2. Task
• Think of as many different responses your
body has during exercise!
• 5 minutes and list them NEATLY!
• Write the heading Responses to Exercise
3. The Heart and Cardiovascular
System
• The Heart is a 4 chamber organ.
Two Atria and Two Ventricles.
• HEART RATE – The number of
times your heart beats in a minute.
• STROKE VOLUME – The amount
of blood pumped by the heart in
one beat.
• CARDIAC OUTPUT – The
amount of blood that leaves the left
Ventricle in one minute.
• To Calculate :
Cardiac Output = Stroke Vol x Heart
Rate
4. Blood Vessels
There are 3 main types of blood vessels that
carry blood around the body
• Arteries (Oxygenated blood)
• Capillaries
• Veins (Deoxygenated blood)
Arteries are the largest blood vessel in the
body, then Veins and the smallest are
capillaries
6. The Movement of Blood Around the Body
To work effectively the Heart and Lungs need to work together smoothly
Blood with a poor Oxygen is
oxygen supply is transferred into the
pumped to the blood at the lungs
lungs and travels to the
heart
Once the oxygen The heart pumps
has been delivered blood around the
to the body and body delivering
waste products oxygen to the
have been working muscles
collected the blood
returns to the heart
8. Recap From Last Lesson
• What is-
• Heart Rate
• Stroke Volume
• Cardiac Output
• The Heart
• What are the 3 main blood vessels. List them
according to size (largest first)
• Describe the movement of blood around the body
9. How can we measure Heat Rate?
Take your Pulse at…..
• The Carotid Artery (Where is this?)
• The Radial Artery (Where is this?)
As the Heart beats the Artery walls expand, then contract and
this is called a PULSE.
• Why do we never feel for a pulse using a thumb?
• What is your Resting Heart Rate now?
• Average HR is around 72bpm (60-80bpm). Top athletes?
• What factors may effect Heart Rate?
10. How Blood is Pumped Around
the Body
1. The arterioles branch into tiny tubes called capillaries. The thin walls allow
food and oxygen to pass out to body cells, and carbon dioxide and other
waste to pass in. (This happens in the muscle)
2. The artery walls are made of muscle and elastic tissue. They stretch when
blood is pumped in, then contract, squirting it along.
3. From the venules it flows into a vein, which carries it back to the heart.
4. The heart pumps blood at high pressure into the arteries.
5. The artery branches into smaller tubes called arterioles.
6. Next the blood flows into larger tubes called venules. It has given up its
oxygen. It is deoxygenated.
11. How Blood is Pumped Around
the Body
4) The heart pumps blood at high pressure into the arteries.
2) The artery walls are made of muscle and elastic tissue. They stretch
when blood is pumped in, then contract, squirting it along.
5) The artery branches into smaller tubes called arterioles.
1) The arterioles branch into tiny tubes called capillaries. The thin walls
allow food and oxygen to pass out to body cells, and carbon dioxide
and other waste to pass in. (This happens in the muscle)
6) Next the blood flows into larger tubes called venules. It has given up
its oxygen. It is deoxygenated.
3) From the venules it flows into a vein, which carries it back to the heart.
12. What Changes Occur In The Body
During Exercise?
• There is more Carbon Dioxide in the blood due to
increased cellular respiration.
• The lungs work harder to remove it and replace it
with Oxygen.
• The Brain tells the Heart to beat faster so HR
increases.
• Cardiac Output rises as more blood is pumped to
the muscles.
These are all short term effects of exercise/activity
13. Other Changes you will
experience….
• Blood is shunted to where it
is needed. (Vascular Shunt).
Blood is diverted to the
working muscle as a priority
and is limited to other areas
of the body like the stomach
.
• Exercise generates Heat so
the blood heats up. The body
moves more blood near to
the skin to cool it down. As
a result your skin reddens.
• You sweat which helps to
cool you down by
evaporation.
• Again these are short term
effects
14. The Long Term Effects of Exercise on
the Circulatory system
• The Heart is a Cardiac Muscle, when we regularly exercise or train muscles
they grow and become stronger. This means:
1. The amount of blood pumped from the heart in one beat will increase
(Stroke volume)
2. The total amount of blood pumped in one minute will increase (Cardiac
output)
3. Resting heart rate will lower as the heart will pump the blood as required in
fewer beats.
• The more blood that can be pumped the more oxygen it can carry to the
muscles that require it.
Larger stronger Heart
Small Heart
Regular
exercise
15. CARDIAC
(HEART) CIRCULATORY
RESPONSE IMPROVEMENTS
LONG TERM
EFFECTS OF RESPIRATORY
RECOVERY
TRAINING RESPONSE
RESPONSE
EFFECT ON TENDONS,
LIGAMENTS AND
BONES
16. Long Term Effects cont’d
• The number of red blood cells increase to
cope with the demands of carrying extra
oxygen. (Altitude training).
• The capillary networks in muscles start to
grow more and more branches and are
therefore able to transport more blood.
(Capilliarisation)
17. AFTER AEROBIC TRAINING
CIRCULATORY IMPROVEMENTS
INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME (RBC) – increased levels
of haemoglobin. Increased oxygen carrying capacity of the
blood
Improved REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD to active
muscles.
INCREASED CAPILLARY NETWORK surrounding the
muscles, therefore more blood is transported to the muscles.
ARTERIAL WALLS become MORE ELASTIC – allowed
greater flow of blood to the working muscles.
18. THE CARDIAC (HEART) RESPONSE
HEART becomes and .
in resting heart rate.
Increased thickness and strength of the
VENTRICULAR WALL causes an increase in the STROKE
VOLUME and a lowering of the resting pulse rate.
Larger stroke volume also means that there is an increase in
maximal OUTPUT.
After exercise, the Heart Rate returns back to its normal
resting levels faster than it did before training (IMPROVED
19. THE CARDIAC (HEART) RESPONSE
HEART becomes LARGER and STRONGER.
DECREASE in resting heart rate.
Increased thickness and strength of the LEFT
VENTRICULAR WALL causes an increase in the STROKE
VOLUME and a lowering of the resting pulse rate.
Larger stroke volume also means that there is an increase in
maximal CARDIAC OUTPUT.
After exercise, the Heart Rate returns back to its normal
resting levels faster than it did before training (IMPROVED
RECOVERY).
20. RESPIRATORY RESPONSE
More ALVEOLI in the lungs can be utilised – greater
surface area for gaseous exchange.
Greater CAPILLARISATION of the alveoli – oxygen
transfer further enhanced.
THE EFFECT ON TENDONS / LIGAMENTS / CARTILAGE
The TENDONS, BONES and LIGAMENTS get stronger to
cope with the increased load.
CARTILAGE may increase to cope with the increased
impact.
21. RECOVERY RESPONSE
This is a combination of the improvements witnessed in the
HEART and LUNGS.
The effect of this improvement is to allow more OXYGEN
to become available for RECOVERY more rapidly at the end
of exercise.
Coupled with the improved transportation of oxygen is the
improved transport of CARBON DIOXIDE from the working
muscles to the lungs.
Therefore improving the process of LACTATE
REMOVAL.
