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Reservoir Characterization
of the Mancos and the Lewis Shale Gas Plays :
            Review and Comparison




            GLGY 703 – Readings in Geology
           Supervisor : Dr. Per Kent Pederson


                           By :
                   Yulini Arediningsih


                     April 28, 2011
                  University of Calgary
Outline

            Background
             Objectives
Geology and Reservoir Characteristics
           Comparison
            Conclusion
Objectives

 To review reservoir characterization
particularly the Mancos shale and the Lewis
Shale within the Rocky Mountain Region.

 To provide a summary of key reservoir
features of the Mancos Shale gas reservoirs
Background

 The Lewis and Mancos Shales are significant
contributor in gas production of most Rocky Mountain
basins.
 The Lewis Shale gas play is among the main shale
gas producers in the lower 48 states.
 The Mancos Shale is the second largest shale gas
producers in the Rocky Mountain Region
 Well defined characteristics on the Lewis Shale.
 In contrast, geological, geochemical and other
reservoir parameters of the Mancos Shale are still not
well defined.
(EIA, 2010 http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/rpd/shale_gas.pdf
Retrieved 8/3/2011)
Stratigraphic section showing Upper Cretaceous rocks including the Lewis Shale in the
                      San Juan Basin (New Mexico and Colorado)




                                                  (Fassett, 2009)
From Curtis, 2002
Major structural features within the Uinta Basin




                                       (Osmond et al, 1968)
Stratigraphic section showing the four members of the Mancos Shale in Utah




                                                                      (Ryer, 1984).
Stratigraphic from GR log of the Mancos Shale
     members over the Douglas Creek Arch




(Cole et al, 1997).
The Members of the Mancos
               Shale
  Members /
                      Prairie Canyon             Juana Lopez       Lower Blue Gate                     Tropic - Tununk
  Properties

                                                                Dense, non-fissile, dark     Consists of dark gray calcareous
                Both are made up by detached mudstone and
                                                                gray claystone with          mudstone with interbeds of silt to
                siltstone succession that are both embedded
Lithology                                                       scattered, light gray silt   very fine sand laminae containing
                within the Mancos Shale in northeast Utah.
                                                                laminae and bivalve          silt–filled burrows and marker
                High in quartz content.
                                                                fragments.                   bentonite beds.

Thickness       1200 ft                      < 100ft            2000ft                       500-825ft
Porosity %      2.8 – 11.6                   2-5                No data                      No data
Permeability    0.001 – 0.427 md             No data            No data                      No data

                                                                0.65 (Estimated from
Ro %            0.65 – 1.5                   No data                                         No data
                                                                overlying rock unit)

                                                                More than 2.0 that might prove to be 'sweet spots' for shale
TOC wt%         1-2                          3
                                                                gas
                Potential for natural fracturing due to high
Natural
                quartz content in their siltstone – sandstone   Potential for natural and induced fracturing
fracturing
                units
Comparison
 Similarities :
 Depositional environments
 Compared to other Paleozoic prolific shale gas deposits,
both contain much lower organic matter and much siltier
lithology
 Both Lewis and Mancos have four members
 Commingled gas production from other sandstone units.

 Differences :
 Lithology
 Thickness
 Bentonite Huerfanito Bed in the Lewis
 Porosity
Parameters                     Lewis                             Mancos

                                                     Various lithology as interbedded
Rock lithology     Sandy siltstone                   mudstone, siltstone, and very
                                                     fine-grained sandstone

                                                     Four members : The Prairie
                   Four members : the Ute, the
                                                     Canyon, the Juana Lopez, the
Members            Navajo City and the First and
                                                     Lower Blue Gate and the Tropic-
                   Second of the Otero
                                                     Tununk

Thickness (feet)   1000-1500                         Reaching 4000


                   2-8
Porosity %                                           2-5


Permeability       effective gas = 0.1 - 0.00001
                                                     Na
(md)               Average = 0.0001

                   0.45 to 1.59 with an average of   1 – 2, type II to mixed type II-III
TOC wt%
                   1.0                               kerogen.

Maturity (Ro)      1.66 – 1.88                       0.65 - 1.5
                   Always commingle with
                                                     Always commingle with Dakota
Production         Mesaverde and or Dakota
                                                     and or Castle Gate sandstones
                   sandstones
Conclusion
 The Mancos Shale is a thick series of fine grained rocks, consisting
of interbedded claystone, siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone,
deposited in clastic shoreline to offshore marine environments during
the Late Cretaceous.
 The most potential interval for development of the Mancos Shale
gas reservoir is the upper part of 3000-3500 ft thick, which largely
represents the Prairie Canyon Member.
 Distribution of Ro values suggests mature areas for oil and gas
throughout the Mancos interval. The Upper Mancos Shale is typically
mature for oil and thermogenic gas whereas the lower part is mature
to over mature for oil in most of the basin.
 Amount of humic (terrigenous) fraction of organic matter contained
in the Mancos Shale is controlled by location of deposition of the
lithologic sequences with respect to the vegetated shorelines of the
Sevier belt.
 Natural fractures are present and identified in the Mancos Shale
Some of the References
Cole, R.D., R.G. Young, and G.C. Willis, 1997, The Prairie Canyon Member, a new unit of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos
          Shale, west-central Colorado and east-central Utah: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 97-4, 23 p.
Curtis, J.B., 2002, Fractured shale-gas systems, AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, no. 11 (November 2002), pp. 1921–1938
Dube, H.G. , Christiansen, G.E., Frantz, J.H., Fairchild, N.R., Olszewski, A.J., Sawyer, W.K., and Williamson, J.R., 2000,
          The Lewis Shale, San Juan Basin: What We Know Now : SPE 63091, prepared for presentation at the 2000 SPE
          Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, 1–4 October 2000
EIA, 2010, Map of shale gas plays, Lower 48 States, updated June 2010. Online:
          http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/rpd/shale_gas.pdf (Retrieved on 2011-04-12)
Fassett, J.E., 2000, Chapter Q: Geology and Coal Resources of the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin,
          New Mexico and Colorado in Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New
          Mexico, and Utah, M.A. Kirschbaum, L.N.R. Roberts, and L.R.H. Biewick (editors), Professional Paper 1625–B* U.S.
          Geological Survey.
Fisher, D.J., Erdmann, C.E., and Reeside, J.B., Jr., 1960, Cretaceous and Tertiary Formations of the Book Cliffs, Carbon,
          Emery, and Grand Counties, Utah, and Garfield and Mesa Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional
          Paper 332, 80 p.
Osmond, J.C.,1968, Natural gas in Uinta Basin, Utah, in Natural gases of North America - pt. 1, Natural gases in rocks of
          Cenozoic age: Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 9, v. 1, p. 174-198.
Ryer, T. A., 1984, Transgressive-regressive cycles and the occurrence of coal in some Upper Cretaceous strata of Utah,
          U.S.A., in R. A. Rahmani, and R. M. Flores, ds., Sedimentology of Coal and Coal-bearing Sequences. International
          ssociation of Sedimentologists Special Publication 77, Oxford, UK, Blackwell cientific, p. 217-227.
Schamel, S., 2005, Shale Gas Reservoirs of Utah: Survey of an Unexploited Potential Energy Resource, an Open file, A
          report for the Utah Geological Survey State. Online http://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/open_file_reports/OFR-
          461.pdf (Retrieved on 2011-04-21)
Schamel, S., 2006, Shale gas reservoirs of Utah: assessment of previously underdeveloped gas discoveries: Utah Geological
          Survey OFR 499.
Willis, G.C., 2000, Utah's Sevier Thrust System, Survey Notes article, v. 32 no. 1 January 2000, Online
          http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/geo/thrustfault.htm#system , retrieved April 26, 2011.
Thank you
Mancos lewis
Modified from Willis (2000)
http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/geo/thrustfault.htm#system
Mancos lewis

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Mancos lewis

  • 1. Reservoir Characterization of the Mancos and the Lewis Shale Gas Plays : Review and Comparison GLGY 703 – Readings in Geology Supervisor : Dr. Per Kent Pederson By : Yulini Arediningsih April 28, 2011 University of Calgary
  • 2. Outline Background Objectives Geology and Reservoir Characteristics Comparison Conclusion
  • 3. Objectives  To review reservoir characterization particularly the Mancos shale and the Lewis Shale within the Rocky Mountain Region.  To provide a summary of key reservoir features of the Mancos Shale gas reservoirs
  • 4. Background  The Lewis and Mancos Shales are significant contributor in gas production of most Rocky Mountain basins.  The Lewis Shale gas play is among the main shale gas producers in the lower 48 states.  The Mancos Shale is the second largest shale gas producers in the Rocky Mountain Region  Well defined characteristics on the Lewis Shale.  In contrast, geological, geochemical and other reservoir parameters of the Mancos Shale are still not well defined.
  • 6. Stratigraphic section showing Upper Cretaceous rocks including the Lewis Shale in the San Juan Basin (New Mexico and Colorado) (Fassett, 2009)
  • 8. Major structural features within the Uinta Basin (Osmond et al, 1968)
  • 9. Stratigraphic section showing the four members of the Mancos Shale in Utah (Ryer, 1984).
  • 10. Stratigraphic from GR log of the Mancos Shale members over the Douglas Creek Arch (Cole et al, 1997).
  • 11. The Members of the Mancos Shale Members / Prairie Canyon Juana Lopez Lower Blue Gate Tropic - Tununk Properties Dense, non-fissile, dark Consists of dark gray calcareous Both are made up by detached mudstone and gray claystone with mudstone with interbeds of silt to siltstone succession that are both embedded Lithology scattered, light gray silt very fine sand laminae containing within the Mancos Shale in northeast Utah. laminae and bivalve silt–filled burrows and marker High in quartz content. fragments. bentonite beds. Thickness 1200 ft < 100ft 2000ft 500-825ft Porosity % 2.8 – 11.6 2-5 No data No data Permeability 0.001 – 0.427 md No data No data No data 0.65 (Estimated from Ro % 0.65 – 1.5 No data No data overlying rock unit) More than 2.0 that might prove to be 'sweet spots' for shale TOC wt% 1-2 3 gas Potential for natural fracturing due to high Natural quartz content in their siltstone – sandstone Potential for natural and induced fracturing fracturing units
  • 12. Comparison  Similarities :  Depositional environments  Compared to other Paleozoic prolific shale gas deposits, both contain much lower organic matter and much siltier lithology  Both Lewis and Mancos have four members  Commingled gas production from other sandstone units.  Differences :  Lithology  Thickness  Bentonite Huerfanito Bed in the Lewis  Porosity
  • 13. Parameters Lewis Mancos Various lithology as interbedded Rock lithology Sandy siltstone mudstone, siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone Four members : The Prairie Four members : the Ute, the Canyon, the Juana Lopez, the Members Navajo City and the First and Lower Blue Gate and the Tropic- Second of the Otero Tununk Thickness (feet) 1000-1500 Reaching 4000 2-8 Porosity % 2-5 Permeability effective gas = 0.1 - 0.00001 Na (md) Average = 0.0001 0.45 to 1.59 with an average of 1 – 2, type II to mixed type II-III TOC wt% 1.0 kerogen. Maturity (Ro) 1.66 – 1.88 0.65 - 1.5 Always commingle with Always commingle with Dakota Production Mesaverde and or Dakota and or Castle Gate sandstones sandstones
  • 14. Conclusion  The Mancos Shale is a thick series of fine grained rocks, consisting of interbedded claystone, siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone, deposited in clastic shoreline to offshore marine environments during the Late Cretaceous.  The most potential interval for development of the Mancos Shale gas reservoir is the upper part of 3000-3500 ft thick, which largely represents the Prairie Canyon Member.  Distribution of Ro values suggests mature areas for oil and gas throughout the Mancos interval. The Upper Mancos Shale is typically mature for oil and thermogenic gas whereas the lower part is mature to over mature for oil in most of the basin.  Amount of humic (terrigenous) fraction of organic matter contained in the Mancos Shale is controlled by location of deposition of the lithologic sequences with respect to the vegetated shorelines of the Sevier belt.  Natural fractures are present and identified in the Mancos Shale
  • 15. Some of the References Cole, R.D., R.G. Young, and G.C. Willis, 1997, The Prairie Canyon Member, a new unit of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale, west-central Colorado and east-central Utah: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 97-4, 23 p. Curtis, J.B., 2002, Fractured shale-gas systems, AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, no. 11 (November 2002), pp. 1921–1938 Dube, H.G. , Christiansen, G.E., Frantz, J.H., Fairchild, N.R., Olszewski, A.J., Sawyer, W.K., and Williamson, J.R., 2000, The Lewis Shale, San Juan Basin: What We Know Now : SPE 63091, prepared for presentation at the 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, 1–4 October 2000 EIA, 2010, Map of shale gas plays, Lower 48 States, updated June 2010. Online: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/rpd/shale_gas.pdf (Retrieved on 2011-04-12) Fassett, J.E., 2000, Chapter Q: Geology and Coal Resources of the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado in Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, M.A. Kirschbaum, L.N.R. Roberts, and L.R.H. Biewick (editors), Professional Paper 1625–B* U.S. Geological Survey. Fisher, D.J., Erdmann, C.E., and Reeside, J.B., Jr., 1960, Cretaceous and Tertiary Formations of the Book Cliffs, Carbon, Emery, and Grand Counties, Utah, and Garfield and Mesa Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 332, 80 p. Osmond, J.C.,1968, Natural gas in Uinta Basin, Utah, in Natural gases of North America - pt. 1, Natural gases in rocks of Cenozoic age: Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 9, v. 1, p. 174-198. Ryer, T. A., 1984, Transgressive-regressive cycles and the occurrence of coal in some Upper Cretaceous strata of Utah, U.S.A., in R. A. Rahmani, and R. M. Flores, ds., Sedimentology of Coal and Coal-bearing Sequences. International ssociation of Sedimentologists Special Publication 77, Oxford, UK, Blackwell cientific, p. 217-227. Schamel, S., 2005, Shale Gas Reservoirs of Utah: Survey of an Unexploited Potential Energy Resource, an Open file, A report for the Utah Geological Survey State. Online http://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/open_file_reports/OFR- 461.pdf (Retrieved on 2011-04-21) Schamel, S., 2006, Shale gas reservoirs of Utah: assessment of previously underdeveloped gas discoveries: Utah Geological Survey OFR 499. Willis, G.C., 2000, Utah's Sevier Thrust System, Survey Notes article, v. 32 no. 1 January 2000, Online http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/geo/thrustfault.htm#system , retrieved April 26, 2011.
  • 18. Modified from Willis (2000) http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/geo/thrustfault.htm#system