laws regarding international waters

1. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Laws for the International Waters

2. UNCLOS Convention Big meeting 1973-1982

3. What does UNCLOS do? Defines: Rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans Guidelines for business the environment and the management of marine natural resources

4. This is a little different The UN helps support UNCLOS Don’t directly implement Don’t enforce

5. Who does? International Maritime Organization International Whaling Commission The International Sea Bed Authority Created by the UN

6. Freedom of the Seas’ Before UNCLOS in 1985 17th century National rights 3 nautical miles 1.15 miles

7. What about the rest of the ocean? Outside of the 3 nautical miles Free to all nations Belonging to no one

8. Early 20th Century 1900’s Many nations wanted to extend the line Mineral resources Protect fish supplies Water pollution

9. 1945 Truman Continental Shelf

10. 1946 - 1950 Argentina Peru Chile Ecuador 200 nautical miles Other countries extend 12 nm

11. By 1967 Only 25 nations used the 3 nm guideline

12. 2008 Only 2 countries use 3nm Jordan Palau

13. So what does UNCLOS say? Sets the base line-----low water mark

14. Internal Waters Anything on the landside of the baseline Nation is free to set laws Use any resource Foreign vessels may not enter wo permission

15. Territorial Waters Baseline 12 nm is still territory Set laws Regulate use Use any resource Vessels can pass— “innocent passage”

16. Contiguous Zone 24 nm outside the baseline State can enforce laws Pollution Taxation Customs immigration

17. Exclusive Economic Zones 200 nm outside of the baseline Sole exploitation rights over all natural resources Settle fishing disputes Oil drilling rights Foreign nations can freely Navigate Fly over Lay submarine pipes & cables