Nursing Pathophysiology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper
Nursing Pathophysiology Essay Assignment Discussion
PaperNeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters are the main way through which the brain
communicates. One nerve (neuron) communicates with another, instructing the other on
what to do. According to studies, psychiatric diseases are considered to be caused by an
imbalance or an inadequate amount of particular neurotransmitters in the brain. The
purpose of this paper is to discuss the neurotransmitter(s) that have been implicated in
anxiety, stress disorder (PTSD), post-traumatic and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and
biological pathology underlying each of these conditions Nursing Pathophysiology Essay
Assignment Discussion Paper.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERESerotonin is a
neurotransmitter that is often associated with feelings of anxiety. Serotonin is particularly
well-known for its potential to have an impact on one's mood, appetite, and sleep habits
(Kaur & Singh, 2017). Serotonin is produced by the pineal gland in the brain. Those who
suffer from anxiety disorders are considered to be carrying lower quantities of serotonin in
their body. As a result, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are often prescribed
medications for the treatment of anxiety disorders (SSRIs). They operate by raising the
quantity of serotonin in the body. In addition to serotonin, GABA, commonly known as
gamma-aminobutyric acid, has been proven to be connected with anxiety (Kaur & Singh,
2017). GABA has been shown to have a calming effect on the brain by decreasing neuronal
transmission. Consequently, the body is relieved of stress. People who suffer from severe
anxiety may be having a GABA deficiency. Personality, brain chemistry, and genetics are the
biological factors that could play a role in causing anxiety Nursing Pathophysiology Essay
Assignment Discussion Paper.The abnormal control of catecholamine, serotonin,
peptide, amino acid, and opioid neurotransmitters, all of which are located in brain circuits
that control and integrate stress and anxiety responses, are the core neurochemical aspects
of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Catecholamine is an organic chemical that
contains a catechol component, and it is responsible for helping the body adapt to stress
and prepare for a fight or flight response when it is needed. The catecholamines, or the
catecholamine family of neurotransmitters, which includes norepinephrine (NE), and
dopamine (DA) are produced from the amino acid tyrosine. As catecholamines are related
to stress, an elevation in catecholamines may be characterized by symptoms such as furious
outbursts and a constant feeling of being on edge. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that
plays a role in the regulation of sleep, hunger, aggression/impulsivity, motor function,
neuroendocrine function, analgesia, and sexual behavior (Jones et al., 2020). Certain post-

traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) behaviors such as impulsivity, anger, violence, depression,
and suicidal behavior are associated with the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin and
catecholamine dysregulation, on the other hand, are also reported in clients who have been
diagnosed with Traumatic Brain Injury (Jones et al., 2020) Nursing Pathophysiology Essay
Assignment Discussion Paper.Obsessive obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is connected
with anomalies in the cortico-striatal–thalamocortical (CSTC) circuitry, and it may also be
linked to the imbalance of neurotransmitters in this system. There are many
neurotransmitters that are important in the CSTC, including serotonin, dopamine,
glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (Pittenger, 2017). It is hypothesized that
the neurotransmitter paradigm of OCD is characterized by increased dopaminergic and
glutamatergic function in frontostriatal networks, as well as decreased serotonergic and
GABAergic neurotransmission in frontolimbic pathways (Pittenger, 2017). Such
neurotransmitter abnormalities may be responsible for frontostriatal hyperactivity as well
as decreased frontolimbic emotion control. The advancement of our knowledge of
neurotransmitter anomalies in OCD, as well as the relationship between anomalies in
distinct transmitter systems, offers the possibility for the invention of novel
pharmacotherapies Nursing Pathophysiology Essay Assignment Discussion
Paper.ReferencesJones, L. A., Sun, E. W., Martin, A. M., & Keating, D. J. (2020). The ever-
changing roles of serotonin. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 125,
105776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105776Kaur, S., & Singh, R. (2017). Role of
different neurotransmitters in anxiety: a systemic review. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(2), 411. https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/role-of-
different-neurotransmitters-in-anxiety-a-systemic-review/Pittenger, C. (Ed.). (2017).
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: phenomenology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Oxford
University Press.
https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780190228163.001.0001/med-
9780190228163-chapter-25 Nursing Pathophysiology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper