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STKL2413
CHEMISTRY OF OIL AND FAT
(Lecturer- Prof Datin Dr Zuriati Zakaria
Group s – SEED OILS
LIST OF MEMBES
• YONG CHUNG SIANG A124524
• MICHELLE TANG SING YING A124535
• LONG KAR YIE KELLY A124594
• AHMAD BADRUZZAMAN BIN SHUIB A124603
• RABIAHTUL BINTI ZULKAFLI A124620
• LOH MEI LING A124624
• MOHD ADIL HAKAM BIN OSMAN A124660
CASTOR OIL(Ricinus communis)
BY : Ahmad badruzzaman bin shuib
• light gold oil that is expeller pressed from the
bean of the Ricinus Communis, a tropical
perennial shrub.
• Composed of approximately 90% of a hydroxy,
unsaturated C18 fatty acid-ricinoleic acid.
• In rusia:‘Kastorka’
• In indian:‘Erand
OIL COMPOSITION
Fatty acid % Of Oil
Ricinoleic, 12-hydroxyoleic (12-OH-
18:1)
87
Oleic (C18:1) 7.4
Linoleic (C18:2) 3.1
Lauric (C12:0), Myristic (C14:0),
Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0)
2.4
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CASTOR OIL
• Medical Uses
• best remedy for topical application in cases of
ringworm, keratoses, skin inflammation, abrasions,
fungal infections, alleviate infections and acne
• -ricinoleic acid makes castor oil a unique substance
with great healing capabilities
• Ricinoleic acid inhibits the growth of many viruses,
bacteria, yeasts and molds.
CHAULMOOGRA SEED OIL
(gynocardia oil, Hydnocarpus Seed oil)
by:ahmad badruzzaman bin shuib
• Other names for chaulmoogra oil include
chaulmogra oil, gynocardia oil, Hydnocarpus Seed
oil
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Fatty acid % Of Oil
Palmitic
-hydnocarpic
-chaulmoogric
4.5%
20%
gorlic 15%
oleic 12 %
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CHAULMOOGRA SEED OIL
• used to treat skin diseases and treat leprosy ;
practically a specific against Lep'ra bacil'lus
CHERRY KERNEL OIL
(Prunus cerasus)
By: LONG KAR YIE KELLY
• Cherry kernel oil is obtained from the kernels of
the cherry (Prunus cerasus).
• The oil has a golden yellow colour when fresh,
and a faint odour of almonds, which it loses in
time, turning easily rancid.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
• The fatty acid composition of cherry kernel oil are :
- 6.7–9.9% palmitic
- 0.9–4.2% stearic
- 0.3–1.1% arachidic
- 0.3–0.7% palmitoleic
- 38.6–53.2% oleic
- 33.9–51.9% linoleic
- 0.2–0.8% linolenic acids
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CHERRY KERNEL OIL
• Cherry kernel oil is known to contain the
polyunsaturated fatty acid called “eleostrearic”.
• “Eleostearic” play an important role in the
production of the hormones called Prostaglandins.
• Prostaglandins, which are an important group of
hormones that are involved in pain relief
mechanisms as wells as controlling cell
metabolism.
• Cherry kernel oil also contains natural
antioxidants.The taste and smell of the refined oil
has no resemblance to the actual fruit, it smells
and feels great on the skin. Cherry kernel oil is
used in skin care products.
• Cherry kernel oil is also rich in tocopherols, making
it a very stable and emollient oil.
it is a good choice for soaps and cosmetic
formulations.
OTHER USES
Cherry kernel oil can also be used as:
• a light, moisturizing oil and makes a great addition to lip
balms, skin creams, sugar scrubs, body butters, salt or
masks.
• can also lend its moisturizing properties to haircare formulas
where lighter oils are often preferred.
• salad or cooking oil
• in aromatherapy as penetrating carrier oil.
CHIA OIL
(Salvia Hispanica) By: LOH MEI LING
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Fatty acids Composition
(g/100g)
Tetradecanoic acid 0.021
Palmitic acid 7.043
Stearic acid 3.110
Eicosanoic acid 0.269
Docosanoic acid 0.042
Tetracosanoic acid 0.088
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CHIA OIL
• Promotes Cardiovascular Health
• Supports Healthy Inflammatory response
• Promotes Improved Immune System
• Nourishes Mental Health
• To preserve wood products
• To apply in oil painting
COCOA BUTTER
(Theobroma cacao) by: MICHELLE TANG SING YING
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
• Free fatty acids - 1.08%
• Palmitic acid - 20-30%
• Stearic acid - 31-35%
• Oleic acid - 29-35%
• Linoleic acid - 1-3%
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COCOA BUTTER
• often used by culinary experts in a baking
capacity. For example, used in making white
chocolate and certain confections.
• used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
• as an additive to cosmetics, shampoos and soaps.
SESAME SEED OIL
(Sesamum Indicum) By: RABIAHTUL BINTI ZULKAFLI
TWO TYPES OF SESAME SEED OIL
Unrefined oil
Characteristics
Color : Dark brown
Taste : Very strong bitter
nutty
Uses : For flavoring
Refined oil
Characteristics
Color : Straw yellow
Taste : Mild nutty
Uses : For frying,
roasting, stewing meats
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Fatty acids Range
C < 14 < 0.1
C14:0 < 0.5
C16:0 7.0-12.0
C16:1 < 0.5
C18:0 3.5-6.0
C18:1 35.0-50.0
C18:2 35.0-50.0
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF SESAME SEED OIL
• Inhibited the growth of malignant melanoma (a skin cancer)
• Inhibited replication of human colon cancer cells
• In the tissues beneath the skin, this oil will neutralize oxygen radicals.
• It helps tighten facial skin, particularly around the nose, controlling
the usual enlargement of pores as skin ages chronologically.
• It is used for eczema, psoriasis and mature skin and it contains
excellent moisturizing properties.
• It may be used for hair and scalp massage and helps in preventing
hair loss.
COCONUT OIL
(Cocos nucifera)
By: LOH MEI LING
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Faty acids Carbon length Composition
(%wt)
Caprylic acid 8:0 8
Capric acid 10:0 7
Lauric acid 12:0 48
Myristic acid 14:0 16
Palmitic acid 16:0 9
Stearic acid 18:0 2
Oleic acid 18:1 7
Linoleic acid 18:2 2
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL
• Preffered by athletes and body builders
• Cooking oil
• Hair care
• Stress Relief
• Skin Care
• As a massage oil and body lotion
• Prevent heart Diseases
• Weight Loss
• Helps in improving the digestive system
COD LIVER OIL
(Gadus morhua, Gadus macrocephalus, Gadus ogac)
by: LONG KAR YIE KELLY
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Fatty acid
Lower limit
(area%)
Upper limit
(area%)
Saturated fatty acids: Shorthand
notation
Myristic acid 14:0 2.0 6.0
Palmitic acid 16:0 7.0 14.0
Stearic acid 18:0 1.0 4.0
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids:
Palmetoleic acid 16:1n-7 4.5 11.5
cis-Vaccenic acid 18:1n-7 2.0 7.0
Oleic acid 18:1n-9 12.0 21.0
Gadoleic acid 20:1n-11 1.0 5.5
Gondoic acid 20:1n-9 5.0 17.0
Euricic acid 22:1n-9 0 1.5
Cetoleic acid 22:1n-11 5.0 12.0
Poly unsaturated fatty acids:
Linoleic acid 18:2n-6 0.5 3.0
g-Linolenic acid 18:3n-3 0 2.0
Moroctic acid 18:4n-3 0.5 4.5
Eicosapentanoic
acid(EPA)
20:5n-3 7.0 16.0
Docosahexanoic acid
(DHA)
22:6n-3 6.0 18.0
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COD LIVER OIL
• Cod liver oil is a nutritional supplement derived from
liver of cod fish.
• It has high levels of the omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and
DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A, vitamin D and
vitamin E.
• EPA IS A FATTY ACID THAT CONTAINS IN COD LIVER OIL WHICH
CAN PROMOTES A HEALTHY CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE DIET WITH OMEGA-3 COD LIVER OIL
CONCENTRATES HAS SHOWN THE POTENTIAL TO REDUCE BOTH THE
PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND RELATED
MORTALITY, INCLUDING SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH.
COFFEE OIL
(Coffea canephora, Coffea robusta, Coffea arabica)
BY: MOHD ADIL HAKAM BIN OSMAN
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Free Fatty Acid Percentage (%)
• C14:0 Myristic Acid 0.6 – 1.2
• C16:0 Palmitic Acid 8.76 – 11.34
• C16:1 Palmitoleic Acid 0.32 – 0.5
• C18:0 Stearic Acid 1.6 – 7.2
• C18:1 Oleic Acid 20.0 – 42.0
• C18:2 w6 Linoleic Acid 14.0 – 31.48
• C18:3 w3 Linolenic Acid 3.3 – 7.2
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COFFEE OIL
• The cold pressed oil contains a high amount of natural antioxidants, making
it an excellent choice for mature skin serums and formulations.
• Rich in Phytosterols, Roasted Coffee Oil can help the skin retain moisture.
• This aromatic oil makes an excellent ingredient for use in body lotions,
creams, bath products.
• used in aromatherapy for clearing your mind. It acts as an anti depressant.
• It is often used in sunblocks and colognes.
• Use of the oil is beneficial for the respiratory system and also for the
heart.
• It is used in baked goods and for the preparation of chocolates.
COFFEE BUTTER BY: YONG CHUNG SIANG
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
• 5 4 . 4 % of liquid acid consisting of linoleic
acid 29.5% and
• Oleic acid 21% as well as hydroxyl unsaturated
acids (4 %)
• 37.5% of solid acid including palmitic 29.2%
• Stearic acid 6.4% and tetracossanoic 1.8%.
THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COFFEE BUTTER
• High content of polyphenol make it good in retaining moisture
• Full of antioxidant that beneficial to skin
• Antioxidants destroy these free radicals, and so help to
preserve the integrity of your skin cells that allows you to
maintain a more youthful appearance
• The antioxidant in coffee butter is phytophenol of which
chlorogenic acid is found in particularly high concentrations in
coffee oil.
• This butter makes an excellent ingredient in fresh creams and
lotions, with an naturally rich aroma
SUMMARY
Types of oil Higher composition of fatty acid Uses
Castor oil Ricinoleic, 12-hydroxyoleic (12-OH-18:1) (87%) Best remedy for topical application
Chaulmoogra seed oil Palmitic acid (16:0) (65%) To treat skin diseases
Cherry kernel oil Oleic acid (18:1) (38.6–53.2%) Production of the hormones called
Prostaglandins
Chia oil Linolenic acid (18:3) (62.64%) Promotes Cardiovascular Health
Cocoa butter Stearic acid (18:0) (31-35% ) Cosmetic and pharmaceutical products
Sesame seed oil Oleic (18:1) & Linoleic acid (18:2) (35-50%) Frying oil
Coconut oil Lauric acid (12:0) (48%) Cooking oil
Cod liver oil Oleic acid (18:1) (21%) Promotes a healthy cardiovascular system
Coffee oil Linoleic Acid (18:2) (14.0 – 31.48 %) Cosmetics
Coffee butter Linoleic acid (18:2) (29.5% ) Moisturizing agent
THE END

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Seed oils

  • 1. STKL2413 CHEMISTRY OF OIL AND FAT (Lecturer- Prof Datin Dr Zuriati Zakaria Group s – SEED OILS
  • 2. LIST OF MEMBES • YONG CHUNG SIANG A124524 • MICHELLE TANG SING YING A124535 • LONG KAR YIE KELLY A124594 • AHMAD BADRUZZAMAN BIN SHUIB A124603 • RABIAHTUL BINTI ZULKAFLI A124620 • LOH MEI LING A124624 • MOHD ADIL HAKAM BIN OSMAN A124660
  • 3. CASTOR OIL(Ricinus communis) BY : Ahmad badruzzaman bin shuib
  • 4. • light gold oil that is expeller pressed from the bean of the Ricinus Communis, a tropical perennial shrub. • Composed of approximately 90% of a hydroxy, unsaturated C18 fatty acid-ricinoleic acid. • In rusia:‘Kastorka’ • In indian:‘Erand
  • 5. OIL COMPOSITION Fatty acid % Of Oil Ricinoleic, 12-hydroxyoleic (12-OH- 18:1) 87 Oleic (C18:1) 7.4 Linoleic (C18:2) 3.1 Lauric (C12:0), Myristic (C14:0), Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0) 2.4
  • 6. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CASTOR OIL • Medical Uses • best remedy for topical application in cases of ringworm, keratoses, skin inflammation, abrasions, fungal infections, alleviate infections and acne • -ricinoleic acid makes castor oil a unique substance with great healing capabilities • Ricinoleic acid inhibits the growth of many viruses, bacteria, yeasts and molds.
  • 7. CHAULMOOGRA SEED OIL (gynocardia oil, Hydnocarpus Seed oil) by:ahmad badruzzaman bin shuib
  • 8. • Other names for chaulmoogra oil include chaulmogra oil, gynocardia oil, Hydnocarpus Seed oil
  • 9. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION Fatty acid % Of Oil Palmitic -hydnocarpic -chaulmoogric 4.5% 20% gorlic 15% oleic 12 %
  • 10. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CHAULMOOGRA SEED OIL • used to treat skin diseases and treat leprosy ; practically a specific against Lep'ra bacil'lus
  • 11. CHERRY KERNEL OIL (Prunus cerasus) By: LONG KAR YIE KELLY
  • 12. • Cherry kernel oil is obtained from the kernels of the cherry (Prunus cerasus). • The oil has a golden yellow colour when fresh, and a faint odour of almonds, which it loses in time, turning easily rancid.
  • 13. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION • The fatty acid composition of cherry kernel oil are : - 6.7–9.9% palmitic - 0.9–4.2% stearic - 0.3–1.1% arachidic - 0.3–0.7% palmitoleic - 38.6–53.2% oleic - 33.9–51.9% linoleic - 0.2–0.8% linolenic acids
  • 14. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CHERRY KERNEL OIL • Cherry kernel oil is known to contain the polyunsaturated fatty acid called “eleostrearic”. • “Eleostearic” play an important role in the production of the hormones called Prostaglandins. • Prostaglandins, which are an important group of hormones that are involved in pain relief mechanisms as wells as controlling cell metabolism.
  • 15. • Cherry kernel oil also contains natural antioxidants.The taste and smell of the refined oil has no resemblance to the actual fruit, it smells and feels great on the skin. Cherry kernel oil is used in skin care products.
  • 16. • Cherry kernel oil is also rich in tocopherols, making it a very stable and emollient oil. it is a good choice for soaps and cosmetic formulations.
  • 17. OTHER USES Cherry kernel oil can also be used as: • a light, moisturizing oil and makes a great addition to lip balms, skin creams, sugar scrubs, body butters, salt or masks. • can also lend its moisturizing properties to haircare formulas where lighter oils are often preferred. • salad or cooking oil • in aromatherapy as penetrating carrier oil.
  • 18. CHIA OIL (Salvia Hispanica) By: LOH MEI LING
  • 19. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION Fatty acids Composition (g/100g) Tetradecanoic acid 0.021 Palmitic acid 7.043 Stearic acid 3.110 Eicosanoic acid 0.269 Docosanoic acid 0.042 Tetracosanoic acid 0.088
  • 20. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF CHIA OIL • Promotes Cardiovascular Health • Supports Healthy Inflammatory response • Promotes Improved Immune System • Nourishes Mental Health • To preserve wood products • To apply in oil painting
  • 21. COCOA BUTTER (Theobroma cacao) by: MICHELLE TANG SING YING
  • 22. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION • Free fatty acids - 1.08% • Palmitic acid - 20-30% • Stearic acid - 31-35% • Oleic acid - 29-35% • Linoleic acid - 1-3%
  • 23. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COCOA BUTTER • often used by culinary experts in a baking capacity. For example, used in making white chocolate and certain confections. • used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. • as an additive to cosmetics, shampoos and soaps.
  • 24. SESAME SEED OIL (Sesamum Indicum) By: RABIAHTUL BINTI ZULKAFLI
  • 25. TWO TYPES OF SESAME SEED OIL Unrefined oil Characteristics Color : Dark brown Taste : Very strong bitter nutty Uses : For flavoring Refined oil Characteristics Color : Straw yellow Taste : Mild nutty Uses : For frying, roasting, stewing meats
  • 26. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION Fatty acids Range C < 14 < 0.1 C14:0 < 0.5 C16:0 7.0-12.0 C16:1 < 0.5 C18:0 3.5-6.0 C18:1 35.0-50.0 C18:2 35.0-50.0
  • 27. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF SESAME SEED OIL • Inhibited the growth of malignant melanoma (a skin cancer) • Inhibited replication of human colon cancer cells • In the tissues beneath the skin, this oil will neutralize oxygen radicals. • It helps tighten facial skin, particularly around the nose, controlling the usual enlargement of pores as skin ages chronologically. • It is used for eczema, psoriasis and mature skin and it contains excellent moisturizing properties. • It may be used for hair and scalp massage and helps in preventing hair loss.
  • 29. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION Faty acids Carbon length Composition (%wt) Caprylic acid 8:0 8 Capric acid 10:0 7 Lauric acid 12:0 48 Myristic acid 14:0 16 Palmitic acid 16:0 9 Stearic acid 18:0 2 Oleic acid 18:1 7 Linoleic acid 18:2 2
  • 30. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL • Preffered by athletes and body builders • Cooking oil • Hair care • Stress Relief • Skin Care • As a massage oil and body lotion • Prevent heart Diseases • Weight Loss • Helps in improving the digestive system
  • 31. COD LIVER OIL (Gadus morhua, Gadus macrocephalus, Gadus ogac) by: LONG KAR YIE KELLY
  • 32. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION Fatty acid Lower limit (area%) Upper limit (area%) Saturated fatty acids: Shorthand notation Myristic acid 14:0 2.0 6.0 Palmitic acid 16:0 7.0 14.0 Stearic acid 18:0 1.0 4.0 Mono-unsaturated fatty acids: Palmetoleic acid 16:1n-7 4.5 11.5 cis-Vaccenic acid 18:1n-7 2.0 7.0 Oleic acid 18:1n-9 12.0 21.0 Gadoleic acid 20:1n-11 1.0 5.5 Gondoic acid 20:1n-9 5.0 17.0 Euricic acid 22:1n-9 0 1.5 Cetoleic acid 22:1n-11 5.0 12.0 Poly unsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic acid 18:2n-6 0.5 3.0 g-Linolenic acid 18:3n-3 0 2.0 Moroctic acid 18:4n-3 0.5 4.5 Eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) 20:5n-3 7.0 16.0 Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) 22:6n-3 6.0 18.0
  • 33. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COD LIVER OIL • Cod liver oil is a nutritional supplement derived from liver of cod fish. • It has high levels of the omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E.
  • 34. • EPA IS A FATTY ACID THAT CONTAINS IN COD LIVER OIL WHICH CAN PROMOTES A HEALTHY CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE DIET WITH OMEGA-3 COD LIVER OIL CONCENTRATES HAS SHOWN THE POTENTIAL TO REDUCE BOTH THE PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND RELATED MORTALITY, INCLUDING SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH.
  • 35. COFFEE OIL (Coffea canephora, Coffea robusta, Coffea arabica) BY: MOHD ADIL HAKAM BIN OSMAN
  • 36. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION Free Fatty Acid Percentage (%) • C14:0 Myristic Acid 0.6 – 1.2 • C16:0 Palmitic Acid 8.76 – 11.34 • C16:1 Palmitoleic Acid 0.32 – 0.5 • C18:0 Stearic Acid 1.6 – 7.2 • C18:1 Oleic Acid 20.0 – 42.0 • C18:2 w6 Linoleic Acid 14.0 – 31.48 • C18:3 w3 Linolenic Acid 3.3 – 7.2
  • 37. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COFFEE OIL • The cold pressed oil contains a high amount of natural antioxidants, making it an excellent choice for mature skin serums and formulations. • Rich in Phytosterols, Roasted Coffee Oil can help the skin retain moisture. • This aromatic oil makes an excellent ingredient for use in body lotions, creams, bath products. • used in aromatherapy for clearing your mind. It acts as an anti depressant. • It is often used in sunblocks and colognes. • Use of the oil is beneficial for the respiratory system and also for the heart. • It is used in baked goods and for the preparation of chocolates.
  • 38. COFFEE BUTTER BY: YONG CHUNG SIANG
  • 39. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION • 5 4 . 4 % of liquid acid consisting of linoleic acid 29.5% and • Oleic acid 21% as well as hydroxyl unsaturated acids (4 %) • 37.5% of solid acid including palmitic 29.2% • Stearic acid 6.4% and tetracossanoic 1.8%.
  • 40. THE APPLICATION AND BENEFITS OF COFFEE BUTTER • High content of polyphenol make it good in retaining moisture • Full of antioxidant that beneficial to skin • Antioxidants destroy these free radicals, and so help to preserve the integrity of your skin cells that allows you to maintain a more youthful appearance • The antioxidant in coffee butter is phytophenol of which chlorogenic acid is found in particularly high concentrations in coffee oil. • This butter makes an excellent ingredient in fresh creams and lotions, with an naturally rich aroma
  • 41. SUMMARY Types of oil Higher composition of fatty acid Uses Castor oil Ricinoleic, 12-hydroxyoleic (12-OH-18:1) (87%) Best remedy for topical application Chaulmoogra seed oil Palmitic acid (16:0) (65%) To treat skin diseases Cherry kernel oil Oleic acid (18:1) (38.6–53.2%) Production of the hormones called Prostaglandins Chia oil Linolenic acid (18:3) (62.64%) Promotes Cardiovascular Health Cocoa butter Stearic acid (18:0) (31-35% ) Cosmetic and pharmaceutical products Sesame seed oil Oleic (18:1) & Linoleic acid (18:2) (35-50%) Frying oil Coconut oil Lauric acid (12:0) (48%) Cooking oil Cod liver oil Oleic acid (18:1) (21%) Promotes a healthy cardiovascular system Coffee oil Linoleic Acid (18:2) (14.0 – 31.48 %) Cosmetics Coffee butter Linoleic acid (18:2) (29.5% ) Moisturizing agent