SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 
Public Speaking – 25.103 - Preparation Outline Guide 
The preparation outline helps you prepare the speech. The following is a guide to use as you develop 
your preparation outline. Your outline will not be identical since your material and your choice of a pattern of 
organization will determine how many main points and sub-points you need. See chapter 10 of your textbook 
for additional information about preparation outlines and a sample preparation outline with commentary. The 
preparation outline must be typed, stapled, and should be 2-3 pages in length. 
The preparation outline is due BEFORE you deliver your speech. You’ll hand it to Dr. Rumbough on 
your way up to the podium when it’s your turn to speak. 
Name: 
Date: 
Section: 
Title of Speech 
Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about . . . 
Pattern of Organization: (Topical Order, Problem–solution Order, Chronological order, etc.) 
INTRODUCTION: Here you can offer some of the ideas you have for the introduction. Label the following parts 
of the introduction as you compose it 
A. Attention Grabber: 
B. Reveal Topic: 
C. Credibility Statement: 
D. How topic relates to audience: 
E. Preview of main points: 
BODY 
[connective: Make sure the audience knows you are moving from the introduction to the first main point.] 
A. Main Point 1: State the first main point of the speech in a complete sentence. 
A. sub-point - Use subpoints and sub-sub points as needed. Give some details for each subpoint. You 
can also indicate what your supporting material is: Will you tell a story here, will you state some 
testimony, or present some statistics? 
B. sub-point 
sub-sub-point 
sub-sub-point 
[connective: Create a connective to help the audience move from the first main point to the second.] 
II. Main Point 2: Another full sentence that states your second main point of the speech. 
A. sub-point 
B. sub-point 
sub-sub-point 
sub-sub-point 
[connective: Make sure the audience knows you are moving into the conclusion.] 
CONCLUSION: 
I. Reinforce the central idea – write out your summary of your main points. 
II. Signal the end of the speech – Identify how you’ll end the speech. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY: List complete citations for the research materials that you have used in your speech.
2 
Guidelines for Citing Sources in your Bibliography 
Journal article, two authors (underline the title of the journal, the comma, the space, and the volume 
number) 
Jones, R., & Smith, S. (2003). Firing procedures in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: 
Practice and Research, 44 (3), 10-36. 
Magazine article (underline the title of the magazine, the comma, the space, and the volume number) 
Kishman, K.B. (2002, October 26). Seeing the brain. Discover, 262, 673-676. 
Newspaper article (underline the name of the newspaper) 
Schwartz, L. (2002, November 3). Obesity and its affects. The Daily Times, pp. A1, A4. 
Newspaper article, no author (underline the name of the newspaper) 
New drug cuts risk of death from cholesterol. (2003, July 15). The New York Times, p. A12. 
Abstract from secondary source (underline the name of the journal, the comma, the space, the volume 
number and the name of the secondary source) 
Nieto, K. (2002). Cognitive functions of centipedes. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2, 9-16. 
(From PsychSCAN: Neurophysiology, 2001, 4, Abstracts No. 614) 
Book (underline the title of the book) 
Connely, P.J. (2001). Conflict-resolution: A look at disputes in corporate America. Washington, DC: 
American Psychological Association. 
Encyclopedia or Dictionary (underline the title of the book) 
Zinks, M. (Ed.). (1999). The Haven dictionary of sports (4th ed., Vols 2-10). London: Macmillan. 
Film (underline the name of the film) 
Garrison, P. (Producer), & Michaels, L.L. (Director). (1992). Changing our minds: The story of Lucy 
Brown (Film). (Available from Changing Our Minds, Inc., 170 West End Avenue, Suite 25R, 
New York, NY 10023). 
Television broadcast (underline the name of the TV show) 
Portia, L. (Executive Producer). (2006, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour. New York and 
Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service. 
Online periodical (underline the name of the periodical and the volume number) 
Author, I. (date). Title of article. Name of periodical (Online), xx. Available: specify online address. 
Internet Sources 
Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of medium]. Producer (optional). Available Protocol (if 
applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date]. 
Music piracy suits could bring backlash. (September 12, 2007). In CNN.Com/Technology [Online]. 
Available: http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/internet/09/10/backlash.music.ap/index.html. 
[September 14, 2007]. 
Pritzker, T. J. (No date). An Early fragment from central Nepal [Online]. Available: 
http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritzker.html [September 14, 2007]. 
Personal Interview (Name, Title, “Personal Communication,” Date) 
Frank Smith, Ph.D. Professor of Biology. Personal Communication, January 18, 2008.
3 
John Doe 
January 20, 2008 
25.103.17 
Internet Pirating 
Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about Internet Pirating. 
Pattern of Organization: Topical Order 
I. INTRODUCTION: 
A. Attention Grabber: (Play sample of pirated movie on computer.) How many of 
you think that I just played a DVD? The truth is that I played a pirated movie 
obtained from the Internet. 
B. Reveal Topic: I’ll be talking about how the Internet can be used for pirating 
movies, music, and software. 
C. Credibility Statement: I’ve been researching this topic for several weeks. I also 
have about two years experience with the using the programs that I’ll be 
discussing. 
D. How topic relates to audience: I’m sure that all of us listen to music, watch movies 
and use computer software. Since pirating is becoming so commonplace, I’ll bet all of 
us know someone who is getting illegally copyrighted material from the Internet. 
E. Preview of main points: Today I’ll discuss: what can be pirated, how it’s being 
done, and then I’ll show the legal aspects of pirating. 
II. BODY 
[connective: The first thing that I would like you to know about are the types of things can be 
pirated from the Internet.] 
A. Main Point 1: People are using the Internet to pirate (illegally copy) such things as 
music, movies, and software. 
1. Music – over 100,000 titles available. Give examples of MP3s (music files that can be 
downloaded.) Play brief example of MP3 song. 
2. Movies – Explain that there are thousands of movies available. Give brief list. Play 
short clip from the movie Lord of the Rings: Return of the King. 
3. Software – Give examples: Applications such as PageMaker, Games such as Half – 
life, and even kids’ programs such as Blues Clues. 
4. Ask audience for other examples of the kinds of things that they have pirated. 
[connective: Now that you have an idea of what can be pirated, let’s take a look at how 
people are doing it.] 
B. Main Point 2: Millions of people are using Peer-to-Peer programs to download these files. 
1. Explain what Peer-to-Peer file sharing is. 
2. Ask audience about what programs they have used. 
3. Describe the programs: Kazaalite, Shareaza, Bit Torrent (Zeropaid.com).
4 
A. Show screen shots of Shareaza. 
B. Show example of how Kazalite works. 
[connective: I’ve shown you how people are pirating, but it’s illegal to download copyright 
material, we’ll discuss what could happen if people are caught doing this.] 
C. Main Point 3: If a person is caught downloading, there could be several repercussions. 
1. Explain copyright law. 
2. Explain how people are being caught. Tell story of college student in California and 
how he got caught. 
3. Effects of getting caught. 
A. If caught, you might lose access to the Internet (Smith, 2008). – Many Internet 
providers are cutting off access to those engage in pirating. 
B. You might be fined. Tell story of 30 year –old woman who was ordered by a 
federal judge to pay $220,000 in fines for sharing 24 songs 
(Minn Women to Pay..., 2007). 
C. You might go to jail (Mann, 2008). Tell story of man facing 5 years in prison. 
D. Lawsuits – RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) has filed at least 
500 subpoenas in the last year (Schwartz, 2008). 
CONCLUSION: 
I. Reinforce the central idea: (Summarize main points): Today I’ve talked about 
what can be pirated, how it’s being done, and I showed you the legal aspects of 
pirating. 
II. Signal the end of the speech – As you can see, this is an issue that is not going to 
go away. Let’s just hope that you will not be one of those people that will get that 
subpoena from the Recording Industry Association of America. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY: 
Bob Smith. Director of Academic Computing, Bloomsburg University. Personal 
Communication. January 20, 2008. 
Minn. Woman to Pay for Illegal Music Downloads. In NPR.Org. October 5, 2007. Available 
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15037223. [May 28, 2008] 
Zeropaid.com. Top File Sharing Programs. http://www.zeropaid.com/php/filesharing.php. 
[January 28, 2008.]. 
Schwartz, John. Music Industry Returns to Court, Altering Tactics on File Sharing. In 
NewYorkTimes.com/Business. January 22, 2008 Available: 
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/business/media/22music.html. [January 28, 2008]. 
Mann, Justin. (May 23, 2008.) Five years in Jail for a pirate. In Techspot.com. Available: 
http://www.techspot.com/news/30175-five-years-in-jail-for-a-pirate.html. [May 28, 
2008].

More Related Content

What's hot

Steps in planning a presentation
Steps in planning a presentationSteps in planning a presentation
Steps in planning a presentation
Nemwos
 
The Toulmin Model of Argument
The Toulmin Model of ArgumentThe Toulmin Model of Argument
The Toulmin Model of Argumentfrickewi
 
Presentation skills
Presentation skillsPresentation skills
Presentation skills
Deep Patel
 
Top 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answers
Top 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answersTop 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answers
Top 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answersmayliaofficiel
 
How to make presentation of report or thesis
How to make presentation of report or thesisHow to make presentation of report or thesis
How to make presentation of report or thesis
Dhangadhi, Nepal
 
Fourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion Section
Fourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion SectionFourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion Section
Fourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion Sectionchenv
 
Research Report Writing
Research Report WritingResearch Report Writing
Research Report Writing
Boutkhil Guemide
 
APA Made Easy
APA Made Easy APA Made Easy
APA Made Easy
Kathleen Byrne Heidecker
 

What's hot (8)

Steps in planning a presentation
Steps in planning a presentationSteps in planning a presentation
Steps in planning a presentation
 
The Toulmin Model of Argument
The Toulmin Model of ArgumentThe Toulmin Model of Argument
The Toulmin Model of Argument
 
Presentation skills
Presentation skillsPresentation skills
Presentation skills
 
Top 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answers
Top 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answersTop 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answers
Top 10 ib coordinator interview questions and answers
 
How to make presentation of report or thesis
How to make presentation of report or thesisHow to make presentation of report or thesis
How to make presentation of report or thesis
 
Fourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion Section
Fourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion SectionFourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion Section
Fourteen Steps To Writing An Effective Discussion Section
 
Research Report Writing
Research Report WritingResearch Report Writing
Research Report Writing
 
APA Made Easy
APA Made Easy APA Made Easy
APA Made Easy
 

Viewers also liked

Informative speech outline
Informative speech outlineInformative speech outline
Informative speech outlineCliff Carter
 
Public Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence Outline
Public Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence OutlinePublic Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence Outline
Public Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence OutlineZhen(Jane) Qin
 
Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)
Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)
Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)Naquiah Khesa
 
Speech Outline
Speech OutlineSpeech Outline
Speech Outlineratusyamra
 
Persuasive Speech
Persuasive SpeechPersuasive Speech
Persuasive Speech
Casey Sherwin
 
Commemorative Speech Template
Commemorative Speech TemplateCommemorative Speech Template
Commemorative Speech TemplateAiden Yeh
 
Informative speech outline
Informative speech outlineInformative speech outline
Informative speech outlinejackiecare64
 
Informative speech process outline
Informative speech process outlineInformative speech process outline
Informative speech process outlineEarl The-ZebraKing
 
Hacking an Interview using Public Speaking Tips
Hacking an Interview using Public Speaking TipsHacking an Interview using Public Speaking Tips
Hacking an Interview using Public Speaking Tips
SketchBubble
 
Social Networking Informative Speech
Social Networking Informative SpeechSocial Networking Informative Speech
Social Networking Informative SpeechCory Bohon
 
Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012
Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012
Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012rclambert
 
Sample outline for speech of tribute
Sample outline for speech of tributeSample outline for speech of tribute
Sample outline for speech of tributeMendez456
 

Viewers also liked (13)

Preparation outline 2
Preparation outline 2Preparation outline 2
Preparation outline 2
 
Informative speech outline
Informative speech outlineInformative speech outline
Informative speech outline
 
Public Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence Outline
Public Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence OutlinePublic Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence Outline
Public Speaking - Informative Speech Full Sentence Outline
 
Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)
Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)
Informative speech outline (overcome insomnia)
 
Speech Outline
Speech OutlineSpeech Outline
Speech Outline
 
Persuasive Speech
Persuasive SpeechPersuasive Speech
Persuasive Speech
 
Commemorative Speech Template
Commemorative Speech TemplateCommemorative Speech Template
Commemorative Speech Template
 
Informative speech outline
Informative speech outlineInformative speech outline
Informative speech outline
 
Informative speech process outline
Informative speech process outlineInformative speech process outline
Informative speech process outline
 
Hacking an Interview using Public Speaking Tips
Hacking an Interview using Public Speaking TipsHacking an Interview using Public Speaking Tips
Hacking an Interview using Public Speaking Tips
 
Social Networking Informative Speech
Social Networking Informative SpeechSocial Networking Informative Speech
Social Networking Informative Speech
 
Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012
Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012
Ad Analysis Outline June 1 2012
 
Sample outline for speech of tribute
Sample outline for speech of tributeSample outline for speech of tribute
Sample outline for speech of tribute
 

Similar to Preparation outline handout_2014 # Public Speaking

How To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps Teaching Writi
How To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps  Teaching WritiHow To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps  Teaching Writi
How To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps Teaching Writi
Erin Taylor
 
Short Essay On Genetically Modified Food
Short Essay On Genetically Modified FoodShort Essay On Genetically Modified Food
Short Essay On Genetically Modified Food
Alison Parker
 
Argumentative Essay Lessons
Argumentative Essay LessonsArgumentative Essay Lessons
Argumentative Essay Lessons
Jennifer York
 
(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.
(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.
(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.
Julia Solem
 
Lesson 5 real media texts
Lesson 5  real media textsLesson 5  real media texts
Lesson 5 real media texts
CoombeMedia1
 
Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Angela Jennings
 
The english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the place
The english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the placeThe english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the place
The english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the place
cherry686017
 
Speech Outline Essay
Speech Outline EssaySpeech Outline Essay
Speech Outline Essay
College Papers Help Melrose Park
 
Web 2.0
Web 2.0Web 2.0
Web 2.0
gueste9fa65
 
COURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docx
COURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docxCOURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docx
COURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docx
marilucorr
 
Ssrp intro lesson
Ssrp intro lessonSsrp intro lesson
Ssrp intro lesson
lucygoodhew
 
PROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projec
PROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projecPROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projec
PROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projec
davieec5f
 
Essay Outline Practice
Essay Outline PracticeEssay Outline Practice
essay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docx
essay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docxessay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docx
essay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docx
bridgelandying
 
Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Molly Crosby
 
Essay Statement Of Purpose Engineering Management
Essay Statement Of Purpose Engineering ManagementEssay Statement Of Purpose Engineering Management
Essay Statement Of Purpose Engineering Management
Tiffany Rodriguez
 
Essay Examples For University
Essay Examples For UniversityEssay Examples For University
Essay Examples For University
Jenny Richardson
 

Similar to Preparation outline handout_2014 # Public Speaking (20)

092809 Gov Brick City 50m
092809 Gov Brick City 50m092809 Gov Brick City 50m
092809 Gov Brick City 50m
 
How To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps Teaching Writi
How To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps  Teaching WritiHow To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps  Teaching Writi
How To Write An Essay In 5 Easy Steps Teaching Writi
 
Short Essay On Genetically Modified Food
Short Essay On Genetically Modified FoodShort Essay On Genetically Modified Food
Short Essay On Genetically Modified Food
 
WRA 150 Week 9 in-class
WRA 150 Week 9 in-classWRA 150 Week 9 in-class
WRA 150 Week 9 in-class
 
Argumentative Essay Lessons
Argumentative Essay LessonsArgumentative Essay Lessons
Argumentative Essay Lessons
 
(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.
(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.
(PDF) Case Study Research In Accounting. Online assignment writing service.
 
Lesson 5 real media texts
Lesson 5  real media textsLesson 5  real media texts
Lesson 5 real media texts
 
Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Aquatics Essay. Online assignment writing service.
 
The english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the place
The english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the placeThe english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the place
The english colonies pt. 3 – trouble all over the place
 
Speech Outline Essay
Speech Outline EssaySpeech Outline Essay
Speech Outline Essay
 
Web 2.0
Web 2.0Web 2.0
Web 2.0
 
COURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docx
COURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docxCOURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docx
COURSE RTM 300 (Recreation and Community Development (V. Ward)).docx
 
Ssrp intro lesson
Ssrp intro lessonSsrp intro lesson
Ssrp intro lesson
 
PROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projec
PROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projecPROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projec
PROJECT 2 PRESENTATIONObjectiveThe purpose of this projec
 
MediaFilmExchange.co.uk Powerpoint
MediaFilmExchange.co.uk PowerpointMediaFilmExchange.co.uk Powerpoint
MediaFilmExchange.co.uk Powerpoint
 
Essay Outline Practice
Essay Outline PracticeEssay Outline Practice
Essay Outline Practice
 
essay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docx
essay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docxessay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docx
essay02_Template_Essay.docxTitle of EssayYour Full NameI..docx
 
Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.
Audiology Application Essay. Online assignment writing service.
 
Essay Statement Of Purpose Engineering Management
Essay Statement Of Purpose Engineering ManagementEssay Statement Of Purpose Engineering Management
Essay Statement Of Purpose Engineering Management
 
Essay Examples For University
Essay Examples For UniversityEssay Examples For University
Essay Examples For University
 

More from Ani Istiana

Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )
Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )
Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )
Ani Istiana
 
GENIUS MATH BIMBEL
GENIUS MATH BIMBELGENIUS MATH BIMBEL
GENIUS MATH BIMBEL
Ani Istiana
 
Morphology # Productivity in Word-Formation
Morphology # Productivity in Word-FormationMorphology # Productivity in Word-Formation
Morphology # Productivity in Word-Formation
Ani Istiana
 
Preparation outlineguide
Preparation outlineguidePreparation outlineguide
Preparation outlineguideAni Istiana
 
Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to
Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to
Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to
Ani Istiana
 
Makalah management penerbangan nasional
Makalah management penerbangan nasionalMakalah management penerbangan nasional
Makalah management penerbangan nasional
Ani Istiana
 
Speech # History of colosseum # public speaking
Speech # History of colosseum # public speakingSpeech # History of colosseum # public speaking
Speech # History of colosseum # public speaking
Ani Istiana
 
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISEDEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
Ani Istiana
 
Proposal semantics hyponim
Proposal semantics hyponimProposal semantics hyponim
Proposal semantics hyponim
Ani Istiana
 
Lexical semantics = Hyponim
Lexical semantics = Hyponim Lexical semantics = Hyponim
Lexical semantics = Hyponim
Ani Istiana
 
Polysemi
PolysemiPolysemi
Polysemi
Ani Istiana
 
Hyponim Semantics
Hyponim SemanticsHyponim Semantics
Hyponim Semantics
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 7 # instrumen penelitian
Materi 7 # instrumen penelitianMateri 7 # instrumen penelitian
Materi 7 # instrumen penelitian
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas data
Materi 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas dataMateri 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas data
Materi 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas data
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi riset
Materi 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi risetMateri 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi riset
Materi 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi riset
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi riset
Materi 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi risetMateri 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi riset
Materi 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi riset
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi riset
Materi 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi risetMateri 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi riset
Materi 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi riset
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi risetMateri 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi riset
Ani Istiana
 
Materi 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi risetMateri 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi riset
Ani Istiana
 
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISEDEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
Ani Istiana
 

More from Ani Istiana (20)

Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )
Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )
Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations ( Sociolinguistic )
 
GENIUS MATH BIMBEL
GENIUS MATH BIMBELGENIUS MATH BIMBEL
GENIUS MATH BIMBEL
 
Morphology # Productivity in Word-Formation
Morphology # Productivity in Word-FormationMorphology # Productivity in Word-Formation
Morphology # Productivity in Word-Formation
 
Preparation outlineguide
Preparation outlineguidePreparation outlineguide
Preparation outlineguide
 
Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to
Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to
Grammar # MODAL AUXILIARIES # Passive voice # used to & be used to
 
Makalah management penerbangan nasional
Makalah management penerbangan nasionalMakalah management penerbangan nasional
Makalah management penerbangan nasional
 
Speech # History of colosseum # public speaking
Speech # History of colosseum # public speakingSpeech # History of colosseum # public speaking
Speech # History of colosseum # public speaking
 
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISEDEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
 
Proposal semantics hyponim
Proposal semantics hyponimProposal semantics hyponim
Proposal semantics hyponim
 
Lexical semantics = Hyponim
Lexical semantics = Hyponim Lexical semantics = Hyponim
Lexical semantics = Hyponim
 
Polysemi
PolysemiPolysemi
Polysemi
 
Hyponim Semantics
Hyponim SemanticsHyponim Semantics
Hyponim Semantics
 
Materi 7 # instrumen penelitian
Materi 7 # instrumen penelitianMateri 7 # instrumen penelitian
Materi 7 # instrumen penelitian
 
Materi 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas data
Materi 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas dataMateri 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas data
Materi 6 # populasi, sampel dan uji normalitas data
 
Materi 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi riset
Materi 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi risetMateri 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi riset
Materi 5 # teknik pengumpulan-data # metodologi riset
 
Materi 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi riset
Materi 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi risetMateri 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi riset
Materi 4 # analisa hipotesa = metodologi riset
 
Materi 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi riset
Materi 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi risetMateri 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi riset
Materi 3 # teknik penentuan judul = metodologi riset
 
Materi 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi risetMateri 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 2 # masalah, variabel dan paradigma penelitian = metodologi riset
 
Materi 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi risetMateri 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi riset
Materi 1 hakikat penelitian = metodologi riset
 
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISEDEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
DEFINITON OF IDIOM = ORAL EXERCISE
 

Recently uploaded

A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptxA Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
thanhdowork
 
Assignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docx
Assignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docxAssignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docx
Assignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docx
ArianaBusciglio
 
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdfMASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
goswamiyash170123
 
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
 
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9  .docxAcetabularia Information For Class 9  .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
vaibhavrinwa19
 
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityNatural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Akanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
 
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments UnitDigital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
chanes7
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO PerspectiveAdvantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Krisztián Száraz
 
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide shareDRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
taiba qazi
 
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxChapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
 
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDABest Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
deeptiverma2406
 
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationA Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Peter Windle
 
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental DesignDigital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
amberjdewit93
 
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Ashokrao Mane college of Pharmacy Peth-Vadgaon
 
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdfANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
Priyankaranawat4
 
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
Dr. Shivangi Singh Parihar
 
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourNormal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Wasim Ak
 
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
 

Recently uploaded (20)

A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptxA Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
 
Assignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docx
Assignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docxAssignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docx
Assignment_4_ArianaBusciglio Marvel(1).docx
 
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdfMASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
 
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
 
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9  .docxAcetabularia Information For Class 9  .docx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
 
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityNatural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
 
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments UnitDigital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
 
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO PerspectiveAdvantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
 
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide shareDRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
 
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxChapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
 
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDABest Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
Best Digital Marketing Institute In NOIDA
 
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationA Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
 
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental DesignDigital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
 
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
 
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdfANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
 
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
 
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourNormal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
 
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx
 
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
 

Preparation outline handout_2014 # Public Speaking

  • 1. 1 Public Speaking – 25.103 - Preparation Outline Guide The preparation outline helps you prepare the speech. The following is a guide to use as you develop your preparation outline. Your outline will not be identical since your material and your choice of a pattern of organization will determine how many main points and sub-points you need. See chapter 10 of your textbook for additional information about preparation outlines and a sample preparation outline with commentary. The preparation outline must be typed, stapled, and should be 2-3 pages in length. The preparation outline is due BEFORE you deliver your speech. You’ll hand it to Dr. Rumbough on your way up to the podium when it’s your turn to speak. Name: Date: Section: Title of Speech Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about . . . Pattern of Organization: (Topical Order, Problem–solution Order, Chronological order, etc.) INTRODUCTION: Here you can offer some of the ideas you have for the introduction. Label the following parts of the introduction as you compose it A. Attention Grabber: B. Reveal Topic: C. Credibility Statement: D. How topic relates to audience: E. Preview of main points: BODY [connective: Make sure the audience knows you are moving from the introduction to the first main point.] A. Main Point 1: State the first main point of the speech in a complete sentence. A. sub-point - Use subpoints and sub-sub points as needed. Give some details for each subpoint. You can also indicate what your supporting material is: Will you tell a story here, will you state some testimony, or present some statistics? B. sub-point sub-sub-point sub-sub-point [connective: Create a connective to help the audience move from the first main point to the second.] II. Main Point 2: Another full sentence that states your second main point of the speech. A. sub-point B. sub-point sub-sub-point sub-sub-point [connective: Make sure the audience knows you are moving into the conclusion.] CONCLUSION: I. Reinforce the central idea – write out your summary of your main points. II. Signal the end of the speech – Identify how you’ll end the speech. BIBLIOGRAPHY: List complete citations for the research materials that you have used in your speech.
  • 2. 2 Guidelines for Citing Sources in your Bibliography Journal article, two authors (underline the title of the journal, the comma, the space, and the volume number) Jones, R., & Smith, S. (2003). Firing procedures in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 44 (3), 10-36. Magazine article (underline the title of the magazine, the comma, the space, and the volume number) Kishman, K.B. (2002, October 26). Seeing the brain. Discover, 262, 673-676. Newspaper article (underline the name of the newspaper) Schwartz, L. (2002, November 3). Obesity and its affects. The Daily Times, pp. A1, A4. Newspaper article, no author (underline the name of the newspaper) New drug cuts risk of death from cholesterol. (2003, July 15). The New York Times, p. A12. Abstract from secondary source (underline the name of the journal, the comma, the space, the volume number and the name of the secondary source) Nieto, K. (2002). Cognitive functions of centipedes. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2, 9-16. (From PsychSCAN: Neurophysiology, 2001, 4, Abstracts No. 614) Book (underline the title of the book) Connely, P.J. (2001). Conflict-resolution: A look at disputes in corporate America. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Encyclopedia or Dictionary (underline the title of the book) Zinks, M. (Ed.). (1999). The Haven dictionary of sports (4th ed., Vols 2-10). London: Macmillan. Film (underline the name of the film) Garrison, P. (Producer), & Michaels, L.L. (Director). (1992). Changing our minds: The story of Lucy Brown (Film). (Available from Changing Our Minds, Inc., 170 West End Avenue, Suite 25R, New York, NY 10023). Television broadcast (underline the name of the TV show) Portia, L. (Executive Producer). (2006, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service. Online periodical (underline the name of the periodical and the volume number) Author, I. (date). Title of article. Name of periodical (Online), xx. Available: specify online address. Internet Sources Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of medium]. Producer (optional). Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date]. Music piracy suits could bring backlash. (September 12, 2007). In CNN.Com/Technology [Online]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/internet/09/10/backlash.music.ap/index.html. [September 14, 2007]. Pritzker, T. J. (No date). An Early fragment from central Nepal [Online]. Available: http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritzker.html [September 14, 2007]. Personal Interview (Name, Title, “Personal Communication,” Date) Frank Smith, Ph.D. Professor of Biology. Personal Communication, January 18, 2008.
  • 3. 3 John Doe January 20, 2008 25.103.17 Internet Pirating Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about Internet Pirating. Pattern of Organization: Topical Order I. INTRODUCTION: A. Attention Grabber: (Play sample of pirated movie on computer.) How many of you think that I just played a DVD? The truth is that I played a pirated movie obtained from the Internet. B. Reveal Topic: I’ll be talking about how the Internet can be used for pirating movies, music, and software. C. Credibility Statement: I’ve been researching this topic for several weeks. I also have about two years experience with the using the programs that I’ll be discussing. D. How topic relates to audience: I’m sure that all of us listen to music, watch movies and use computer software. Since pirating is becoming so commonplace, I’ll bet all of us know someone who is getting illegally copyrighted material from the Internet. E. Preview of main points: Today I’ll discuss: what can be pirated, how it’s being done, and then I’ll show the legal aspects of pirating. II. BODY [connective: The first thing that I would like you to know about are the types of things can be pirated from the Internet.] A. Main Point 1: People are using the Internet to pirate (illegally copy) such things as music, movies, and software. 1. Music – over 100,000 titles available. Give examples of MP3s (music files that can be downloaded.) Play brief example of MP3 song. 2. Movies – Explain that there are thousands of movies available. Give brief list. Play short clip from the movie Lord of the Rings: Return of the King. 3. Software – Give examples: Applications such as PageMaker, Games such as Half – life, and even kids’ programs such as Blues Clues. 4. Ask audience for other examples of the kinds of things that they have pirated. [connective: Now that you have an idea of what can be pirated, let’s take a look at how people are doing it.] B. Main Point 2: Millions of people are using Peer-to-Peer programs to download these files. 1. Explain what Peer-to-Peer file sharing is. 2. Ask audience about what programs they have used. 3. Describe the programs: Kazaalite, Shareaza, Bit Torrent (Zeropaid.com).
  • 4. 4 A. Show screen shots of Shareaza. B. Show example of how Kazalite works. [connective: I’ve shown you how people are pirating, but it’s illegal to download copyright material, we’ll discuss what could happen if people are caught doing this.] C. Main Point 3: If a person is caught downloading, there could be several repercussions. 1. Explain copyright law. 2. Explain how people are being caught. Tell story of college student in California and how he got caught. 3. Effects of getting caught. A. If caught, you might lose access to the Internet (Smith, 2008). – Many Internet providers are cutting off access to those engage in pirating. B. You might be fined. Tell story of 30 year –old woman who was ordered by a federal judge to pay $220,000 in fines for sharing 24 songs (Minn Women to Pay..., 2007). C. You might go to jail (Mann, 2008). Tell story of man facing 5 years in prison. D. Lawsuits – RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) has filed at least 500 subpoenas in the last year (Schwartz, 2008). CONCLUSION: I. Reinforce the central idea: (Summarize main points): Today I’ve talked about what can be pirated, how it’s being done, and I showed you the legal aspects of pirating. II. Signal the end of the speech – As you can see, this is an issue that is not going to go away. Let’s just hope that you will not be one of those people that will get that subpoena from the Recording Industry Association of America. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Bob Smith. Director of Academic Computing, Bloomsburg University. Personal Communication. January 20, 2008. Minn. Woman to Pay for Illegal Music Downloads. In NPR.Org. October 5, 2007. Available http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15037223. [May 28, 2008] Zeropaid.com. Top File Sharing Programs. http://www.zeropaid.com/php/filesharing.php. [January 28, 2008.]. Schwartz, John. Music Industry Returns to Court, Altering Tactics on File Sharing. In NewYorkTimes.com/Business. January 22, 2008 Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/business/media/22music.html. [January 28, 2008]. Mann, Justin. (May 23, 2008.) Five years in Jail for a pirate. In Techspot.com. Available: http://www.techspot.com/news/30175-five-years-in-jail-for-a-pirate.html. [May 28, 2008].