This document discusses aquaculture and shrimp farming. It begins by defining aquaculture and outlining its history. It then examines the environmental impacts of shrimp farming, including mangrove deforestation and pollution from shrimp farm effluents. Several proposed solutions to mitigate these impacts are presented, such as integrated shrimp-mangrove systems and recirculating closed systems. The document also addresses the social impacts of shrimp diseases and unequal trade relations. It questions who benefits most from aquaculture development and how fish can be distributed to improve access for poor communities. In the conclusion, the author wishes the reader a happy Festivus.

1. Aquaculture/Shrimp Farming
Its meaning, Impact on Surrounding Ecosystems,
Pitfalls and Models
Ariel Zajdband
MIIS
December 3 2012

2. aquaculture

3. Tomb of Thebaine (Egypt)
Costa-Pierce 2006

4. World capture fisheries and aquaculture production
FAO 2012

5. Distribution of aquaculture production
World Fish Center 2011

6. Shrimp aquaculture production

7. Shrimp imports

8. Conventional shrimp farm

9. Global mangrove distribution
Siikamäki et al. 2012

10. Global mangrove distribution
Kuenzer et al. 2011

11. Mangrove deforestation in Ayeyarwady Delta, Burma
Giri et al. 2008

12. Causes of mangrove deforestation by country
Giri et al. 2008

13. Sundarbans, India and Bangladesh

14. Pichavaram, India

15. Pichavaram, India

16. Bahia de Jiquilisco, El Salvador

17. Bahia de Jiquilisco, El Salvador

18. environmental
impacts

19. Carbon footprint per kg of protein
Nijdam et al. 2012

20. ‘Fishmeal trap’
Tacon & Metian 2008

21. ‘Fishmeal trap’
Tacon & Metian 2008

22. ‘Fishmeal trap’

25. Ecosystem services
Adapted from MEA (2005)

26. Total economic value of mangrove ecosystem
Barbier (1991)

27. Long-term C sequestration
Mcleod et al 2011

28. Non-linear effects of mangrove cover
Barbier et al 2008

29. Protection against coastal disasters
Das and Vincent 2009

30. Shrimp farm effluents
Molnar et al. 2012

31. Shrimp farm effluents
Molnar et al. 2012

32. Sediment deposition around mangrove trees
Primavera et al 2011

33. Sediment deposition around mangrove trees
Primavera et al 2011

34. Bird numbers by season in four types of habitats
Zou et al 2006

35. Antibiotic concentrations in aquatic ecosystems
Thuy et al 2011

36. social impacts

37. Coping strategies for shrimp diseases
Mills et al 2011

38. Net emergy flows and trade between shrimp farmers in
the Sri Lankan coastal zone and the global North
Bergquist 2008

39. Bergquist 2008

40. proposed
solutions (?)

41. Shrimp+red tilapia polyculture
Yuan et al 2010

42. Shrimp+red tilapia polyculture
Yuan et al 2010

43. closed recirculating systems
Klinger & Naylor 2012

44. Integrated shrimp-mangrove systems
Gebhardt et al. 2012

45. Land use cover Ca Mau, Vietnam (2000-2010)
Gebhardt et al. 2012

46. Land use cover Ca Mau, Vietnam (2010)
Gebhardt et al. 2012

47. Macrobrachium amazonicum (native species)

48. Macrobrachium amazonicum (native species)

49. food sovereignty
(a new paradigm)

50. food sovereignty
(principles)
1. Focuses on Food for People
2. Values Food Providers
3. Localizes Food Systems
4. Puts Control Locally
5. Builds Knowledge and Skills.
6. Works with Nature

51. Misiones, Argentina

58. In which kind of farm is aquaculture being
introduced?
Cluster 2. Forestry-livestock-based farms
+
WEALTH
Cluster 1. Perennial crops-based farms
- Cluster 3. Tobacco-based farms

59. Production by farm cluster (n=45)
500
450
Production (kg)
400
350
300 Cluster 1
250
Cluster 2
200
150 Cluster 3
100
50
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Area (m2)

60. How is aquaculture contributing to income generation and
fish supply for rural markets/self-consumption?
Destination of fish production (kg) x cluster
cluster 3
self-consumption (kg)
cluster 2
gift (kg)
sold (kg)
cluster 1
0 50 100 150 200
Significative differences
self-consumption (kg) gift (kg) sold (kg)
mean sd mean sd mean sd
cluster 1 93,10 17,43 11,19 8,05 67,62 76,35
cluster 2 77,00 15,85 22,00 10,85 82,50 104,86
cluster 3 72,14 16,84 8,57 7,70 31,61 106,85

61. How is aquaculture contributing to income generation and
fish supply for rural markets/self-consumption?
Destination of fish production (kg) x # ponds
3
self-consumption (kg)
2
gift (kg)
sold (kg)
1
0 100 200 300 400 500
Significative differences
n harvested
ponds self-consumption (kg) gift (kg) sold (kg) farms ponds
mean SD mean SD Mean SD
1 84,87 19,12 12,10 8,67 37,24 47,04 38 38
2 73 19,23 9 7,42 208 24,90 5 10
3 72,5 17,68 35 14,14 337,5 53,03 2 6

62. Some questions and challenges…
Who is benefiting the most from aquaculture
development?
Aquaculture development programs: segmented
or not?
How can we distribute fish so it can be accessed
by the poor?

63. QUESTIONS?
anwers?

64. Thank you
and
HAPPY FESTIVUS!
Ariel Zajdband
ariel.zajdband@gmail.com