Solar inverter

1. Implementation of Solar Inverter
A Seminar Report
on

2. INTRODUCTION
 The main aim of this project is to use solar energy for household loads using an inverter.
Solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored
in batteries during day time for the utilization purpose whenever required.
 A solar inverter converts the direct current(DC)output of a photovoltaic solar panel into
alternating current(AC).

3. Needs of solar power
 Electricity rate has hiked in last four years.
 We need to focus on alternate option
 It has several advantages over other forms of electricity generation

4. Hardware Requirements
 Bridge-MOSFETs drive
 Step up Transformer
 Voltage regulator
 MOSFET driver
 PWM inverter IC
 Solar Panel
 Battery

5. Project Block Diagram

6. Battery
 A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electricity
 The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work
 The battery has become a common power source for many household robotics
and industrial applications

7. PWM Inverter IC
 PWM Technology are capable of producing ac voltage for varying magnitudes and
frequencies
 This inverter is used to develop the PWM pulses based on a fixed frequency using
common oscillator
 The IC SG3524 operates at a fixed frequency. And it contains an inbuilt 5V
regulator that supplies as a reference voltage.

8.  Comparator provides a liner control of the output pulse width by the
error amplifier.
 The resultant PWM pulse from the comparator is passed to the corresponding
output pass transistor(Q1, Q2 refer block diagram)using the pulse steering flip
flop.

9. MOSFET(IRF510)
 The metal-oxide –semiconductor field –effect
transistor(MOSFET)
 It is a semiconductor device that widely
used for switching purposes and for
amplification of electronic signals.
 The main principle of the MOSFET device is to
be able to control the voltage and current and
current flow between the source and drain
terminals .

10. Solar panels

11. Function of solar panels
 A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel and a
system of PV panels is called an array.
 Photo-voltaic energy is the direct conversion of light into
electricity at the atomic level.
 When sunlight hits the solar PV cell the photoelectric effect that
causes them to absorb photons of light and release the electrons.
When these free electrons are captured an electric current results
that can be used as electricity.

12. BC547(NPN-Transistor)
 The BC547 transistor is an NPN silicon transistor
 It is a bipolar transistor with three layers that are
used for signal amplification .
 The current gain from the emitter to the collector
terminal ,IC/IE is called alpha and is a function of the
transistor itself.

13. The Inverter
 The solar panel generated the electric current it is in the form of DC current is
transmitted to the inverter
 The inverter converts DC to AC by using two switches which convert the positive
only DC power to an alternating positive to negative AC power.
 The inverter will step up the voltage from 12 volts to 120 volts.

14. The solar inverter

15. working
 Expose the cell to light and it causes the absorb the photons and release
the electrons.
 The electrons will be sent to the N side and the holes to the P side ,resulting in yet
further disruption of electric neutrality.
 This flow of electrons is a current. the electrical field in the cell causes a voltage and
the product of these two is power
 The solar energy is stored in the battery from photo-voltaic cells.

16.  This stored energy of the battery is converted to AC supply of 50Hz frequency using
PWM inverter IC with MOSFET gate driver and step up voltage transformer
Working

17. Advantages
 High efficiency
 Ease of installation to save time and money
 Solar cells make absolutely no noise at all
 Very little maintenance is required
 Central and micro inverters can be up to 95% efficient.
 Lower installation cost

18. Disadvantage
 Central inverters is difficult to do properly and is usually the hardest part of
designing a solar array
 Micro inverters are more expensive
 It only produces the energy when the sun is shining.

19. Applications
 Can use for domestic applications
 Can use solar power inverters for industrial application
 String inverters are best suitable for home owners who are looking for
low cost PV systems.

20. Thankyou