FILE STORAGE, FILE
SHARING, SOCIAL MEDIA, CHAT SITES, NEWS OUTLETS AND WHISTLEBLOWING SITES.
• IN AN AGE WHERE NSA-TYPE SURVEILLANCE IS OMNIPRESENT THE DARK WEB OFFERS SOME RELIEF TO
PEOPLE WHO PRIZE THEIR ANONYMITY.
• DARK WEB DOESN'T TRACK YOUR ONLINE BEHAVIOUR OR OFFER ADVERTISEMENTS.
• BITCOIN MAY NOT BE ENTIRELY STABLE, BUT IT OFFERS PRIVACY, WHICH IS SOMETHING YOUR CREDIT
CARD COMPANY MOST CERTAINLY DOES NOT.

14. THE BRIGHT SIDE
• THE DARK WEB OFFERS A MORE SECURE WAY TO COMMUNICATE FOR CITIZENS IN COUNTRIES WITH
VIOLENT LEADERS WITH LIKE-MINDED INDIVIDUALS.
• A PAPER WRITTEN BY RESEARCHERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LUXEMBOURG ATTEMPTED TO RANK THE
MOST COMMONLY ACCESSED MATERIALS ON THE DARK WEB, THEY FOUND WAS THAT ALTHOUGH SITES
TRADING IN ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES, SO TOO ARE THOSE CONCERNED WITH HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM
OF INFORMATION

15. DARKNESS FALLS
• YOU CAN FIND ILLEGAL GOODS AND ACTIVITIES OF ALL KINDS THROUGH THE DARK WEB.
• IT MAINTAIN ANONYMITY ONLINE BUT PROVES TO BE DANGEROUS.
• THAT INCLUDES ILLICIT DRUGS, CHILD PORNOGRAPHY, STOLEN CREDIT CARD NUMBERS, HUMAN
TRAFFICKING, WEAPONS, EXOTIC ANIMALS, COPYRIGHTED MEDIA. BUT YOU WON'T FIND THIS
• INFORMATION WITH A GOOGLE SEARCH. THESE KINDS OF WEB SITES REQUIRE YOU TO USE SPECIAL
SOFTWARE, SUCH AS THE ONION ROUTER, MORE COMMONLY KNOWN AS TOR.

17. THE SILK ROAD
• THE MOST INFAMOUS OF THESE ONION SITES WAS AN ONLINE MARKETPLACE WHERE USERS COULD BUY
DRUGS, GUNS AND ALL SORTS OF OTHER ILLEGAL ITEMS.
• BEST KNOWN AS A PLATFORM FOR SELLING ILLEGAL DRUGS. AS PART OF THE DEEP WEB. IT WAS OPERATED AS
A TOR HIDDEN SERVICE, SUCH THAT ONLINE USERS WERE ABLE TO BROWSE IT ANONYMOUSLY AND SECURELY
WITHOUT POTENTIAL TRAFFIC MONITORING. THE WEBSITE WAS LAUNCHED IN FEBRUARY 2011.
• IN 2013, THE FBI SHUT DOWN THE WEBSITE AND ARRESTED ROSS WILLIAM ULBRICHT UNDER CHARGES OF
BEING THE SITE'S PSEUDONYMOUS FOUNDER "DREAD PIRATE ROBERTS".
• ON 6 NOVEMBER 2013, SILK ROAD 2.0 CAME ONLINE, RUN BY FORMER ADMINISTRATORS OF SILK ROAD.IT TOO
WAS SHUT DOWN AND THE ALLEGED OPERATOR ARRESTED ON 6 NOVEMBER 2014 AS PART OF THE SO-CALLED
"OPERATION ONYMOUS".

21. CONCLUSION
• DESPITE THE VAST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION THE DEEP WEB CONTAINS, IT IS STILL AN AMBIGUOUS
PART OF THE DIGITAL WORLD.
• MANY INTERNET USERS HAVE NOT HEARD OF IT AND BELIEVE THAT WHAT THEY SEE ON THEIR GOOGLE
SEARCH RESULTS IS ALL THAT THE WEB HAS TO OFFER.
• OTHERS WOULD RATHER HAVE IT ABOLISHED, CLAIMING THAT IT IS AN UNDERGROUND WORLD OF CRIME
AND UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR.
• THEN THERE ARE THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN THE POSSIBILITIES OF THIS UNEXPLORED FRONTIER,
BUT SIMPLY DO NOT KNOW WHERE TO BEGIN THE DEEP WEB IS NOT GOING AWAY ANYTIME SOON.
• IT IS WORTH OUR TIME TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE ITS CONTENTS AND LEARN HOW TO HARNESS ITS
POWER.

22. 10 FACTS ABOUT DEEP WEB