This paper proposes a model for city-scale EV infrastructures. Recent advances both in EV battery technology and alternative battery ownership formulations have created favorable conditions for houses where EVs are used not only for commuting but also as one of the main power supplies. Power supplied by EVs is a natural complement for solar panels, where the former is the only choice at night when solar panels cannot function by definition. The proposed model is based on a system of practical considerations with the main objective to build simulations as close to reality as possible. The model is applicable to a wide range of simulations including EV infrastructures, distributed power microgrids, smart cities, etc.

2. .
What is it about?
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 2/19
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3. .
What is it about?
• it is not about autodrive and fast charge
03 "Estonia Launches ... Fast-Charging Network" ... a really long URL ... search the web (2013)M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 3/19
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4. .
What is it about?
• ... but it is about vehicle2home and battery
replacement
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 4/19
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5. .
What it is about: Taxonomy
• LEASE: leasing (not buying) a
battery -- a battery ownership model
• V2H: vehicle to home, powering your
home from your EV
• FAST: the recharge/refill is
fast
• SIMPLE: recharge/refill is
simple and can be done on commodity
hardware
• HABIT: ho major change in
people's habits is required -- same as
gas station?
V2H
FAST
SIMPLE
FAST
SIMPLE
Charging
LEASE
Replacement
Fast
charging
HABIT
V2H
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 5/19
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5/19

6. .
What it is about: Contributions
1. maps of real roads
2. a throughput model for battery replacement station
3. a user model for commute and V2H use
4. the concept of social utility
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 6/19
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7. .
The Scope
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 7/19
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8. .
The Scope: the Full Model
• assumes that battery replacement is the default mode
• scale: a city, specifically Tokyo in this study
◦ Note: real road graph (GIS/.shp) but working on Google Maps as well 14
14 myself "Google Maps 2 Road Graphs Project" https://github.com/maratishe/maps2graphs (2013)
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 8/19
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8/19

9. .
The Scope: One Household
• ignore solar panel for now
• battery stations can be near home or near work
• model: live in suburbs, work in city
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 9/19
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9/19

10. .
Models and Social Utility
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 10/19
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10/19

11. .
Decision during Commute
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 11/19
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11/19

12. .
Decision for V2H Use
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 12/19
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12/19

13. .
Travel Time Distribution
• traditional model 07
• applied to a
population of
users/EVs
• used to decide where
to place user's house
in the map
07 J.Smart+1 "Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behavior...." SAE Report (2012)
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 13/19
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13/19

14. .
Social Utility
.
EVU...
..
.... is the uitlity of owning an EV
EVU =
commutes in EV
total commutes
(1)
• failed replacement = two lost
commutes -- you leave the car and
have to go back for it
• weekdays only
.
V2HU...
..
.
.. is the utlity of using your EV to power
your home
V2HU =
hours used at home
all night hours
(2)
• during the day (when EV is away), you
can use a solar panel or traditional
power plant
• useless if EV is home but has no charge
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 14/19
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14/19

15. .
Simulations and Results
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 15/19
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15/19

16. .
Simulation Setup
• EV: 150km on full charge, 24kW
• station: 24 EVs per hour, capacity parameter to control
throughput
• city: find the center of the graph and set the city/suburbs border as a
fraction of that
• between 2k and 20k EVs in the city
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 16/19
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16/19

17. .
Results: Social Utility
• EVU is much smoother
and has better
response to increasing
number of stations
• in V2HU, there is a small
group of users who are
not doing well -- abrupt tail
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 17/19
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17/19

18. .
Results: Isolating Components
• method: change
only one
parameter
and see the effect
◦ parameter is always
changed towards a
higher (better) value
• look for: ratio of
black spots and their
position
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 18/19
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18/19

19. .
That’s all, thank you ...
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 19/19
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19/19

20. .
[01] (2013)
Nissan ... Leaf-to-Home
http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/TECHNOLOGY/OVERVIEW/leaf_to_home.html
[02] (2013)
Better Place
http://www.betterplace.com
[03] (2013)
Estonia Launches ... Fast-Charging Network
... a really long URL ... search the web
[04] M.O'Keefe+5 (2010)
Battery Ownership Model: A Tool for ...Economics of ... EV Infrastructure
the 25th International Battery ... Symp.
[05] G.Haines+2 (2009)
The Simulation of V2H Systems ...
EVER, Monaco
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 19/19
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21. .
[06] H.Yudai+1 (2009)
A Safety Stock Problem in Battery Switch Stations...
ISORA, China
[07] J.Smart+1 (2012)
Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behavior....
SAE Report
[08] K.Hayakawa (2012)
Smart Solabo -- a First Smart House for an EV in Japan
NOST Report
[09] K.Young+2 (2013)
Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies
Chapter 2 in Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks, Springer
Book
[10] (2012)
Advanced EV Battery Technology: Incentives for Applications...
WISE Report, Oregon State
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 19/19
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19/19

22. .
[11] (2012)
Cost and Performance of EV Batteries
Cambridge Report
[12] Y.Honda+1 (2008)
A Mathematical Model on the Optimal Number of Hydrogen Stations...
OR Journal, Japan
[13] S.Gusein-Zade (1993)
Alternative Explanations ... Density of Centers ... Population
Journal of Regional Science
[14] myself (2013)
Google Maps 2 Road Graphs Project
https://github.com/maratishe/maps2graphs
M.Zhanikeev (Kyutech) -- maratishe@gmail.com -- ... EV Use in ... V2H and Battery Replacement.... -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131017 19/19
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19/19