2. HUMAN RIGHTS – SEVEN FREEDOM
I. Freedom from discrimination- e.g. Gender,
race, ethnicity, national origin and religion
II. Freedom from fear of threats to personal
security, from torture, arbitrary arrest and
other violent acts.
III. Freedom of thoughts and speech and to
participate in decision making and forming
associations.
IV. Freedom from wants – to enjoy decent
standard of living
3. V. Freedom to realize one’s human potential
VI. Freedom from injustice
VII. Freedom for decent work – without
exploitation
4. United Nations, Women and Human Rights
• 1946 CSW established
• 1948 UN declaration of human rights
• 1975 International women’s year
• 1975 First World Conference on Women,
Mexico city
• 1976-1985 UN decade for women
• 1976
--INSTRAW established
--UNIFEM established
• 1979 CEDAW adopted
5. • 1980 2nd world conference, Copenhagen
• 1985 3rd world conference, Nairobi
• 1995 4th world conference, Beijing China
• 2000 23rd special session of the on women, equality,
development and peace (Beijing+5)
• 2000 UN millennium development summit
• October 2000 Security council resolution 1325
women, peace and security
6. • Gender equality firmly placed on the global agenda
THE UNITED NATIONS DECADE FOR WOMEN(1976-1985)
• Critical role of women in the development process
acknowledged
• Adoption of the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women by the United
Nations General Assembly in 1979
• Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies adopted by 157
countries
• International women’s movement expanded its network
• Creation of two United Nations bodies devoted
exclusively to women:
7. NAIROBI FORWARD-LOOKING STRATEGIES
Enforcement of laws guaranteeing the
implementation of women’s equality
Increase in the life expectancy of women to
at least 65 years in all countries
Reduction of maternal mortality
Elimination of women’s illiteracy
Expansion of employment opportunities
8. Beijing Platform for Action
12 critical Area of Concern
Women and Poverty
Education and training of
women
Women and Health
Violence against women
Women and Armed
Conflict
Women and the
Economy
Women in Power and
Decision-Making
Institutional mechanisms
Human Rights of Women
Women and the Media
Women and the
Environment
The Girl Child
9. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms
of Discrimination against Women
• Equal rights for women in all fields including
political, social, economic, cultural and civil,
regardless of their marital status;
• National legislation to ban discrimination;
• Temporary special measures to enhance the
participation of women in political and public
life;
• Equal access to education and the same
choice of curricula;
10. • Non-discrimination in employment and pay;
• The guarantee of job security in the event of
marriage and maternity;
• Equal responsibilities of men and women in
the context of family life;
• Special services to enable women to
combine family obligations with work
responsibilities and participation in public
life.
11. THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve universal primary education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• Reduce child mortality
• Improve maternal health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Develop a global partnership for development
12. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN GOVERNMENT
POLICY
I. Creating an environment through positive
economic and social policies for full
development of women to enable them to
realize their full potential
II. Enjoyment of all human rights and
fundamental freedom by women on equal
basis with men in all spheres – political,
economic, social, cultural and civil
III. Equal access to participation and decision
making of women in social, political and
economic life of the nation
Contd.
13. IV. Equal access to women to health care,
quality education at all levels, career and
vocational guidance, employment, equal
remuneration, occupational health and
safety, social security and public office etc.
V. Strengthening legal systems aimed at
elimination of all forms of discrimination
against women
VI. Changing societal attitudes and community
practices by active participation and
involvement of both men and women
Contd.
14. VII. Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the
development process
VIII.Elimination of discrimination and all forms
of violence against women and the girl
child; and
IX. Building and strengthening partnerships
with civil society, particularly women’s
organizations.
15. Economic empowerment
I. Poverty eradication
II. Micro-credit-easy access to credit
III. Women’s perspective in macro-economic
policies
IV. Empower women to meet negative impact
of lpg
V. Enhance productivity and skills in
agriculture-
VI. Women & industry-entrepreneurship
development, labour legislations support
16. • Social Empowerment - to create an enabling
environment through various affirmative
developmental policies and programmes for
development of women besides providing them
easy and equal access to all the basic minimum
services so as to enable them to realize their full
potentials.
17. I. Education- equal access, universalisation
of education, reduce gender gaps, gender
sensitive educational system
II. Health- holistic approach to women’s
health reduction in IMR & MMR
III. Nutrition – meeting nutritional needs of
women at all stages of life cycle
IV. Housing and shelter – adequate and safe
housing
V. Science and technology – appropriate
technology to reduce drudgery
18. VI. Women in difficult circumstances –
capacity building of women in difficult
circumstances
VII.Violence against women- eliminate all
forms of violence against women
VIII.Right of the girl child – elimination of
gender discrimination
IX. Mass media – remove gender stereotypes
and promote positive image of women
19. ADMINISTRATITIVE MACHNERY
National Commission for Women
National Institute of Public Cooperation and
Child Development
Department of Women and Child Development
Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
Central Social Welfare Board
Women Development Corporations
National Vocational Training Institute
Crimes Against Women Cell/ Women police
station
20. WOMEN IN DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES
- WOMEN IN EXTREME POVERTY
- WIDOW/DESERTED/SEPARATED
- FORCED PROSTITUTION & TRAFFICKING
- VICTIM OF RAPE & SEXUAL HARASSMENT
- VICTIM OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
21. - VICTIM OF MARITAL DISPUTES/ CONFLICTS
- WOMEN OF ALCOHOLIC/DRUG ADDICTS HUSBAND
- WOMENWITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES UNWED
MOTHERS
- WOMEN IN CONFLICT WITH LAW AND WOMEN
PRISONERS
22. - WOMEN WORKER IN BONDAGE
- WOMEN USED AS DRUG PEDDLERS, PRONO
- VICTIM OF SOCIALLY SANTIONED PRACTICES
- VICTIM OF CASTE, CLASS & GENDER
23. Support to Training and Employment Programme for
Women (STEP)
This Programme launched in 1987, seeks to provide
updated skills and new knowledge to poor and
asset-less women in the traditional sectors such as
Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairying, Fisheries,
Handlooms, Handicrafts, Khadi and Village
Industries, Sericulture, Social Forestry and
Wasteland Development for enhancing their
productivity and income generation.
24. Swawlamban scheme
Swawlamban Scheme, previously known as
NORAD/Women’s Economic Programme, was
started in 1982-83 with the objective to provide
training and skills to the poor and needy women
and women from weaker sections of the society,
such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, etc.
to facilitate them to obtain employment or self-employment
on a sustained basis.
25. There are 36 traditional and non-traditional trades for
which assistance is provided under the scheme.
The State Women Development Corporations (WDCs)
are the nodal agencies for implementation of the
scheme mostly through voluntary organizations in the
States. However, in the States with no WDCs, the
programme is being implemented by CSWB/State Social
Welfare Advisory Boards, through the NGOs.
The Scheme, in consultation with the Planning
Commission stands transferred to States with effect
from 1.4.2006.
26. Swayamsidha
• Swayamsidha is an integrated scheme for
women’s empowerment through formation
of women into Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The
scheme was launched in February 2001
across the States and Union Territories of the
country with a total budget outlay of Rs.
116.30 crore.
27. • The most important component of the programme
is the formation, implementation and monitoring of
blocks specific composite project for 4-5 years
incorporating the following four elements:-
• Group formation/mobilisation activities;
• Community oriented innovative interventions;
• Convergence with specific schemes of MWCD,
namely STEP, SEP and AGP along with other
schemes, if there is a felt need for the same
28. Swadhar-A Scheme for Women in
Difficult Circumstances.
This scheme was launched by the Ministry during the year
2001-02 for the benefit of Women in difficult circumstances
with the following objectives:
l To provide primary need of Shelter, food, clothing and
care to the marginalized women/girls living in difficult
circumstances who are without any social and economic
support;
l To provide emotional support and counseling to such
women;
l To rehabilitate them socially and economically through
education, awareness, skill upgradation and personality
development through behavioral training etc;
29. To arrange for specific clinical, legal and other
support for women/girls in need of those
interventions by linking and networking with other
organizations in both government and Non-
Government Sectors on case to case basis;
To provide Help-line (24 hour Telephone facility) or
other facilities to such women in distress; and
To provide such other services as will be required
for support and rehabilitation of such women in
distress.
30. Target Group/ Beneficiaries
• Widows deserted by their families and relatives and
left uncared at religious places where they are
victims of exploitation;
• l Women prisoners released from jail and
without family support;
• l Women survivors of natural disaster, who have
been rendered homeless and are without any social
and economic support;
31. Trafficked women/ girls rescued or runaway from brothels
or other places or women/girl victims of sexual crimes, who
are disowned by family or who do not want to go back to
respective family for various reasons;
Women victims of terrorist/ extremist violence who are
without any family support and without any economic
means for survival;
Mentally challenged women (except for the Psychotic
categories) who are without any support of family or
relatives;
Women with HIV/AIDS deserted by their family or women
who have lost their husband due to HIV/AIDs and are
without social and economic support;
Similarly placed women in difficult circumstances.
32. UJJAWALA (RADIANCE OF LIGHT)
A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of
Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration
of Victims of Trafficking for Commercial
Sexual Exploitation launched on 4 December, 2007 To
be implemented by NGOs.
33. UJJAWALA (RADIANCE OF LIGHT)
The scheme comprises of five components:
i. Prevention—formation of community
vigilance groups/adolescents groups,
awareness and sensitization of important
functionaries like police, community
leaders and preparation of IEC material,
holding workshops, etc.
ii. Rescue—safe withdrawal of the victim from
the place of exploitation.
34. UJJAWALA (RADIANCE OF LIGHT)
iii. Rehabilitation—safe shelter for victims with basic
amenities, counseling, medical care, legal aid,
vocational training and income generation
activities etc.
iv. Half-Way Homes—for phased re-integration.
v. Reintegration—restoring victim into the
family/community
vi. Repatriation—provide support to cross-border
victims for their safe repatriation to their country of
origin.
35. Child Population in India
• India has the highest number of
children in the world.
• More than one third of country’s
population is below 18 years
• Approximately 40% of the population
(around 440 million) is children
36. Status of Children in India
India has
highest rate of neo-natal deaths (around 35%) in the world
40% of child malnutrition in developing world
50% of the child mortality
Reducing number of girls in 0-6 age group- for every 1000 boys
927 girls
46% children from ST and 38% SC out of school
High school dropout specially among girls
High rate of child marriage:
37% of literate & 51% of illiterate girls are married below 18
10% of literate & 15% of illiterate boys are married below 18
Large number of child labourers
Large number of sexually abused children
37. CHILD IN INDIA:OUR COMMITMENTS
• Constitutional Provisions
• Policies
• Schemes and Programmes
• Commitments at International Level
• Legislative Support
• Action Plans
38. Constitutional Provisions
• Article 15… not discriminate against any
citizen
• Article 21… no persons shall be deprived of
his life or personal liberty
• Article 23… traffic in human beings..forced
labour prohibited
• Article 24… no child below 14 years to work
39. Article 39… the tender age of children
are not abused
Article 42… for securing just and humane
conditions of work and for maternity
relief.
Article 45… free and compulsory
education to all children till fourteen years
of age.
Article 47… raising of the level of nutrition
and the standard of living of its people.
40. National Policy for Children - 1974
•Children to be covered by health and
nutrition services.
•Free and compulsory education to all
children below 14 years in a time bound
manner
•Non-formal education
•Physical education, games, sports to be
promoted in schools, community centres etc.
41. •Equality of opportunity to children of weaker
sections
•Children to be protected against neglect cruelty
and exploitation
•No child under 14 to work, special facilities for
handicapped children, priority to children during
distress, calamities, special programmes for gifted
children
•Existing laws to be amended to ensure safeguard
of children’s interest
42. National Health Policy - 1983
•Emphasis on launching of nation wide
immunization programme aimed at cent percent
coverage of targeted population
•Priority on launching of special programmes for
maternal and child health with focus on under
privileged sections of society
•School health programme
•Emphasis on provision of safe drinking water
-sanitation facilities
43. National Policy on Education -
1986
•High priority to ECCE
•Day Care Centres as support service for
universalisation of primary education
•Integration of child care and pre-primary
education
•Universal enrolment and retention of children up
to 14 years of age in the school system
•Child centred activity based process of learning
adopted at primary stage
44. •Supplementary remedial instruction for first
generation learners
•Provision for essential facilities in primary school
•Highest priority to solving of school drop-out
children
•Non-formal education facilities for working children,
school drop-outs, girl children
•Provision of at least two teachers-one women in
every school
45. National Policy on Child Labour - 1987
•Setting up of Child Labour Technical Advisory
Committee
•Emphasis on strict enforcement of provisions of
child labour (Prohibition and Regulation ) Act,
1986 and other child related legislation.
•Focussing on General Development Programmes
for Benefiting Child Labour
•Setting up of area specific projects
46. National Nutrition Policy - 1993
Realised the importance of tackling the
problem of mal-nutrition through direct
nutrition intervention for specially
vulnerable groups as well as through
various development policy instruments,
which will create condition for improved
nutrition
47. Direct Intervention - Short Term
•Expanding the safety net
•Reaching the adolescent girls
•Better coverage of expectant women
•Fortification of Essential Foods
•Control of Micro-nutrient Deficiencies
amongst vulnerable Groups
48. Indirect Policy Instruments - Long
Term
•Food Security
•Improvement of Dietry Pattern through
Production and Demonstration
•Improving Public Distribution System
and Purchasing power
•Nutrition Surveillance
•Basic Health and Nutrition Knowledge
49. Schemes and Programmes
Government of India implements more
than 120 schemes and programmes for
the welfare and development of children
and women through more than 13
Ministries and Departments
Department of Women and Child
Development alone implements about 35
schemes and programmes.
50. Some Important Schemes
•ICDS -Integrated Child Development
Services
•National Creche Fund
•National Children’s Fund
•Creches for Children of working/ailing
mothers
•Balika Samriddhi Yojana
•Early Childhood Education
51. Commitments at International Level
•Universal Children’s Day - 1957
•UN Declaration of Rights of the Child - 1959
•UN Convention on Rights of the Child - 1989
•World Conference on Education for all - 1990
•World Summit on Children - 1990
•Ratification of UN Convention in the Rights of the
Child - 1992
52. UN Convention on the Rights of the
Child - 1989
The Right to Survival
The Right to Protection
The Right to Development
The Right to Participation
53. Protection Issues
• Protecting children in difficult
circumstances including natural disasters:
– Children in Need of Care and Protection
– Child in Conflict with Law
• Elimination of child labour
• Protecting children from being trafficked
for commercial and sexual exploitation
• Protecting children affected by HIV/AIDS
54. Children in Need of Care &
Protection…
Orphans, abandoned & destitute children
Missing or run-away children
Street & working children
Children of sex workers
Abused, tortured and exploited children
Children indulging in substance abuse
Children affected by HIV/AIDS
Children affected by natural calamities, emergencies and man
made disasters
Children with disabilities
Child beggars
Children suffering from terminal/incurable disease
55. Existing Programmes
The existing schemes & programmes of GOI includes: A Programme for Juvenile Justice
Scheme for Working Children in need of care and protection
Integrated Programme for Street Children
Shishu Greha Scheme
General Grant-in-aid Scheme
CHILDLINE-24 hour help line for children in distress
Rajiv Gandhi national crèche scheme for the children of
working mothers
Pilot Project to Combat the Trafficking of Women and
Children for Commercial Sexual Exploitation in Destination
Areas
Scheme for assistance to institutions/VO’s for care and support
to children affected by HIV/AIDS
56. Gaps
Lack of qualitative and quantitative data on:
Children in need of care & protection
Children in conflict with law
Institutional Care system
Standards of care not established and implemented
Inadequate infrastructure under JJ system, like
constitution of:
Juvenile Justice Boards
Child Welfare Committees
Special Juvenile Police Units
Lack of non-institutional and family based care
system for children
57. Gaps
Skewed utilization of resources in terms of
geographical spread;
Lack of coordination and convergence of
programmes/services;
Inadequate emphasis for reintegration and
restoration to families for rehabilitation;
Inadequate budgetary allocation for child
protection.
Inadequate training and capacity building
of functionaries under juvenile justice
system
58. Current Initiatives
• Amendment of Juvenile Justice (Care and
Protection of Children) Act, 2000
• Comprehensive Scheme “Integrated Child
Protection Programme”
• Adoption Scheme
59. Proposed Integrated Child Protection
Scheme (ICPS)
• GOI has proposed to combine its existing different child
protection schemes under one integrated scheme
• It aims to provide for care and protection of all the children in
conflict with law and children in need of care and protection.
• It proposes to involve steps to:
– Strengthen families and prevent them from breakup and
children becoming homeless and without care and protection.
– Provide support to children already outside the mainstream,
beginning from emergency outreach services to final
rehabilitation with their families/ society.
60. Objectives
The Integrated Child Protection Scheme aims at:
• Creating a safety net for children in need of care and
protection and children in conflict with law
• Promoting preventive measures to enable families to
stay together and prevent avoidable
institutionalization of children
• Providing services to the more vulnerable categories of
children through specialized programmes
61. • Establishing linkages for restoration of
children to their biological families/ placement
with adoptive families or foster families
• Ensuring effective implementation through the
creation of State level child protection units
• Supplementing and strengthening the
infrastructure established under the Juvenile
Justice Act, 2000
62. Objectives
Creating emergency access through CHILDLINE and
followed by counseling, restoration and rehabilitative services
along with linkages to other available services
Building capacities of families, community, NGOs, local
bodies, police, judiciary and other concerned departments of
State Government
Undertaking research, advocacy and spreading awareness
about child related issues.
Networking amongst the Allied Systems to ensure proper
treatment of children, care and rehabilitation
Initiating any other need based specialized innovative services
including child guidance and counselling especially to combat
drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and sexual abuse.
63. I n t e g r a t e d C h ild P r o t e c t io n S c h e m e
C h ild A d o p t io n C e ll
D is t . C P O f f ic e r
S o c ia l W o r k e r s ( 2 )
S h is h u G r e h a
J u v e n ile in C o n f lic t
w it h L a w
J J B
P r o b a t io n O f f ic e r
S P J U
H o m e s
D is t . C P O f f ic e r D is t . P r o b a t io n
N o n - In s t it u t io n a liz a t io n
S c h e m e
C h ild r e n in N e e d o f
C a r e & P r o t e c t io n
C W C
H o m e s
S c o ia l W o r k e r s ( 2 )
O f f ic e r
L e g a l O f f ic e r
S t a t e C h ild P r o t e c t io n U n it
S e c r e t a r y
64. Components of the Scheme
The components of the scheme would be
broadly divided in two categories:
– Juvenile in conflict with law, and
– Children in need of care and protection
65. Components of the ICPS
Juvenile in conflict with law: Under this
component, the Scheme would support
setting up:
– State Child Protection Unit
– Observation Homes
– Special Homes
– Aftercare Homes
– Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs)
– Special Juvenile Police Units (SPJU)
66. Components of the ICPS
Children in Need of Care & Protection: Under this
component, the Scheme would support setting up:
– State Child Protection Unit
– Children’s Homes
– Shelter Homes
– After-care Organisations
– Child Welfare Committees (CWCs)
– 24-hour Drop-in Shelters for Street Children
– CHILDLINE Service
67. Funding Pattern
• ICPS to be a centrally sponsored scheme and
shall be implemented through the State/UT
• Bulk funding from the Central Government.
• State/UT shall in turn provide grant-in-aid to
voluntary organizations under the different
components
• Eligibility criteria laid down for providing grant-in-
aid under the Scheme shall be adhered
68. Proposed Adoption Scheme
• Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA)
functions as the Central Authority for
promoting Adoptions in India
• The Ministry recognizes that there are gaps in
the existing Adoption system
• A draft Scheme has been prepared to
streamline the Adoption System in the country
69. Proposed Adoption Scheme
The major components of the draft scheme include:
Redefining the goals for Adoption
Reforming relevant laws
▪ Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act
2000
Rescheduling the procedure of:
▪ In-country Adoption
▪ Inter-country Adoption
Restructuring the system
Introducing the scheme of assistance for:
▪ Regional Offices of CARA at Kolkata, Guwahati,
Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Lucknow and Bhopal
▪ State Adoption Cells in every State