This document discusses the structural and functional features of computer information systems. It describes how information systems have evolved from early human practices of writing, reading, and memorizing information to today's computer-based infrastructures. The key components of an information system are identified as hardware, software, infrastructure, personnel, and procedures. Different information architectures like centralized, decentralized, client-server, and enterprise-wide architectures are explained. The evolution of computer information systems from early scientific and military applications to today's internet-based systems is outlined. The document concludes that information systems now rely on computers to perform their functions and that continued development is needed in both information science and computer technology to make systems more efficient and functional.

1. STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL
FEATURES OF CIS
By
zaid da’ood
Supervisor prof. İlky salihoglu

2. WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM ?
A combination of hardware,
software, infrastructure and
trained personnel organized
to facilitate planning, control,
coordination, and decision making in an organization.

3. FIRST INFORMATION SYSTEM
IN HUMAN’S HISTORY
• We are all having this system
already and human starting go
forward to technology.
• writing ,reading, computing, and
memorizing all information result of
these processes.
• then human reaching to computer and
use it to do most of the processes that
information system need.

4. COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Information systems are computer-based infrastructures ,
organizations, personnel, and components that collect,
process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on
information. Information systems generally provide
computer-based assistance to people engaging their
environment.

5. INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Everything that supports information processing except information
itself:
computer hardware
general-purpose software

networks and communication
facilities.

6. INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
database
information management
personnel
and, procedures

7. INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
 isa general scheme of
the Information
requirements
in the organization
(including information
flows)

8. CENTRALIZED INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
 Input transactions do not
need to be processed
in real time.
 On-line-data-entry personal
can be centrally located.
 Large number of periodic
outputs are produced by the system.

9. CENTRALIZED INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
 Single-computer architecture
 Mainframe environment;
 PC environment
 Multi-computer architecture
 Group of similar computers
 Group of different computers
implementing different tasks.

10. DECENTRALIZED (DISTRIBUTED) INFORMATION
ARCHITECTURE
 PC in a LAN or WAN
 Client/Server
 Client/Server in a LAN
 Enterprise wide computing
 Client/Server evolution
into Internet-based architecture

11. CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Several computers share resources and are
able to communicate with each other
 A client - a computer attached to the
network, which is used to request and
access shared network resources
 A server - a machine that is
attached to the same network and
provides clients with these services
 Purpose : optimize the use of computer
resources

12. ENTERPRISE WIDE ARCHITECTURES
 It is broadly used to describe business initiatives
and technology; for example,
an "enterprise-wide focus
upon customer satisfaction
," or an "enterprise-wide
security application.
" These are more often
company-wide ,restricted to a
company's employees and internal workings.

13. ENTERPRISE WIDE ARCHITECTURES
Access to data, applications, services, and real-
time flows of data in
Different LANs or databases
Use client/server architecture
to create a cohesive, flexible,
and powerful computing
environment

14. ENTERPRISE WIDE ARCHITECTURES
 Provide total integration of departmental and
corporate IS resources
 Increase the availability of information and
thereby maximize the
value of information.

15. THE EVOLUTION
Computer Based Information Systems
1940 Scientific, military applications
1950 Routine business applications, TPS
1960 MIS, office automation
1970 DSS, LANs
Client/server executive information system,
1980 PC’s, AI, Groupware
Integration, intelligent systems
1990 the Web, intranets, extranets, ERP software
2000 Internet, Electronic commerce, Smart systems

16. CONCLUSIONS:
 All information systems nowadays can not work without computers in each
of its functions therefore is necessary developing information science and
deal with it and managing it and develop the structural, efficiency and
functionality of a computer for using in information systems in addition to
the development of how to deal with the information and data input, output
and efficiency to deal with them through user and dealing with it through the
development of the computer internally ,and reduce errors to make
computer systems more efficient in the constructional and functional
features.

17. References:
1-Computer-Aided Analysis and Design of Information Systems J.F. Nunamaker Jr. and Benn R. Konsynski
Jr.University of Arizona Thomas Ho and Carl Singer Purdue University.
2-Computer and Information Systems Policy of The Baptist College of Florida.
3-The Protection of Information in Computer Systems JEROME H. SALTZER, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE, AND
MICHAEL D. SCHROEDER, MEMBER, IEEE.
4-UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS: AN OVERVIEW FOR RECORDS AND ARCHIVES STAFF MANAGING PUBLIC
SECTOR RECORDS
A STUDY PROGRAMME General Editor, Michael Roper; Managing Editor, Laura Millar .
5- A Functional Taxonomy of Computer Based Information Systems Gregory Mentzas Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Published in: "International
Journal of Information Management" (Volume 14, No. 6, December, pp. 397-410.) .

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