1. Fire Hazards :
Safety Measures for Prevention in Commercial
Spaces
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT
(DM 608)
SUBMITTED BY :
Ankita Prasun
M.Tech- 1st Year
Man – Made and Biological Hazards

2. Hazard
A situation having potential to harm life, health, property or environment.
What is a Fire Hazard ?
 Any object, building, plants etc. that could easily catch fire or cause
a fire, thereby endangering life, property, health or environment.
 One of the greatest threats to a business.
 Can start anywhere
 Holds the potential to destroy everything coming in its way.

3. How does FIRE ignite ?
For Fire, there has to be:
1. Oxygen to sustain combustion
2. Heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature
3. Fuel or Combustible materials
A combination of all the above creates FIRE
Breaking the above combination prevents FIRE
FUEL TYPE
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Increasing Severity

4.  Through combustible materials:
• papers, files, etc.
• old or waste materials
 Unventilated Areas:
• UPS or battery rooms
• electrical panels or cabinets
 Electrical Faults
 Open flames:
• smoking
• pantry
• electric device failures
How does FIRE ignite ?

5. Types of FIRE

6. 1. Multi plugging
2. Faulty electrical appliances
 UPS
 Air conditioner
 Stabilizer
 Lighting fixtures
3. Overrun of Air-Conditioner
 PC rooms
4. Improper distribution of electric loads
5. Improper Earthing
6. Conditions like:
 Connected load > Sanctioned load
Electrical Faults

7. 1. Electrical Audit
2. AMC of AC and UPS
3. Modular Fire Extinguishers in UPS cabin
4. Air conditioners with timer
5. Proper Earthing
6. Sanction of additional load
7. Single main switch for lighting and power
8. MCB or ELCB installations
9. Installation and maintenance of FIRE Alarm system:
 Smoke/ heat detector
 Fire Alarm panel
 Hooters
Electrical Safety

8.  Branch Inspection Check Points:
• Scale of Fire Extinguishers
• Refilling of Fire Extinguishers
• Modular Extinguisher in UPS cabin
• Fire alarm system
• Electrical audit
• General wiring
• Ventilation and cooling of UPS room
Electrical Safety cont …

9. Essentials of NBC : Construction
Architectural Safety
Means of Access
 Open Space:
 Street = 12metres (min.)
 Entrance = 4.5/5 meters (min.)
 Fire Lift:
 Enclosures (2hr ratings)
 Doors (1.5 hr rating)
 One per 1200sqm floor area
 8 persons/545 kg
 1.4sqm lift area
 Ground to top in 1 minute
Means of Escape
 Refugee Area:
 15 sqm
 Exit Sign and Illumination:
 10 Lux
 Travel Distance:
 30mtr/15mtr
 Exit Doorway (width):
 1mtr (min.)
 Staircase Pressurization
 Subdividing business building spaces

10. Essentials of NBC : Fire Safety
Architectural Safety
 Fire Extinguishers
 Automated Fire Alarms
 Hydrant System or Hose Heel
 Hose Box
 Fire Pump
 PA System
 Alternative power source
 Lift, stairway, corridors
 Compartmentation
 Emergency lighting system
 Escape Lighting
 Automatic Sprinkler System

11. Fire Fighting : New Developments
 New Indian Specification for portable Fire Extinguishers –
notified by BIS
 Present ISI numbers of portable extinguishers:
 Water Type – IS 940
 DCP Type – IS 2171
 CO2 Type – IS 2878
 IS 15683 is being notified as single IS Code for all types of
portable fire extinguishers.
 Recommended brands for Fire Extinguishers:
 Minimax
 Safex
 LifeGuard
 Omex
 Other certified by BIS
Type Capacity Cost
Water 9.0 ltrs 1500 - 2000
CO2 4.5 kg 4000-5000
DCP 5.0 kg 1500 - 2000
ABC 5.0 kg 2500 - 3500
Modular 5.0 kg 4000 - 5000

12. Fire Fighting
AMC of Fire Fighting Equipment:
Type Maintenance hecking
Water Half-yearly Annually
CO2 Half-yearly Annually
DCP Half-yearly Annually
ABC Half-yearly Biannually
Modular Half-yearly Biannually
 Fire Alarm System: Quarterly Checking
Modular Type fire Extinguisher (ceiling mounted)
DCP (Dry Chemical Powder) Type fire Extinguisher

13. THANK YOU !