Teasdale corti project on veterinary public health2

M. Phil Research Proposal

Dr. Zulficar Aboobucker, M.Phil
Candidate (Teasdale Corti Project)

Teasdale Corti Project on
Veterinary Public Health

Personal Information:
 Name: Dr. Zulficar Aboobucker
 Designation: Government Veterinary Surgeon
 Service Station: Sainthamaruthu
Eastern Province
( 8 Hours Journey from Working
Station to Peradeniya)
 Service Period: 14 Years



M. Phil Candidate: M.A.M. Zulficar
Aboobucker

Nominated by: Department of Animal
Production and Health

Institution: Post Graduate Institute
of Agriculture

Board of Study: Agricultural Extension

Course: Organizational
Management


Research Title:

EVALUATION OF VETERINARY
PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN SRI
LANKA


Background

 Veterinary Services is a Public Good of National as
well as Global Importance

 Veterinary Services apply the knowledge, skills
and resources of Veterinary Science.

 Veterinary Surgeons in Sri Lanka are the legally
authorized Professional Human Resources that
apply the knowledge, skills and other material
resources of Veterinary Science

Public Health and
Veterinary Services

 Public Health is defined by the World Health
Organization as the Physical, Mental, Social and
Spiritual Well-being of the People not merely the
absence of diseases.
 Veterinary Services contributes to the Physical,
Mental, Social and Spiritual Well being of the
People (Public Health) in two Principal ways.


Public Health & Veterinary Services

1.
 nutritional status and
Ensuring food security, improving
socio-economic status and reducing poverty through zoo-
technical Production that involves –

 The Preservation of Livestock and other related resources –
control irrational slaughter etc.
 Protection of Livestock from or against Diseases and Pests,
theft or stealing, malnutrition or Starvation etc.
 Improvement of Production and Productivity of Livestock and
other related resources. (Genetic Improvement, Productivity
Improvement through Improved management and feeding
Practices etc.)
 Improvement of Market access


2.
 against dangers, threats and
Protection of People from or
nuisances by, from or through Animals, Animal Products
& Food of animal origin and Animal and Farm wastes
that involves

- Hygiene of Foodstuff of Animal Origin (Food Safety and
Food Suitability) from stable to table or farm to fork

- control of zoonotic diseases of Animals

- Control of Stray Animals (to prevent accidents, physical
disabilities, deaths etc.)



 The Sum of the above two contribution made by the
Veterinary Services has been defined as Veterinary
Public Health (VPH = 1 + 2 above)
(Veterinary Public Health is defined by the
WHO/FAO/OIE as the sum of the
Contributions to the Physical, mental and
social well-being of the Public by the
understanding and applying the Veterinary
Science)




 So,

- Veterinary Science = an Arm of Preventive
human Medicine (a Public Health Arm of Human
Medicine)

- Veterinary Services = a Guarantor of Public Health

- Veterinary Surgeon = a Public Health Professional

Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka


 Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka is highly
fragmented and have not been well organized.

 Several Institutions engaged in Veterinary Services at
different level for different purposes:
- at National Level
- at Provincial Level
- at Local / Administrative Divisional Level




 At National Level:
- Department of Animal Production and Health
(Zoo-technical Production, Control of Animal Feed)

- Department of Health Services:
 Environmental Health Division (Food Safety)
 Medical Supplies and Technology Division (Control of Drugs)
 Public Health Veterinary Services Division (Rabies Control Works)

- Department of Wildlife Conservation
(Wild Animal Health)

- Department of National Zoological Gardens
(Wild and Exotic Animals Health and Management)

- Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources
(Aquatic Animal Health)



 At Provincial Level:
- Provincial Councils have been devolved with the Veterinary
Services Functions by the Constitution

- 9 Provincial Councils have been established

- Provincial Level Veterinary Services has not been well
organized yet.


Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka (Current
Situation)

 At Local / Divisional Level:
- At Local Level, Local Government Institutions have been
entrusted with a Lots of Veterinary Services Responsibilities

- Different form of Local Government Institutions in Sri Lanka:
 Municipal Councils ( for Metropolitan or Highly Urbanized
areas)
 Urban Councils ( for Town areas)
 Pradeshiya Sabhas (for Rural Areas)

- Veterinary Services of the Local Government Institutions too have
not been organized well

(Legislations)

 There are different types of Legislations in Sri Lanka:
- The Constitution of Sri Lanka

- Principal Legislations
 Enacted exclusively by Parliament

- Subsidiary / Subordinate Legislations:

 These are delegated legislations subordinate to Principal Legislations
 Different forms of Subordinate Legislations:
 Statutes ( by the Provincial Councils)
 Bye-Laws (by the Local Government Institutions)
 Regulations (by the Ministers or other Persons authorized by the Principal
Legislations)


Veterinary Legislations in Sri Lanka


 There are a number of Veterinary Legislations in Sri
Lanka

 Most of these Veterinary Legislations are very old
and some of them are more than 100 years old

 Some of these Legislations are as follows:




 Principal Legislations:
1. Agrarian Development Act No: 46 of 2000
2. Animals Act No: 29 of 1958 as amended by Acts No: 20 of
1964, 10 of 1968, 46 of 1988 and 10 of 2009
3. Animal Diseases Act No: 59 of 1992
4. Animal Feed Act No: 15 of 1986
5. Butchers Ordinance No: 9 of 1893 as amended by Acts No:
44 of 1947, 2 of 1951, 48 of 1953, 31 of 1976, 60 of 1981 and
13 of 2008
6. Cosmetics, Devices and Drugs Act No: 27 of 1980 as
amended by Acts No: 38 of 1984, 25 of 1987, 12 of 1993
and 12 of 2005



7. Dangerous Animals Ordinance No: 38 of 1921
8. Dried Meat Ordinance
9. Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance No: 2 of 1937
as amended by Acts No: 31 of 1942, 12 of 1944, 12 of
1945, 38 of 1949, 44 of 1964, 1 of 1970, 49 of 1993 and
22 of 2009
10. Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act
11. Food Act No: 26 of 1980




12. Food Control Act No:
13. Forest Conservation Ordinance
14. Kraals Ordinance
15. Milk Board Act
16. Municipal Councils Ordinance No: 61 of 1939
17. Municipal Dairies and Laundries Ordinance
18. National Environment Act No: 47 of 1980
19. National Zoological Gardens Act No: 41 of 1982
20. Nuisances Ordinance
21. Penal Code of Sri Lanka No: 2 of 1883
22. Police Ordinance
23. Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance



23. Pradeshiya Sabha Act No: 15 of 1987
24. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act
25. Rabies Ordinance
26. Registration of Dogs Ordinance
27. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
(Incorporation) Act
28. Suburban Dairies and Laundries Ordinance
29. Urban Councils Ordinance
30. Veterinary Surgeons and Practitioners Act No: 46 of
1956




Subordinate Veterinary Legislations:

 Statutes of the Provincial Councils:

No Statutes with regard to the Veterinary Services,
enacted by any of the 9 Provincial Councils could be
found.




Subordinate Legislations:
 Bye – Laws made or adopted by Local Authorities:
(Some Examples)
- Standard bye-Laws for Municipal Councils published
in the Gazette Extraordinary No:
- Standard Bye-Laws for Pradeshiya Sabhas published
in the Gazette Extraordinary No: 520/7 of 1988.08.23
- Bye-Laws of Kinniya Urban Council published in the
Gazette Extraordinary No:




 Subordinate Legislations:
 Regulations made under Principal Laws & Statutes:

- Regulations made under the Animals Act and Published in the Gazette
Extraordinary No: 13,268 of 1968.08.20 as amended by Regulations Published in
the Gazette Extraordinary No:

- Regulations made under the Animal Diseases Act.
- Regulations made under the Animal Feed Act No: 15 of 1976
- Regulations made under the Cosmetics, Devices and Drugs Act No: 27 of 1980
and Published in the Gazette Extraordinary No:
- Regulations made under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance
- Regulations made under the Fisheries & aquatic resources Act
- Regulations made under the Food Act
- Regulations made under the Forests Ordinance
- Regulations made under the National Environment Act

Emerging Social Challenges of Veterinary
Services

 Policy Change
- Mahinda Chinthana Policy Framework for the Establishment of
Healthy Nation

- Cabinet Decision in 2007 for the Establishment of Public Health
Veterinary Services Units at Local authority level

 Power and Politics
 Globalization in Trade and Travel:
 Highly urbanization, change in life style, Shrinkage of Farm
Lands and increased demand for food of animal origin; Urban
Re-ruralization
 Climatic Changes and Global Warming

Services

 Environmental Concern:
- Animal Wastes and Animal related Industrial Waste and
Environmental Pollution
- Biological and Chemical Pollution of Environment
- Changes in Ecosystem

 Changing relationship between Human and Animals
- Compassion and Love towards Animals (Animal Welfare
Concerns)
- Human – Wild Animal Conflicts (Human Elephant conflict,
Monkeys nuisance, Wild Pigs)
- Animal Trespasses into Agricultural Lands


Services

 HIV/ AIDS (Immunosuppressive Diseases)
 Disasters (Both Natural and Man-made Disasters)
 Bio-invasion / Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious
diseases
 Bio-terrorism:
- Food Terrorism
- Biological Weapons


Future Role of Veterinary Services


 So, the Core role and responsibility of a State Veterinary
Services capable of managing the Challenges may be
classified as follows:

- Food Security and Economic Development
- Veterinary Bio-Security/ Bio-Defense
- Food Safety and Suitability
- Public Safety (Control of Stray Animals etc., Nuisance)
- Animal Safety (Animal Protection or Animal Welfare)
- Environmental Safety


Purpose and Objectives

 The Purpose of the research is to find the correct
answer to the question

IS SRI LANKA READY TO FACE THE
EMERGING CHALLENGES OF A STATE
VETERINARY SERVICES ?



 Objectives of the research:

1. To evaluate the organization, management, and functionality
of the State Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka in relation to the
emerging challenges of a State Veterinary Services;

2. To conduct an in-depth analysis of existing legislations in Sri
Lanka relating to Veterinary Services and in particular to
discuss the weak linkages, hiatuses, gaps and any other areas
of aspects where improvement and strengthening of such
legislations are deemed necessary inclusive of improvements
to the implementation and enforcement machinery; and



 Objective of the Research (Contd.)

3. To make suggestions for the improvement of
institutional framework. Organizational set up and
administrative facilities desirable or deemed
necessary for the most efficient delivery of State
Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka and the
implementation and enforcement of the existing
legislations as well as new legislations
contemplated.

Methodology

 Institutional Assessment of Veterinary Services in Sri
Lanka:

- This Assessment will be carried out based on the OIE
Guidelines of Evaluation of Veterinary services (OIE-PVS
TOOLS 2010) and tools recommended by Correa Melo
(2003) on the following aspects:
 The Organizational Structure of Veterinary Services of
different institutions in Sri Lanka
 The Resources:
 The Legal and Regulatory Matters
 Management Capability
 The Technical and Operational processes

Institutional Assessment:


 The Organizational Structure of Veterinary Services of different
institutions in Sri Lanka including

- the design and approach of the Organization (its vision, mission,
objectives and Veterinary Services Approach etc.,)
- The Values of the Organization (equity, integrity, efficacy, efficiency,
transparency, the quality of Veterinary Service, participation of all
Interested Parties)
- The spatial (Geographical) and temporal coverage
- Organizational Chart detailing the levels of Management, Staffing
and functions of the Organization in relation to Veterinary Services)
- Its relation with Public and Private and other national and
international Organizations



 The Organizational Structure of Veterinary Services of
different institutions in Sri Lanka (Contd.)
- Coordination with the Private Sector and internal and external
participation e.g. Accreditation of Private Veterinary
Practitioners
- Subsystem for Planning, Budgeting, control, and internal and
external auditing
- Identification and description of the overall Characteristics of
Macro-process, and technical process within the Organization
- Establishment of Manuals detailing the functions of the
Veterinary Services of the Organizations




 Resources:
- Human Resources including
 Staffing according to the levels and units in the Organization
 Levels of Training and Instruction
 Training and Instruction Policies and Programmes
 Mechanism for recruitment, selection, hiring etc.

- Material Resources:
 Infrastructure, Vehicles, Laboratory Equipment, Field Equipment,
Communication, Computing & Information Technology, Education & Publicity
Materials, Other Material resources

- Financial Resources including
 The Budget, its adequacy, timing of the resources provided, the extent to which
the resources are used.
 The Ability to charge tariffs or fee for the services provided, the volume of
financial resources generated



 Legal and Regulatory Matters including –

- The legal and regulatory provisions which confer
authority on the organization and define its tasks;
- Analysis of and opinion on the application and
adequacy of such legal and regulatory provisions for
conducting the process of the organization;
- The authority and capability of the organization to
develop and apply norms in relation to Veterinary
Services



 Management Capability of the Organization:
- The existence of a Management System with concrete
goals and indicators, measurement system and
accountability.
- Complaint and Appeal System
- The extent to which the Veterinary Services interacts
with the Community, other national and Local
Veterinary Services and international bodies
- Analysis of and opinion on the existing operational
Capacity of the Organization



 Technical and Operational Processes:
- Measures to maintain Animal Health including the disease
surveillance, Quarantine System, Laboratories for diagnosis

- Measures to Improve Animal Health encompassing the
design and application of Specific Projects to control and
eradicate animal diseases and the basic Characteristics,
structure, coverage, operational Capacity and legal and
regulatory basis of such programmes;

- Measures to Protect Food and Animal Husbandry
encompassing programmes to ensure the safety and
security of Food of Animal origin intended for human
consumption.



 Technical and Operational Processes (Contd.)
- Measures to control and register consumables for
animal use including the programmes to control and
register biologicals, pharmaceutical products, and
feedstuff for Animal use.
- Support Measures that are crucial for the Veterinary
Services including education and publicity,
communication, information technology etc.


Methodology

 Analysis of existing Veterinary Legislations in Sri
Lanka:
- This Analysis will be based on the criteria laid down
in OIE Guidelines on Veterinary Legislation.


Methodology

 Attitudinal Survey amongst the Stakeholders island-
wide:
- Internal Stakeholders:
 Employees of the Various State Organizations

- External Stakeholders:
 Political Leaders, Community Leaders
 Private Veterinary Surgeons and Technicians
 Traders and Industrialists
 Farmers

Outcome of the
Research:

 A Draft Legislation for Veterinary Services in Sri
Lanka for consideration by the Competent
Authorities for adoption and implementation

 A Proposed Organizational Structure for Veterinary
Services in Sri Lanka.


Progress on the research up-to now.


 Literature Review:

- 40 Literatures have been reviewed

- 35 Legislations in Sri Lanka relating to Veterinary Services
have been analyzed

- 92 Legislations of various other countries such as USA,
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, South Africa,
Tongu, Jamaica, UK., India, Malaysia, Philippines etc.
relating to Veterinary Services have been Studied.


Progress on the research upto now.


 Documents Developed:

- A Book titled “ Legal Powers and Authorities of
Government Veterinary Surgeon in Sri Lanka” has
been developed.

- A Manual titled “Manual on Veterinary
Jurisprudence and Forensic Veterinary Medicine for
Government Veterinary Surgeons in Sri Lanka” has
been developed.

Progress on the research upto now.


 Assessments Done:

- An Assessment report titled “ Veterinary roles and Powers of the
Provincial Councils under the Constitution of Sri Lanka” has been
prepared

- An Assessment Report titled “Veterinary roles and responsibilities of a
Municipal Council under the Existing Legislations in Sri Lanka” has
been prepared.

 An Assessment Report titled “Veterinary roles and responsibilities of a
Urban Council under the Existing Legislations in Sri Lanka” has been
prepared.
 An Assessment Report titled “Veterinary roles and responsibilities of a
Pradeshiya Sabhas under the Existing Legislations in Sri Lanka” has
been prepared.

Works to be done


 Attitudinal Survey amongst the Stakeholders:

- Internal Stakeholders (Workers on the Veterinary
Services on their Job Satisfaction/dissatisfaction/ No
Satisfaction)

- External Stakeholders ( Politicians, Business
Community, Farmers, Consumers, Animal Lovers) on
their attitude towards the Veterinary Services in Sri
Lanka


Work to be done (Contd.)


 Completion of Course Works for the degree
prescribed by the Board of study in Agricultural
Extension of the Post Graduate Institute of
Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka


Additional Information:

 The First ever Global Conference on Veterinary
Legislation organized by the World Organization for
Animal Health (OIE) is to be held on the December,
2010 in Tunisia (Africa)



Thank you Very
Much

Teasdale corti project on veterinary public health2

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