Ayyappan S (2012) Feeding over a billion forever: challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade, ACIAR Seminar Series presentation, 18 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.

1. Presenter Dr Subbanna Ayyappan
Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Secretary of the Department of Agricultural Research and Education
ACIAR Policy Advisory Council member
Topic “Challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade”
Date 11am, Wednesday 18 January 2012
Venue CSIRO Plant Industry Lecture Theatre
Acknowledgements Ayyappan S (2012) Feeding over a billion forever: challenges and
priorities for ICAR in the next decade, ACIAR Seminar Series
presentation, 18 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.

2. Feeding over a
Billion Forever…
(Challenges and Priorities for ICAR
in the next decade)
18 January, 2012

4. 2500 Food production (mt)
2000 India World World India
1500 Cereals 2237.6 242.00
1000 Rice 455.6 95.32
500 Wheat 652.6 85.93
0 Coarse
1121.3 42.22
Grains
Maize 889.2 21.23
Oilseed 464.7 31.1
Near East na
Developed
North Latin
Countries, 19
Africa, 37 America and
the
Sugar 165.7 26.0
Asia and the
Pacific, 578 Caribbean, 5
3
Meat 290.6 6.8
Sub-Saharan
Africa, 239
Milk 710 112.0
Undernourishment in
Fish 149.0 7.8
2010, by region (million)

5. India in World Food Basket
Projected Required
Present Annual Rank in the Present Annual Annual Growth Rate, %
Commodity
Production, mt World Growth Rate, % (2020 – 21, on 7.3% GDP
Growth)
Food grain 233.90 III 0.91 1.93
Sugar & Gur 23.80 II 1.36 1.91
Vegetables 125.80 II 4.68 2.11
Fresh Fruits 63.50 II 3.65 3.24
Milk 108.90 I 3.94 3.00
Meat 6.10 V 3.43 3.72
Eggs (billion no.) 53.50 III 5.07 3.85
Fish 7.13 III 2.68 4.25

6. India Today…
> 17% of the world‟s human & 11%
livestock population and counting
4.2% of the world‟s water
2.4% of the world‟s area
142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated
137% cropping intensity
52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture
15.7% contribution in GDP
10.23% earning of total exports (~ ` 86,000 crores)

7. Context and Paradigms
More From Less For More
Enhancing productivity and efficiency
Primary Agriculture to Secondary
Agriculture
Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health-
Environment-Employment
Skill and Youth in Agriculture
Science-led Agriculture

8. Undernourishment in 2010, by region (million)
Developed Near East na
Countries, 19 North Africa, 37
Latin America
and the
Asia and the Caribbean, 53
Pacific, 578
Sub-Saharan
Africa, 239
Source : FAO

9. Prevalence of undernourishment and progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS)
and the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in developing countries
WORLD Total Number of people Proportion of Progress in
Progress in
Region/sub-region/ Population undernourished undernourished in prevalence
number WFS MDG
country (under- total population towards
2005-07 towards trend trend
nourishment 1995-97 2005-07 MDG
(millions) WFS
category) 1995-97 2005-07 Target = 0.5
East Asia 1402.1 149.8 139.5 0.6  12 10 0.6 
Southeast Asia 555.5 85.7 76.1 0.7  18 14 0.6 
South Asia 1520.1 252.8 331.1 1.3  20 22 1.0 
Central Asia 58.7 4.9 6.0 1.4  9 10 1.2 
Western Asia 16.0 4.3 1.1 0.2  27 7 0.2 
The Caribbean 34.4 8.8 8.1 1.1  28 24 0.9 
South America 375.9 34.1 29.2 0.8  10 8 0.6 
Near East 280.4 24.1 26.3 1.8  11 9 1.3 
North Africa 158.8 5.4 6.1 1.2  - - na na
Central Africa 98.4 37.2 51.8 2.5  49 53 1.6 
East Africa 252.8 84.7 86.9 1.1  44 34 0.8 
Southern Africa 103.4 33.3 33.9 1.1  41 33 0.8 
West Africa 275.0 32.0 28.5 0.8  15 10 0.5 
Africa 888.4 192.6 207.2 1.2  28 23 0.8 

10. Food and Nutrition Security Already
Under Stress
Proportion of undernourished in No. of people undernourished in
total population in developing developing countries (millions)
countries (%)
20
900 835.2
20 826.6
768.1
Proportion undernourished
800
18
People undernourished
17
16 700
16
14 600
12 500
10
400
8
300
6
4 200
2 100
0
0
1990-92 1995-97 2005-07
1990-92 1995-97 2005-07
Year
Year

11. Enhanced Access to Food
Food
Prices:
From
Crisis
to Stability

12. Global Production Trend: Cereals
Growth Rates in Area, Production and Yield/Ha. Since 1970
3.50 3.33
3.00 2.78
2.50 2.15
1.87
2.00
1970s
1.50 1980s
1.15 1.06
0.84 1990s
0.81
1.00
0.64 2000s
0.50
0.03
0.00
Area Yield/ha Production
-0.50 -0.42
-1.00 -0.89

13. Poor people spend much of their income on food
Note: Percentage of household budget spent on food by the lowest expenditure quintile of
the population. Source of raw data: FAO Rural Income Generating Activities project

14. Difference in resilience to food price shocks across countries
Note: The size of bubbles is proportional to the number of undernourished in 2008. African countries
are shown in red, Asian countries in blue and Latin American countries in green. Price used are
inflation-adjusted retail prices of major staple foods in main markets, weighted by the population of
each market and the share in energy intake of each staple food. Source of raw data: FAO

15. Distinct Transitions: Agricultural Era
Technology
Convergence
(21st century)
Biotechnology Era
(2000s)
Green Revolution
(1970s) Y = 4 t/ha?,
* KBS
Mechanization
Y = >1.5 t/ha,
(1960s)
Traditional HRD/ Technological
Farming Y = >1 t/ha, Break Through
(Early 1900s) Co-operatives
Y = >0.5 t/ha,
Land Reforms
Y = < 0.5 t/ha,
Feudalism
* Knowledge based Society

16. Productivity Gains
Productivity
Commodity
1950 2009 Times
Food Grains, kg/ha 522 1898 3.6
Fruits, kg/ha 8600 13700 1.6
Vegetables, kg/ha 7500 15600 2.1
Fish, kg/ha
400 2700 6.8
(Aquaculture)
Milk litre/lactation 583 1080 1.8
Eggs, No./bird 50 238 4.8

17. Major Concerns
Natural Resources degradation
Increasing Biotic and Abiotic Pressures
Input use Efficiency
(Water, Nutrients, Energy)
Farm Mechanization
Harvest & Post Harvest Losses
Profitability in farming
Quality Human Resource
Farm Extension

18. Biodiversity for Pressures on Natural
Posterity Resource Base
(million ha) Deforestation
World
Land degradation 107.43
Estimated Species 10 Water erosion 57.15
million
Degraded forests 24.90
Documented species
Wind erosion 10.46
1.72 million
Salt-affected 6.32
India: Among the 12
Acid-affected 12.00 Soil erosion
Mega bio-diversity
Others 8.60
Centres
India: 3 of the 34 Hot Per capita agricultural
Spots of Biodiversity land availability
0.34 ha (1950-51)
12% of world‟s flora
7% of world‟s fauna
Desertification
National Bureaus of 0.17 ha (1999-2000)
Plant, Animal, Fish,
Microbes and
Insects 0.12 ha (2010-2011)

19. Climatic risks are increasing
Great weather catastrophes 1950 – 2008
Number of events with trend
Source: Munich Re 2009

20. Impact of climate change on rainfed wheat
production, 2050

21. Projected Impacts
Increase in CO2 to 550 ppm increases yields of
rice, wheat, legumes and oilseeds by 10-20%
A 1oC increase in temperature may reduce yields of
wheat, soyabean, mustard, Groundnut and potato by 3-7%.
Much higher losses at higher temperatures
Productivity of most crops to decrease marginally by 2020
but by 10-40% by 2100. Increase in droughts and floods are
likely to increase production variability even in short-term
Possibly some improvement in yields of chickpea, rabi
maize, sorghum and millets; and coconut in west coast
Less loss in potato, mustard and vegetables in north-western
India due to reduced frost damage

22. Assessing vulnerability of Indian agriculture to climate change:
Controlled environment facilities

23. Dryland Farming
Drought-resistant crop varieties
Integrated Mission for Sustainable
Development (IMSD)
Participatory Land and Water Resources
Management : Sujala
Land Treatments for In situ Moisture
Conservation
Water Saving Technologies: Laser
leveling, Raised bed planting
Leaf Cell Water content
Pigments structure
Chlorophyll absorption Water absorption
(nm)
Visible Near-Infrared Shortwave Infrared

24. Improving Productivity in Drylands
Integrated Mission for Sustainable Participatory Land and Water Resources
Development (IMSD) Management : Sujala
Land & Water resources development plans for Monitoring & Evaluation of Dev. Activity in 77 Sub-
84 Mha in 175 dists. in country watersheds in 5 Dists. of Karnataka
Watershed prioritisation & Development using
EO inputs
Concurrent Monitoring & Mid-course
correction of Implementation
Ground Water Social & Environmental Impact Assessment
Drainage
Potential Improving the quality of life
Land Resource
IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 FEB 2002
Development Plan
Monitoring Land use
Changes
Imagery Fallow
Soil IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3
MAR, 2005
Maize
Watershed Water Resource
Land Use
Cropping Intensity has
Development Plan
increased from 106 % to 128 %

25. Soil-Water Conservation
Bio-engineering measures: Contour
bunding/farming, Conservation furrows,
bench terracing, Staggered trenching,
Vegetative barriers/Check dams for rainfed
lands
24 million ha-m storage of rainwater to
provide supplementary and life-saving
irrigations to crops and increased ground
water recharge

26. Conservation Agriculture
Country Million ha
USA 25.30
Brazil 23.60
Argentina 18.27
Canada 12.52
Australia 9.00
Rest of the South America 3.04
Indo-Gangetic Plains 3.20/10.0
Europe 0.45
Africa 0.40
China 1.00
Others (rough estimate) 1.00
Total 98.00

27. Nano-Technology for enhanced
use of Phosphate Fertilizer
Developed a method for
production of phosphorus
nano-particles from rock
phosphate. Lab production of Nano particles
Initial results showed
high promise of nano-P
applications on crops of
arid region
Control Nano-P
Field Application of nano-P on pearlmillet

28. Integrated Nutrient
Management
Soil fertility maps for
precise fertilizer use Integrated
Conjunctive use of Farming Systems
Chemical
fertilizers, organic Location-specific
manures and IFS models:
Biofertilizers Cereals, Pulses, Ve
New fertilizer policy – getables, Fruits, Li
Sulphur along with vestock and Fish
NPK and Productivity gains
micronutrients 3-5 times
(fortified/coated and
customized fertilizers) Potential in
Eastern India
(12 m ha of
Waterlogged
lands)

29. Water Saving Technologies
Laser land leveling - A
Precursor technology
Pipeline Networking
Raised bed planting
Increases irrigated area ~ 2%
Increases crop yields ~ 20%
Additional field area added ~ 3%
Promotes: Intensification
Diversification
Rice-winter Maize+Potato/Rice
Innovations: Shape future for Eastern IGP farmers

30. Net water productivity of rice-fish farming systems
7
R R-F R-F-HC R-FDF
6
13.8
5
4
3 3.8
2.7
2
1.5
1
6
12
0
2
4
8
10
14
16
INR/m3
R-Rice, R-F- Rice- fish, R-FHC- Rice- fish –hort. crops,
RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

31. National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System
.
Rainfall deviations
300
250
200
% deviation
150
June 100
50
0
-50 .
-100
12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9
July
Sowing progress
No. of districts
under drought
August
June 215 dist
July 226 dist
August 124 dist Integration with ground data
July September
September Sept. 115 dist
Oct. 179 dist
October
-0.27 -0.26 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 >0.6 District/ Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

32. Policy responses have consistently evolved
with successive drought events
Drought
Events
9
Major Policy Famine Green Employ Contingency Watershed Improved weather
Codes Revolution ment Crop Approach forecasts and their
Interventions applications
and FCI Generation Plan
Programmes
Scarcity Drought Drought Water Knowledge
relief relief management management management
Each round represent Each round represent around fifty million
Source: ADPC/MOA
death of one million people people affected

33. Food Production
(m tonnes)
100
150
250
200
50
0
1972-73
1974-75
1979-80
1982-83
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
2000-01
2001-02
Year
Food Production (m tonnes)
2002-03
2003-04
Monsoon (% deviation from normal)
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
0
25
50
75
100
125
Drought Proofing Indian Agriculture
Monsoon (% deviation
from normal)

34. National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture
(NICRA ) - ` 350 crores for XI Plan
Identification of 15-20
heat/drought tolerant
crops‟ cultivars
Resilience to small and
marginal farmers and
reduce production losses
at least by 25-30%
Technology
demonstration in 100
districts of 27 States
18 x Oregon IIHR 544 7 – 6 x KTP4 tolerant to high
Capsicum (check) temperature (summer 2007)
Comparison of pod size and pod filling

35. KVKs
West Tripura (Tripura)
Faridkot (Punjab)
Rajkot (Gujarat)
Phulwama (J & K)
Ropar (Punjab)
Senapati (Manipur)
Gondia (Maharashtra)

36. Quality Seed: Key to Good Agriculture
228 members from 78 countries
ISF members cover 96% of international seed trade
2010
WW Seed market
42 billion USD
Farm Saved Seed:
15 billion USD
Internationally Traded:
7.6 billion USD

37. Domestic Seed Market 2010
(USD million) (Conversion rate: 1€=1.3USD)
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
USA 12,000 UK 400 Finland 160
China 6,000 Turkey 400 Austria 150
France 2,400 South Africa 370 Egypt 140
Brazil 2,000 Mexico 350 Morocco 140
India 2,000 The Netherlands 317 Bulgaria 120
Japan 1400 Czech Republic 300 Chile 120
Germany 1261 Hungary 300 Nigeria 120
Italy 780 Taiwan 300 Serbia 120
Argentina 600 Poland 260 Switzerland 118
Canada 550 Greece 240 Solvakia 110
Russian Federation 500 Sweden 240 New Zealand 100
Spain 450 Romania 220 Ireland 80
Australia 400 Belgium 185 Paraguay 80
Korea 400 Denmark 185 TOTAL 37,098

38. Improved Pusa
Basmati 1 Rice
Export worth ` 12,193 crore annually
Rice Genome
Total sequence: 15 Mb
No. of genes: 2500
Chromosome 11 has
218 disease resistance-
like genes (> 20 % of
the whole genome)
Genomes of Tomato and Wheat
Rice Knowledge
Management Portal

39. Mapping QTL for grain length and ER in
Sonasal x Pusa 1121 cross

40. Molecular Plant Breeding
Disease Resistant Basmati Rice
Gene pyramided
Basmati variety
(Improved Pusa
Basmati 1) for
bacterial blight
resistance
Two genes conferring
tolerance to Bacterial
Leaf Blight pyramided
together by MAS
Commercial release -
2007

41. Genetically Improved Rice

42. Empowered to fight blight –
Shri Chander Singh Lamba of Urlana Khurd, Panipat, Haryana
Improved Pusa Basmati 1 (Pusa 1460)
- high yielding, bacterial blight
resistant variety developed MAS by
pyramiding genes xa13 and Xa21 in
the background of Pusa Basmati 1.
Excellent grain and cooking quality
traits with less than 10% chalky grains
Duration : 135 days
Average yield : 60 q/ha
Paddy price : ` 2,400/q
Gross return : ` 140,000/ha
Cultivation cost : ` 20,000/ha
Net Return : ` 120,000/ha
Crop rotation
Paddy - Berseem/Potato

43. Bioengineered high iron/zinc rice
Sst I Bam HI Hind III
nos ferritin GluB-1 35S bar g7
Sst I Bam HI Kpn I
nos ferritin Glo-P
Sst I Bam HI Kpn I
nos ferritin Pro-P
Vasconcelos et al ., Plant Sci., 2003
Tan et al., Int J Food Sci Tech., 2004
Khalekuzzaman et al., Int J Biotech., 2006
Ozturk et al ., 2006 (iron and zinc in wheat)

44. Silencing of Lipoxygenase Gene
Post-harvest storage losses
Developed countries: up to 10%
India: 15% - 50%
RNAi

45. Rice Knowledge Management Portal
http://www.rkmp.co.in

46. C4 Rice/Potato: a
possibility
National Agricultural
Bioinformatics Grid
National Agricultural
Innovation Project
National Fund for
Basic, Strategic and
Frontier Applications
Research in Agriculture

47. Yield Potential (Q/ha)
0
10
20
40
50
70
30
60
33.7
36
45.5
46
46.8
44
45.1
45.7
45.8
45.4
35.3
42.5
47.1
Variety (Year of Release)
51.3
61.5
48.9
63
62.9
61.5
61
Landmark wheat releases in India
64.1

48. Maize Revolution
45
42
Food Feed
40
Industrial Total 35
35
Utilization (mt)
GR set for Agriculture: 4% 30 28
25 22.5
22
Required GR: 4.7%
20.5
20
16.5
15 12.5
Current GR: 6.4 % 10
7
8
6.5
9
10.5
6
4.5
5 3.5
Current GR > target 0
2011-12 2015-16 2020-21 2025-26
Current production 20.23 mt Year
Area, Production
Yield

49. Impact of Single Cross Hybrid Maize in India
35 3
Hybrid Project
Launched - 1989
30
2.5
SCH
Production (m t) Area (m ha) Productivity (t/ha)
Productivity (t/ha)
Area, Production
25
2
Comp/DC
20
Comp 1.5
Land
15
races
1
10
5 0.5
0 0
1950-51 1970-71 1990-91 99-2000 2003-04 2006-07 2008-09
Year
A - ~3 times; Prod. - >12 times; Y - ~5 times

50. Food Productivity (Yield – Kg/ha)
3000
Foodgrains
Rice
2500
Wheat
2000
1500
1000
500
0

51. Pulses
Production : 18.2 mt
Requirement : 21.00 mt
Area : 23.0 m ha
Yield : 637 kg/ha
Import : 2.5-3 mt
Export : 0.16 mt
Demand Projection for
2022 : 26.43 mt
India needs to invest more in R & D
to meet the requirements as world
supply would not be adequate to
meet India‟s need

52. Taking Pulses Forward…
Meha, Samrat, HUM 1, CO6,
Mungbean Pusa 9531, Pusa Vishal, Ganga 8,
OUM 11-5, HUM 2, HUM 6
Uttara, WBG 26, TU 94-2, KU 301,
Urdbean KU 96-3, Pant Urd 31, Pant Urd 40,
WBU 109
Adarsh, Vikas, Prakash, Swati,
Fieldpea
HUDP 15, DDR 23, Ambika, DDR 27
DPL 62, JL 3, IPL 81, KLS 218,
Lentil
HUL 57, VL 507, VL 126, IPL 406, WBL 77
Rajmash IPR 96-4 (Amber), IPR 98-5 (Utkarsh)
NDA 2, Vipula, TT 401, BRG 1,
Pigeonpea
CO7 (CORG9701), MAL I 3, Pusa 991

53. Decoding of the Arhar Genome:
Paving the Way for Green Revolution in Pulses
The whole plant and different parts of the pigeonpea
cultivar 'Asha' (ICPL 87119).
a. whole plant at fruiting stage;
b. a defoliated branch with pods;
c. a branch with heavy flowering;
d. mature seeds;
e. dehusked split seeds or 'Dal';
f. 22 chromosomesin a root tip cell
Number of chromosomes 11 pairs
Genome size (Physical) 858 Mb (million base pairs)
Genome size (Genetic) 1057 cM (centi Morgan)

54. Potato
Cv. Kufri Bahar Marker Assisted
Selection
Gene pyramiding
Genomic approaches
Transgenics
Bt-Brinjal (Event 142)
First Transgenic Sorghum for drought
tolerance under field trial

55. Oilseeds
Production 29.75 mt (8.9 mt oil)
Area 26.69 m ha
Yield 1,115 kg/ha
Per capita consumption 14 kg/year
Requirement of country 16.1 mt (oil)
Import 7.2 mt (oil)
2015 55.5 mt (oilseeds)
Demand Projection for
2020 66.0 mt (oilseeds)

56. OILSEEDS
JL 24, TMV2, TAG24, SBXI, AK12-24, GG20, TG26,Kadini6, Narayani, Greeshma, Kadiri7,
Groundnut
Kadiri 8, Vijetha, Girnar 3. Kadiri Haritandhra, HNG 69
Soybean JS 335, JS93-05, NRC 37, JS 97-52, JS 95-60, DS98-14, PS 1347, RKS 18, SL 668, JS97-52
Pusa bold, Pusa Jai Kisan, Varuna, RH-30, NRCDR-2, Rohini (mustard), M-27(Toria), YSB-
Rapeseed-
9 (yellow sarson), NRCDR-2, DMH-1, NRCHB 506, NRCHB101, NRCDR 601, Pusa mustard
Mustard 25,Pusa mustard 26, Pusa mustard 27, yellow sarson : Pitambri, NRCYS05-02, YSH-401
KBSH-41, KBSH-44, NDSH-1, RSFH-1, DRSF-108, SS-56, Co-4, Morden, KBSH53, PSFH 569,
Sunflower
CO2
A-1, Bhima, NARI 6 (non spiny), PBNS-12 (Parbhani Kusum), NARI-NH-1, NARIH 15,
Safflower
SSF 658
Jyothi, Kranthi, Haritha, GCH4, GCH 5, DCH 32, DCH 177, RHC 1, DCH 519, Sagarshakti,
Castor
YRCH1, DCS 107, Chandra prabha

57. Remunerative Intercropping Systems
Sunflower + groundnut (1:5) Groundnut + pigeonpea (5:2) Sunflower + pigeonpea (2:1)
Soybean + sunflower (2:1) Castor + groundnut (1:3/5) Castor + mungbean (1:2)
Castor + clusterbean (1:2) Castor + pigeonpea (1:1) Chickpea + Mustard (3:1)

58. IPM
Agri-Intelligence
Surveillance
Forecasting
Pseudleptomastix
Acerophagus papayae mexicana Anagyrus loecki

59. Abiotic stress tolerant crops
through biotechnology
Crop Abiotic Stress type
Rice Drought, Salinity
Wheat High temp., Drought, Salinity
Sorghum Drought
Maize Water logging, drought
Chickpea Drought, Cold tolerance
Pigeonpea Salinity, Drought
Groundnut Drought
Sugarcane Drought, Water logging
Potato Drought, High temperature, Salinity
Mustard Drought, Salinity
Tomato Drought, Salinity
Cotton Drought, Salinity

60. Cropping Patterns
1990-91 2010-11 Cereals
32%
Cereals
37%
Others Others
17% 14%
Pulses
4%
Horticulture Oilseeds
Horticulture Pulses 30% 9%
23% 6%
Oilseeds
Cotton 9%
3% Cotton Sugarcane
Sugarcane
5% 5% 6%
6% area contribute 23.4% Value 9% area contribute 30.4% value at constant
prices and 30.7% at current prices

61. India – a leader in Horticulture
Horticulture Produce 234.4 mt
40
India Global
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Banana Grapes Papaya Tapioca Lemons & Cabbage &
Limes Other
Brassicas
Yield, t/ha

62. Fruits: India in the world (t/ha)
Fruits India World Highest
Banana 36 18.65 36 (India)
Grapes 26 8.83 26 (India)
Mango 6 7.23 17 (Brazil)
Papaya 33 23.99 81 (Indonesia)
Pineapple 15 19.77 44 (Kenya)
All fruits 11 10.56 21 (USA, Brazil)

63. New propagation Early diagnostics for
techniques reducing crop losses
Micro rhizomes
Mini/ techno tuber
production
Somatic embryogenesis
and plumule culture
Aeroponics BBTV virus
particles
Diagnostics developed
for banana, potato,
grapes and citrus

64. Technology for
mass production
of Banana
through tissue
culture

65. Important Production Technologies
High-density
planting in
banana

66. Papaya
Arka Prabhat

67. Technology Impact: Potato
Potato
A temperate crop made
2.5
tropical through 100%
2
indigenously developed
1.5
cultivars - 25
1
Self sufficiency in seed 0.5
production lead to saving 0
up to ` 2,000 crores a year 1991-92 1995-96 2000-01 2008-09
Year
Area Productivity Production
Processing varieties almost
cover 10 per cent area of total
potato area
High Export of potato
The short day potato varieties have changed
the scenario of potato industry
Kufri Pukhraj

68. Technology Impact: Grapes
Grape
3
Area Yield Production
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1991-92 1996-97 2001-02 2007-08
Root stock technology alone revolutionized grape cultivation
with 10% yield and quality advantage fetched additional
revenue of ` 790 crores

69. Organic Farming - Variants
Biodynamic
Nature „Vedic
farming
farming krishi‟
Organic farming
Eco- Traditional organic Homa
farming farming
farming

70. Organic farming of Lavender
in Himachal, India

71. Organic
Health
Products

72. Organic
Essential
Oils

73. Major gains in animal production
263.00 India – leader in
250.00 Milk production (MT)
176.00
milk production
200.00 Per capita availability (g/day)
for a decade
124.00
150.00 112.00
112
100.00
Area-based
53.90
50.00 21.20
Mineral mixture
17.00
as a major
0.00
1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2009-10
2006-07 intervention
60
50.00 Egg production (billion nos) 51.00
40.00 Per capita availability (nos/h/yr)
25.00
30.00 21.10
20.00
10.00
5.00 5.30
10.00 1.83
0.00
1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-07
2009-10

74. Dairy for Livelihood in Rural Areas

75. Improved germplasm - Enhanced milk productivity
7 6.36 6.52 6.44
6 5.65
5 4.30
4.13
3.83
4 3.57
3
1.83 1.90 1.97
2 1.66
1
0
1993-94 1997-98 2002-03 2005-06
Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-ND Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-CB Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-Buffalo
Increase in average daily milk yield of non-descript cows by 310
g, Crossbred - 790 g, buffaloes - 730 g since 1993-94

76. Animal Production Trends - Impact of Research
2.9
3 2.6
2.5 1.9 2.1 2.30 Meat
2 production
1.5 increased by
1 21% during last
0.5 8 years
0
1998-99 2002-03 Meat Production (MT) 2008-09
2006-07 2007-08
60.00
45.20 44.00 41.00
41.20
40.00 27.50 29.80
Wool increased
20.00
by 60%
compared
0.00 to 1950-51
1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Wool Production (million Kg)

77. Small Ruminants -
Potential Goat Breeds

78. Small Ruminants - Potential Sheep Breeds

79. Fodder
Cultivation -
Key for Dairy
improvement

80. Major leads in animal reproduction
Garima After One Year
First Cloned Buffalo through Hand-
guided technique
World‟s First AI calf of Mithun
Buffalo genomics at an advanced stage
Ten Calves produced
in a year through ETT
17 piglets from „Ghungroo‟ pig

81. Poultry strains - Both commercial
and backyard
20
1980 - 1990 1990 - 2000 2000 - 2010
15 Breeds with
Over 300 eggs/year
10
5
0
Broiler Layer Rural

82. Detection of
Immunobiologicals and diagnostic kits Adulteration in Milk
India Free from:
 Rinderpest
 African Horse Sickness
 Bovine Pleuropneumonia
OIE - Approved Referral Lab
FMD Facility For SAARC
Huge Impact on Exports
Vaccine against sheep foot rot
ELISA kit for GBNV
Biosensors for milk adulteration
Sandwich Elisa Kit for
Prediction system for downy mildew of cucurbits FMD virus
Dot-ELISA kit for Brucella

83. Fish
Marine
production
Inland
40%
60%
trends Inland
Marine
45%
55%
Inland
29% 8 7.8
Marine
71% 7
6
4.95
5
4
3
2
1 0.75
0
1950-51 1995-96 2009-10

86. Changes in monsoon rainfall (%) and annual mean surface air
temperature( C) for the period 2071-2100 wrt the baseline (1961-1990)
A2-CTL B2-CTL
Monsoon Monsoon
Precip Precip
A2-CTL B2-CTL
Annual Annual
Temp Temp
Source: IITM, K Kumar

87. Potential Fishing Zone
Estimated Users: 37000
No. of Nodes : > 370
Mode of Dissemination
SMS, Radio, TV, Web,
Chlorophyll Distribution Kiosks, Telephone, Fax,
Email
PFZ
0.1 mg/m3 1.0 3.0 5.0 Map

88. Carbon Footprint by Marine Fishing Boats
Fossil fuel consumption by marine fishing boats is around
1,380 million liters per year
CO2 emission by marine fishing sector is around 3.6 million
tonnes per year
CO2 emission: CO2 emission: Catch ratio
Catch ratio
Trawlers 1:0.56
1980 1:1.3 Gill netters 1:0.71
Dol netters 1:0.69
1998 1:0.9 Other Mech 1:0.70
Total Mech. 1:0.60
2007 1:0.8
Motorised craft 1:2.08

89. Mariculture
Marine finfish breeding & culture –
Seabass, Cobia
Mussel & Oyster farming
Seaweed culture
Ornamental Fish

90. Aquaculture
Blue revolution through Carp Culture
Improved Rohu thru‟ selection
Diversified farming
Shrimp as a Dollar earner

91. AQUA TOURISM

92. Fish Harvest & Post-harvest
Improved fishing crafts and gears
Industrial products
Collagen chitosan film
Absorbable surgical sutures
High gel strength agar from sea weeds
Squalene from shark liver oil
Food products
Curry in pouches
“Fishcurre”
A variety of ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat products

93. Farm Mechanization
Machines demonstrated and found wide adoption in different regions
Power Tiller Rice-wheat mechanisation
Paddy transplanter Paddy drum seeder
Groundnut sheller Plastic mulching
Zero till drill Manual weeder

94. Efficient farm implements for timely operations
9-row planter Groundnut stripper
Rotary weeder 4 - row bullock drawn planter

95. Ergonomic/Gender-friendly tools and equipment
High Women workforce in
agriculture – both production and
processing
Reducing drudgery and
mainstreaming

96. US President visits
ICAR Exhibits
6th November, 2010
Termed ICAR Tools as
„Appropriate Technologies‟

97. Protected Cultivation

98. ENERGY
Multi-fuel Open Core Down Draft Gasifier
Gasifier system installed at
M/s Suman Food Products, Udaipur
Capacity - 60 kg/h biomass
Under regular use for the last one year

99. „Primary Agriculture to
Secondary Agriculture‟

100. Post Harvest
Management
Agro-processing centre in
each village generating
employment for 2-10 persons
costing ` 10-15 lakhs
Developed and
commercialized 60 processing
machineries and technologies
for post harvest loss reduction
and value addition
Modernization of rice mills
has led to advantage of about
` 15,000 crores / annum by
way of higher rice & rice bran
oil recovery, better quality.

101. Novel Value Addition & Processing
Technologies
Development of foam mat drying, ohmic
heating, pulse electric field, high hydrostatic
pressure systems for food processing.
Development of techniques for micro-
encapsulation/ nano-encapsulation of
antioxidants, vitamins and probiotics for Microencapsulator
fortification of foods.
Peanut Milk &
Products Multigrain Biscuits Aonla Toffee Foam mat dried tomato

102. Millet Monitors Diabetic
Five health foods developed and nutritional and medical claims
have been included in the labels
Nutritional Information: One serving
of mix (80 g) provides 16 g of dietary
fiber, 248 k cal of energy, 11.4 g of
protein, 71 mg of calcium, 3 mg of iron
and 60 μ of carotene
Nutritional Information: 50 g of mix provides 188
kcals of energy, 7g of protein, 141 mg of calcium and
2.5 mg of iron.

103. Bioethanol Production From Sweet Sorghum
Work contract for Bullock Cart
Owners reduced time lag
between harvesting and
transportation of stalk to DCU
on same day enhancing juice
recovery by 3%.
Juice from stalk extracted by
mechanical expellers (yield: 269
litres of juice/t of stalk) and
concentrated in to syrup
(extending its storage life to one
year; 100 litres of juice yielded 18
kg of syrup). 103

104. Primary Processing
Mobile Seed Processing
Unit for Seed Spices
Tamarind processing
in Bastar

105. Potato
K. chipsona-2 possessed minimum conc. of acralamide content
(161 µg/kg) followed by Kufri Chandramukhi (106 µg/kg )
Specialty potatoes were marketed in retail outlets, super markets etc. in
National Capital Region (Meerut, Ghaziabad etc.)

106. Non conventional sources of wine
Pomegrenate Sorghum

107. Value added Animal products
Herbal Ghee
Mango Lassi with
Extended Shelf life

108. Smart Packaging including Minimal Processing
Collaborative Researchable Issues
Development of protocols for shelf life
enhancement of high value crops through
modified and controlled atmosphere packaging
Development of technologies for minimal
processing of high value crops for tertiary
Headspace Gas Analyser
processing.
Development of smart packaging for fruits &
vegetables.
Gas permeability tester Minimal Processing and Modified Atmosphere Packaging

109. Banana fibre as fabric
Cotton
Village level ring frame
Micro processor based ring frame
for yarn making in rural areas
Axial flow cotton pre-cleaner
Axial flow pre-cleaner for seed
cotton for use in the production
catchment

110. Eco-holi and textile colours
from vegetable sources
1,264 shades of Natural
Dyes for Textiles from
10 sources
Surface Painting
of idols Low cost & safe
eco-holi powders

111. Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture
Students x1000
Universities
2% 12%
Years
1%
Ph.D., 5%
2000 3%
7% 50%
Masters,
8000
UG, 20%
25000
in Govt. Departments in Private Sector
as Teachers in Research
in Banks in NGOs
Self Employed in Others
Placement

112. Niche Areas of Excellence Experiential Learning
30 established 220 Units established
RCTs Inland saline soils for Agro-processing
Vermi-composting
Medicinal and aquaculture Bakery and
aromatic plants Functional Bio-fertilizer
confectionary products
Arsenic toxicity fermented dairy Mushroom Value addition in
Temperate fruits products with Aonla, Mango, Tomato
Apiary
Fish production synbiotics and „Kagzi‟ lime
Biofuels Poultry

113. e-Courses in Agriculture
B.Sc. B.Tech.
B.Sc. B.V.Sc. B.Sc.
B.F.Sc. Home Dairy
Agri. & AH Hort.
Science Tech.

114. Farm Science Centres -
Reaching the unreached
Knowledge Innovative Repository
in Agriculture for North-East
(KIRAN)
607 KVKs
across the
country

115. Agropedia
KM for tagging content/people
Contains over 7000 pages content
Deployed both off-line/online
Provision for social networking platform
Tremendous international curiosity: over
230,000 visitors from 196 countries
20 workshops held, 756 trained
The second phase under consideration

116. Information, Communication and Publicity
Open access policy for research journals -The
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences and The
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences made on - line
under E-PKSAR Project having 6,600 registered
users in 166 different countries
ICAR website averaged more than 150,000 visitors
per month
Monthly newsletter ICAR Mail in English and ICAR
Chitthi in Hindi
Launched Agribiotech, a quarterly news, in 13
languages to create awareness about biotechnology
NKN: Connectivity to AUs and Institutes
AGROWEB-Digital Dissemination Systems
DIPA – Directorate of Knowledge Management in
Agriculture and ARIS as Agricultural Knowledge
Management Cells

117. IPR and Technology Commercialization
Patents (2008-09)
Applications filed 55
Cumulative 385
Granted Patents 55
Foreign Patent Applications 3 PCT + A few National Phase
Plant Varieties
Applications Filed 635 (577 extant and 58 new)
Published Applications 301
Registered / protected Varieties 63
Trademarks
“PUSA” by IARI, New Delhi
“ARKA” by IIHR, Bengaluru
“IISR” by IISR (Spices), Calicut
“KNOCK WP” and “TRIVIR 1%” by DOR, Hyderabad
“CIFAX”, “CIFABROOD” “Jayanti Rohu” by CIFA, Bhubaneswar
“Vanaraja” and “Gramapriya” by PD Poultry, Hyderabad
Copyrights
Registered copyrights on Softwares CIAE, Bhopal
DSR (Soybean), Indore
NBFGR, Lucknow
NBPGR, New Delhi

118. The Union Cabinet approved the ICAR Company
proposal of setting up a new
Seeds
company on 11 August 2011
Farm Implements &
AGRINNOVATEINDIA
Machinery
Diagnostics &
Vaccines
Value Added Products
Professional Services
& Turnkey Projects
Overseas Operations

119. BISA
Establishment of Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) with
centres at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa in Bihar and Jabalpur in
Madhya Pradesh
The Union Cabinet today approved the proposal of Ministry of
Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Research and Education
to accept the proposal of International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) to establish an international
institute, namely, Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in India The Union Cabinet
with centres at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa in Bihar and Jabalpur in
Madhya Pradesh. approved the proposal
CIMMYT is authorised to establish BISA at three centres-one each
at Punjab, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. BISA will be conferred an
DARE to accept the
international status as contemplated in clause 3 of United Nations
(Privileges and Immunities) Act, 1947. The Department of
proposal of International
Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) on behalf of
Government of India will be authorised in all matters regarding
Maize and Wheat
establishment of the institute. DARE will be authorised to
conclude the agreement/MOU between the Government of India
Improvement Centre
in the DARE and CIMMYT.
(CIMMYT) to establish
The establishment of BISA in India will enable India to harness
the best of international science, in meeting food security an international
challenges. India would be able to rapidly and effectively absorb
the research output of BISA thus benefiting farmers of the institute, namely, Borlaug
country. A major International R&D institution will make India
even a bigger centre for agricultural research in the world and
this, in turn, may attract further research & development
Institute for South Asia
investment in the country.
***
(BISA) in India, on
RCJ/SK/SM
(Release ID :76358)
September, 2011

120. IAP: India-Australia Partnership
Since 1983; Over 80 Projects
Strategic Framework 2011-2016:
- Water management in rainfed agriculture
- Zero-tillage cropping system
- Crop breeding, including wheat
- Agriculture policy
Regional focus and Eastern India

121. IAP: India-Australia Partnership
Crop Improvement
- Molecular marker technologies for faster wheat breeding
in India (IAP-MAWB)
- Wheat improvement for waterlogging, salinity and
element toxicities in Australia and India (IAP-MAWB)
- Root system traits to improve grain yield and drought
resistance of wheat in Australia and India (IAP-MAWB)
- Molecular markers for broadening the genetic base of
stem rust resistance genes effective against strain Ug99
- Improving post-rainy sorghum varieties to meet the
growing grain and fodder demand in India
- Improving the quality of pearl millet residues for livestock

122. IAP: India-Australia Partnership
Land and Water Program
- Impacts of meso-scale watershed development in Andhra Pradesh
(India) and comparative catchments in Australia
- Enhancing institutional performance in watershed management in
Andhra Pradesh, India
- Developing multi-scale climate change adaptation strategies for
farming communities in Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh and India
- Impact of climate change and watershed development on whole-of-
basin agricultural water security in the Krishna Basin, India
- Water harvesting and better cropping systems for the benefit of small
farmers in watersheds of the East India plateau
 Regional and Africa programs

123. Contribution of Agricultural Research
Rate of returns to investments in
33.2
agricultural research : Percent
Direct contribution of research to output growth:
Percent
* Wheat 23.6
* Paddy 13.6
* Maize 13.1
* Bajra 20.6
* Cotton 26.4

124. Food Demands (mt)
Base year Projection
Commodity
2004-05 2020-21
Cereals 192.8 262.0
Pulses 14.2 22.2
Food grains 207.0 284.2
Milk and milk products 91.0 151.9
Egg (number billion) 44.1 87.6
Meat 2.60 4.1
Fish 5.9 11.9
Oilseeds 35.5 68.6
Vegetables 90.6 159.7
Fresh fruits 52.9 96.5
Sugarcane 262.3 435.6

125. Approach
High Value Agriculture
Secondary Agriculture (Food Technology)
Speciality Agriculture
National Agricultural Science Foundation
National Agricultural Innovation
Foundation
Farmer FIRST
Student READY
R&D Policy for Agriculture

126. We foresee…
Climate Resilient Agriculture
Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture
Agriculture as a sought after subject and a career
Evergreen and Rainbow Revolution and Assured
diversification in food basket
Food-self-Reliant and Healthy India

127. THANK YOU