Slideshare (lesson # 7)tauheed-course-(batch-january-2014)-tawassul-3-april-2014

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LESSON
“INTRODUCTIONTOSTUDYOF
TAUHEED–(AQA’ID)”
IntermediateLevel IslamiccourseinEnglishforAdults
conductedbyUstazZhulkefleeHjIsmail
Updated 3 April 2014
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WHAT IS “TAWASSUL“

FROM PREVIOUS LESSON
All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)

ALLAH’S WARNING REGARDING SOME PEOPLE CLAIMING TO BE MUSLIMS
FROM PREVIOUS LESSON

TO CONTINUE

The term “ “ pronounce ‘TAWAS-SUL’ – is from the word
’WASALA’ – “seek to gain access; to solicit; to implore; to turn
with a request; make use of a means” etc., from which we then get
the word:
- - “ WASA-IL (sing.) “WASII-LAH (pl.) - meaning :
“means, medium, way, position, status, etc.”

Generally we refer this term to the :
“ way, or means of attaining something, a cause to seek an effect,”
This can be applied to refer to physical laws too, as in physical laws of
causality, etc. but our concern here when speaking of TAWASSUL is in
spiritual or religious matters, the unseen (GHAYBIYYAH), as in making
Du’a, gaining blessings, safety, prosperity, longevity, etc.

Thus in the study of TAUHEED, by this term, we specifically mean :
“ making request, petition, supplication by way of, or by means
of, something being sought in matters of religious domain or
metaphysical realm”
And these kinds of WASILAH (sought in matters of religious domain
or metaphysical realm) cannot be truly known, except by (TAUQIF)
reliance and guidance of Allah’s revelation ( in Al-QUR’AN and As-
SUNNAH).

“O ye who believe! (Be conscious of and) do your duty to
Allah, seek the WASILAH (means of approach) unto Him, and
strive (with might and main) in His cause: that ye may
prosper.”
(Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5:35)
ALLAH (SWT) COMMANDS

Early Muslim scholars commented that the term WASILAH in this
verse means AL-QURBAH i.e. “seeking nearness” . Thus TAWASSUL
is defined:
“ seeking nearness to, or making request, petition, supplication to
Allah by way of, or by means of, something to ensure success of
what is being sought ”

IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE :
Some peoples’ understanding of TAWASSUL (generally translated)
as “ intermediaries” is ambiguous and inaccurate, and may lead to
a misunderstanding of Islamic concept of worship.
Note here that Allah SWT uses the term “WASILAH ” (ref:
Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 35).

The word for “intermediary” in Arabic which is
- WASITwAH “, although can also refer to “means or
medium”, but it has a different nuance to the term “ -
WASILAH.”

Whenever the English word “intermediary” is used, inadvertently it
evoke in one’s mind, a distinct separation between two things, which it
is linking or bridging – sort of a go-between.
But worship (‘IBAADAH) in Islam to Allah SWT is direct and does not
require any “intermediaries” as in some other religions.

This point must be clarified, because there are people who are quick
to assume as though we Muslims regard Allah to be ‘remote ; or
detached; cut-off; etc,’ – and that ‘intermediaries’ are therefore
needed, or are essential, as ‘go-between’. This is not a correct view!
They may have been hasty and have erroneously ‘assumed’ Islamic
theology to be like some other religions.

Islam rejects such notion.
We Muslims are already convinced and conscious of Allah’s
intimate presence, nearness and omnipotence.
“AND IF My servants ask thee (Muhammad)
about Me - behold, I am near”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 186)

And our daily worship requires us to have a direct communion :
“Worship Allah as though you see Him, if not, certainly He sees you.”
“NOW, VERILY, it is We who have created man, and We
know what his innermost self whispers within him: for
We are closer to him than his neck-vein.”
(Qur’an: Qaf: 50: 16)

It is in making our request to Allah – in Du’a, munajat, etc. that
the humility in ourselves, i.e. knowing how insignificant and
undeserving we are, that we are therefore taught to seek this
WASILAH - as “means of imploring, or to strengthen or support our
request or petition,” - lest we feel hopeless and despair as, in our
humility we would have deemed ourselves as being unworthy.
Thus, this verse regarding the use of WASILAH, indicate ways of
appealing to Allah for His abundant Grace, despite our flaws.

We therefore regard TAWASSUL as only amongst the ‘Adab’ (right
etiquette, approach) which Allah SWT have shown and taught
us, from His Compassion and Mercy.
All our pleadings ultimately is directed to Allah SWT , Who Alone is
the Divine, the One Who can fulfil all of our request and needs. For
nothing can occur without His Decree and permission.

REMEMBER ALWAYS THAT IN ISLAM
ALL OUR PLEADINGS, (DU’A) SUUPLICATION, ETC. ULTIMATELY IS
DIRECTED TO ALLAH, WHO ALONE IS THE DIVINE WITHOUT
PARTNERS, THE ONE WHO CAN FULFIL ALL OUR REQUESTS AND
NEEDS – AND NOT THE ‘WASILAH’ .

IMPORTANT VERSES TO REMEMBER :

“When My servants ask thee concerning Me, I am indeed
close (to them); I listen to the prayer of every suppliant when
he calls on Me; let them also with a will listen to My call and
believe in Me; that they may walk in the right way.”

And your Lord says: "Call on (supplicate to) Me; I will answer
your (Du’a -Prayer): But those who are too arrogant to serve
Me will surely find themselves in Hell in humiliation!"
(Qur’an: Ghafir: 40: 60)

BACK TO ALLAH’S (SWT) COMMAND
“O ye who believe! (IT-TAQULLAH -Be conscious of and) do your
duty to Allah, seek the WASILAH (means of approach) unto
Him, and strive (with might and main) in His cause: that ye may
prosper.”
(Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5:35)

From this verse (Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5:35) the first command to be
noted is Allah’s command towards TAQWA (“consciousness and fear
of transgressing Allah’s command”).
Then only comes the command “to seek a way or the means or
approach” – WASILAH – to Allah.

The significance of this is that:
[1] TAQWA already implies upholding of TAUHEED. Thus, as long as a
Muslim keep this in mind, his using of a ‘WASILAH’ is never to be
regarded as ‘SHIRK’.

REMEMBER THIS IMPORTANT DZIKR
LAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WAHDAHU –
LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU –
WALAHUL-HAMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAA
KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,
“There is no god (none has the right to be worshipped)
except Allah, alone, without partner, to Him belongs
all sovereignty and praise and He is All-Powerful over
all things .”

The next significance of this is that:
[2] In fact, TAWASSUL is a command, and should be regarded as part
of “cause and effect” amongst Allah’s ways. Therefore any
WASILAH are not to be regarded as being independent of
Allah, but can have possible effect only with Allah’s Will or
permission.

[3] Thus, if a person was to “seek a way or means” but thinking that
the WASILAH possesses independent power from Allah SWT, only
then can he be said to be guilty of ‘SHIRK’ ( sin of setting up a
partner or rival to Allah SWT).

[4] The difference of opinion regarding TAWASSUL amongst certain
Muslim scholars is on legal ‘validity’, i.e. regarding “what can be
accepted and what cannot be accepted as WASILAH” – according to
the basis of SHARI’AH (Islamic principles).

AGAIN REMEMBER THE IMPORTANT DZIKR
all things .”

WHAT ALL MUSLIM SCHOLARS HAVE AGREED UPON ( IJMA’ ) :
According to SHARI’AH, all scholars accept that there are 3 types of
WASILAH :
[1] TAWASSUL petitioning a Du’a (supplication) by using or invoking the
Most Beautiful Names of Allah (al-asma’-al-Husna).

“The most beautiful names belong to Allah: so call
(supplicate) on Him by (invoking) them”
(Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 180)
ONE OF THE BASIS (DALIL)

Whenever the Prophet s.a.a.w. Is faced with a difficult situation or
matter, he would supplicate (to Allah with this Du’a):
“YAA HAYYU (O the Ever Living), YAA QAYYUM (O the Ever
Existing), BI-RAHMATIKA (by Your Mercy) AS-TA-GHITH (I seek
help).”
(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi and Hakim)All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)

WASILAH :
[2] TAWASSUL petitioning a Du’a (supplication) by using or mentioning
one’s own righteous deeds which one had done sincerely for Allah.

"Our Lord! we believe in what thou hast revealed, and we follow
the Messenger; then write us down among those who bear
witness.”
(Qur’an: Aali ’Imran: 3: 53)

REFLECTION:
In this verse, which contains Allah’s teaching us a Du’a which begun -
firstly by our expressing the affirmation of our Faith (IIMAN) to Allah and
His Revelation following His Messenger s.a.a.w. – before making our
request.
It shows how our Faith (IIMAN) and our obedience (following Allah’s
Messenger) is to be used as a WASILAH , to reinforce the request.

ANOTHER BASIS (DALIL)
The next basis, is a Hadith in which it narrates the plight of 3 men
trapped in a cave. Each men then made Du’a by using their righteous
deeds (‘AMAL) as WASILAH to request that Allah release them.

One brought up his deeds of looking after his parents; another, his
avoidance of sinning although it would have been easy to
commit, and the third person, his honesty in returning what belongs
to others including additional wealth accrued from it.
All the three of them made TAWASSUL by explicitly mentioning the
following phrases:

NARRATION OF THE 3 MEN TRAPPED IN A CAVE – THEIR TAWASSUL :
(after mentioning his ‘amal, he said) :"O Allah! If what I have
done was truly for seeking to please You, then (by this deed I
ask You to) get us out of this (cave)” – then the cave was
opened and they could get out.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim)

WASILAH :
[3] TAWASSUL by seeking a living righteous person (SWOLIHEEN) to
make Du’a (supplication) or petitioning Allah through using his
status (entity – Dzat) of righteousness with Allah.

DU’A TAUGHT BY THE PROPHET S.A.A.W. TO A BLIND MAN
( Hadith reported by Tirmidzi from ‘Uthman bin Hunayf )

DU’A TAUGHT BY THE PROPHET S.A.A.W. TO A BLIND MAN
( Hadith reported by Tirmidzi from ‘Uthman bin Hunayf )
“O Allah! I ask You and turn to You through our Prophet
Muhammad s.a.a.w. the Prophet of Mercy:
O Muhammad! By you (or through you), I turn towards your
Lord , the Most Glorious Exalted, that He grants for me my
request. O Allah! Grant him the intercession for me.”

CONSIDER THIS QUR’ANIC VERSE

“We sent not an Messenger but to be obeyed, in accordance
with the Will of Allah. If they had only, when they were
unjust to themselves come unto thee (Muhammad) and
asked Allah's forgiveness and the Messenger had asked
forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah indeed
Oft-Returning, Most Merciful.”
(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 64)
CONSIDER THIS QUR’ANIC VERSE

WHAT IF THE OBJECTION IS THAT “THE PROPHET S.A.A.W. IS DEAD” ?
“Think not of those who are killed in the Way of
Allah as dead. Nay, they are alive, with their
Lord, and they have provision.”
(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 169)

WHAT IF THE OBJECTION IS THAT “THE PROPHET S.A.A.W. IS DEAD” ?
“Verily Allah, Most Exalted, has angels who are commanded to
roam and observe the people on earth. They will convey to me all
the ‘salams ’ from people of my community.”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, An-Nasa-i, and Ad-Darimiy)

DIFFERENCE OF OPINION ( KHILAFIYAH ):
Difference of opinion (ikhtilaf) amongst Muslim scholars regarding
WASILAH are:
[A] TAWASSUL by seeking the Du’a (supplication) of a righteous person
(SWOLIHEEN), even after the person has died.

Difference of opinion (ikhtilaf) amongst Muslim scholars regarding
WASILAH are:
[B] TAWASSUL by making the petitioning with a Du’a
(supplication), through mentioning the status (entity – Dzat) of a
righteous person (SWOLIHEEN) with Allah, after he has died.
DIFFERENCE OF OPINION ( KHILAFIYAH ):

SOURCE & BASIS USED BY MOST SCHOLARS:
USING STATUS OR THE ‘RIGHT’ OF THE PROPHET
MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. (BI-HAQQIHI).
There is a Hadith from our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. in reference to
the Qur’anic verse (Baqarah: 37) which narrates how Prophet Adam
a.s. sought forgiveness from Allah. Adam a.s. made this Du’a :
YAA – ROB-BI, AS-A-LUKA – BI-HAQ-QI
MUHAM-MADIN – LI-MAA –GHA-FAR-TA-LI

HADITH OF PROPHET ADAM’S DU’A - ON THE AUTHORITY OF ‘UMAR R.A.:
"When Adam committed his mistake he said: O my Lord, I am
asking you to forgive me for the sake of Muhammad. Allah said:
O Adam, and how do you know about Muhammad whom I have
not yet created?
Adam replied, O my Lord, after You created me with your hand
and breathed into me of Your Spirit, I raised my head and saw
written on the heights of the Throne:
LAA- ILAHA -ILLALLAH –MUHAMMADUN -RASU-LULLAH
(There is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah)
…. ( cont’d )

“.... I understood that You would not place next to Your Name but
the Most Beloved One of Your creation.”
Allah said: “O Adam, I have forgiven you, and were it not for
Muhammad I would not have created you.“
( Reported by al-Hakim in ‘Mustadrak )

COMMENT:
This hadith is declared sound (sahih) by al-Hakim in ‘al-Mustadrak’
(2:651), although he acknowledges ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn
Aslam’, one of its sub-narrators, as weak.
Al-Subki confirms al-Hakim's authentication; Qadi `Iyad includes this
among the "sound and famous narrations" in al-Shifa, and he says that
Abu Muhammad al-Makki and Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi mention it.

COMMENT:
Ibn al-Jawzi also considers it sound (sahih) as he cites it in the first
chapter of ‘al-Wafa bi ahwal al-mustafa.’
As-Suyuti cites this in his Qur'anic commentary ‘al-Durr al-manthur.’
Ibn Kathir mentions it; al-Haythami ; al-Bayhaqi; Abu Nu`aym all
mentions and accepted this hadith despite knowing ‘Abd al-Rahman
ibn Zayd ibn Aslam’ to be weak.
Only Ibn Taymiyah, Dhahabi and al-Asqalani rejected this Hadith.

IMPORTANT DZIKR
all things .”

SOURCE & BASIS USED BY MOST SCHOLARS:
HADITH OF ‘UTHMAN IBN HUNAYF REGARDING A MAN IN NEED
CALLING UPON THE DEAD TO MAKE DU’A
FOR THE LIVING
Tabarani, in his "al-Mu'jam al saghir", reports a hadith from
'Uthman ibn Hunayf that a man repeatedly visited ‘Uthman ibn
Affan (Allah be pleased with him) concerning something he
needed, but ‘Uthman paid no attention to him or his need...

... The man met Ibn Hunayf and complained to him about the
matter - this being after the death (wisal) of the Prophet (Allah
bless him and give him peace) and after the caliphates of Abu
Bakr and Umar r.a. - so Uthman ibn Hunayf, who was one of the
Companions who collected Ahadith and was learned in the
religion , said to him:

"Go to the place of ablution and perform ablution (wudu’), then
come to the mosque, perform two rak'as of prayer therein, and say:

"Go to the place of ablution and perform ablution (wudu’), then
come to the mosque, perform two rak'as of prayer therein, and say:
“O Allah! I ask You and turn to You through our Prophet
Muhammad s.a.a.w. the Prophet of Mercy:
O Muhammad! By you (or through you), I turn towards your
Lord , the Most Glorious Exalted, that He grants for me my
request. O Allah! Grant him the intercession for me.”

A DU’A CONTAINING TAWASSUL AS NARRATED BY IBN ‘ABID DUNYA
In the book “Mujab al-Du’a (Fulfilment of Supplications)” Ibn ‘Abid
Dunya narrates incident that occurred : Abu Hashim reported that
Katsir ibn Muhammad ibnu Katsir ibn Rifa’ah who said: A man
came to Abdul Malik ibn Sa’id ibn Abjar. On seeing the man Abdul
Malik detect in him a chronic disease, whereby he taught the man a
Du’a.
Al-Hamdulillah! Allah granted a cure through this Du’a.

(Ref: Qa-idah Jalilah) Ibn Taimiyyah also agree that this Du’a
(and of similar manner) has been narrated and practiced by
the Muslim scholars of the Salafus-soliheen generations :

“Allah, Allah, Allah, is my Robb (i.e. God, Lord, Sustainer)
, I do not ascribe anything as partner to Him.
O Allah! I am turning to You by (means of) Your prophet
Muhammad the Prophet of Mercy.
O Muhammad! Verily, by you (i.e. as my WASILAH) I am
turning to your Robb (Lord) and (Who is also) my Robb
(Lord) , that He be Merciful towards (me and relief me of)
whatever afflicts me.”

REGARDING SOME CONTOVERSIES:
“Is it not to Allah that sincere devotion is due? But those who
take for protectors other than Allah (say): "We only serve
(worship) them in order that they may bring us nearer to
Allah.”
(Qur’an: Zumar: 39: 3)

Some Muslims, in their eagerness to reject certain TAWASSUL
practiced by other Muslims deemed by them to be SHIRK, would
invoke this verse - which in fact are directed specifically to those
who are MUSHRIKEEN as it clearly qualified with the phrase
“those who take for protectors other than Allah” as well as the
phrase NA’BUDUHUM-“we serve or worship them”

Some unashamedly teach that this verse is also directed upon those
Muslims whom they disagree with (accusing them of being similarly
as SHIRK for making TAWASSUL on other things which they equate
like the MA’BUDAT of the KUFFAR). Whereas the issue not the
same, and are still regarded as matters of KHILAFIYAH amongst
Muslims.
Also this is an abuse and twisted TAFSIR ; a misrepresentation of the
actual meaning in the message of al-Qur’an; maliciously imputed to
justify act of TAKFIR (accusation of unbelief) upon fellow believers.

Also, we must remember that early Muslim Scholars amongst the
first generation understood the term AL-WASILAH as in Allah’s
command for Muslims to seek the TAWASSUL (Qur’an: Maa-idah:
5:35) , to be synonymous to “AL-QURBAH” (meaning “to seek
nearness” to Him).

Now, this clearly distinguish the meaning clearly that it (Qur’an:
Zumar: 39: 3) is referring only to the MUSHRIKEEN – whose
MA’BUD is other than Allah - for to include the Muslims would be
contradicting Allah’s command upon us to seek WASILAH, because
the TAWASSUL is indeed a “means to seek nearness to Allah.”
And unlike the MUSHRIKEEN, Muslims know that our WASILAH is
not our MA’BUD .

"And the places of worship are for Allah (alone): so invoke not
(i.e. do not make Du’a; not to worship) anyone along with Allah;”
(Qur’an: Jinn: 72: 18)

This is another verse sometimes quoted, whereby they interpret it
literally the word “ “ to meaning “ you call ” and therefore
they opined that, no other names can be mentioned or invoked ,or
be called out to, in the mosque, except that of Allah.
Whereas the DU’A here in this phrase “ “ means “worship”
not merely “call or invoke” but rather, acknowledging others as
MA’BUD whereas, Muslims always assert that none other is to be
worshipped except Allah.

Every Muslim knows that DU’A (supplication) is to be directed to Allah
and our understanding of the oft-repeated verses is the same:
“Thee (alone O Allah) do we worship,
and Thine aid we seek.”
(Qur’an: al-Fatehah: 1: 5)

Furthermore, Muslims know that DU’A (supplication) is the essence of
our worship and servitude to Allah and are aware of what our Prophet
said:
“DU’A (supplication) is the marrow
of our ‘IBAADAH (worship)”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary)

Furthermore, Muslims know that DU’A (supplication) is the essence of
our worship and servitude to Allah and are aware of what our Prophet
said:
“AD-DU’A (Supplication) is (itself)
HUWAL-‘IBADAH (worship, servitude).”
(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)

“And when there came to them (the Jews), a Book (this Quran)
from Allah confirming what is with them [the Taurat (Torah)
and the Injeel (Gospel)], although aforetime they had invoked
Allah (for coming of Muhammad Peace be upon him) in order to
gain victory over those who disbelieved, then when there came
to them that which they had recognised, they disbelieved in it.
So let the Curse of Allah be on the disbelievers.”

Ibnu Abbas r.a. narrated that the Jewish tribe of Khaybar used to make
this Du’a when the fought with neighbouring Arab tribe of Ghatafan:
“Verily we ask You (Allah) by the right (BI-HAQQI) of the Unlettered Prophet
promised to us (as prophesized in our scriptures) whom You will send at the
(AAKHIR-ZAMAN) end of time – that (by this as TAWASSUL) You (Allah) help us
against them (our enemies).”
“Tafsir Al-Qurtubiy”

“O ye who believe! when ye go abroad in the
cause of Allah, investigate carefully, and say not
to anyone who offers you a salutation (salaam):
"Thou art none of a Believer!" Coveting the
perishable goods of this life: with Allah are profits
and spoils abundant.”
(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 94)

“O ye who believe! if a wicked person comes to you with any
news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and
afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done.)”
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 6)

“And obey Allah and His Messenger; and fall into no
disputes, lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and
be patient and persevering: for Allah is with those who
patiently persevere.”
(Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 46)

“And pursue not that of which thou hast no knowledge;
for every act of hearing, or of seeing or of (feeling in) will
be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).”
(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 36)

TO BE CONTINUED -

DU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMAD
ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU-DZU-BIKA - MIN
AN - USH-RI-KA – BI-KA – SHAY-AN – WA –ANA –
A’-LAMU, WA –AS-TAGH-FIRU-KA –
MI-NADZ—DZAM - BIL– LADZII - LAA – A’-LAM
“O Allah! I seek refuge with You from committing SHIRK i.e. associating
others with You, knowingly, and I seek Your forgiveness from the
committing of the sins (of SHIRK) which I do not know.”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la)

IMPORTANT DU’A
ALLAA-HUM-MA – ARI-NAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QAN
WAR- ZUQ-NAT - TI-BAA- ’A
WA-ARI-NAL – BAA-TWILA – BAA-TWI-LAAN
WAR-ZUQ-NAJ – TI –NAA - BAH
“O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true
and grant us ability to follow it.
And make us see Falsehood to be false and
grant us the ability to reject it.”

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
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