3. Nouns: there are many kinds of nouns such as:-
Countable Nouns
= singular+plural
Uncountabe Nouns
Common Nouns school, girl, cat
Proper Nouns Bangkok,Monday, The
Thame
Collective nouns
8. Possessive Form Reflexive
PronounAdjective Pronoun
I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs themselves
10. V.To be=
V.To have=
V.To do=
Will, shall, would,
should, can, could, may, might, need, want, dare,
ought to, must
........................................
11. Finite Verb
Stand, walk, sit, sleep, eat, drink, make, build, create,
speak, tell, say, ask, think, feel, play, run, smile, buy,
sell, cry, fly, give, go, get, take,
Non-Finite verb 3
Infinitive with to=to work,to run
Gerund with ing=walking,sleeping
participle with
ing&V.3=eating,coming/eaten,come,spoken,cleaned
12. Verb to be
Is, am, are, = present simple
Was, were, = past tense
Be, been, = participle perfect tense
13. Verb to have
Have, has = present simple
had, = past tense
Have been, has been, had been, = participle
perfect tense
14. Verb to do
Do, does, = present simple
did, = past tense
Done , be done, been done, have done, has done ,
had done = participle perfect tense
15. Transitive verbs= like , see, play, eat, drink,give,buy,bring,
write, speak,read, hit,see,look at,open,close,wash
Intransitive
verbs=go,come,run,sleep,sit,stand,fly,light,dance,regret,rel
apse,stay,stifle
Subjective complement
Get,feel,look,seem,taste,turn,stay,grow,become,prove,appear
,v.to be,v. To have
16. adverbs
Adverb adjective adverb
Adverbs of Degree
Adverb verb
Adverbs of Time
3. Adverbs of Manner
4. Adverbs of Place
5. Conjunctive Adverbs
Interrogative Adverbs
7. Relative Adverbs
8. Viewpoint and Commenting Adverbs
9. Adverbs phrases and clauses of purpose
10. Adverbs of Certainty
17. absolutely certainly definitely, probably entirely obviously very
almost nearly quite just too enough hardly
completely very extremely exactly scarcely so much
quite perhaps probably rather fairly only slightly
1. Adverbs of Degree
adjective
2. adverb
18. The water was extremely cold.
adjective - cold)
I am too tired to go out tonight.
adjective - tired)
Please do not speak too fast.
adverb - fast )
He hardly noticed what she was saying.
main verb - noticed )
She had almost finished her breakfast when I came
in.
- had main verb - finished
19. Adverbs of Time adverb
(when ) ( for how long
( how often )
• Adverbs of time
•Adverb ( When )
I 'm going to tidy my room tomorrow
You have to get back before dark
Everyone arrived early
It is time to leave now
20. •When : today, yesterday, later,now, last year, after,soon,
before, sometime ( immediately,
recently,early
•For how long : all day, not long, for a while, since last
year,temporarily,briefly, from......to, till, until (
Adverbs of Duration )
•How often : sometimes ( frequently,
never, often, always, monthly (
Adverbs of Frequency )
21. actively any how
aggressively loudly
carefully distinctly
easily equally
fast gladly
greedily intentionally
quickly promptly
simply quietly
still sincerely
together suddenly
wisely well
Adverbs of Manner adverb
( How ) adverb -ly
22. Adverbs of Manner
•
They walk slowly
slowly walk )
Her eyes shine brightly
We waited patiently for the show to begin.
•
I can speak Japanese well (
Japanese speak )
She sings the song beautifully ( song
sing )
23. . Adverb of Place adverb (
Where )
• Adverb of Place ( main
verb ) ( object )
The students are walking home
)
You 'll find these flowers everywhere
-
flowers )
The books are here
- are )
Cat doesn't usually walk backwards
- walk )
towards preposition nouns
pronouns Adverb of Place
He walked towards the car. ( car noun )
24. upstairs downstairs outside inside outdoors indoors here there
somewhere nowhere everywhere anywhere elsewhere home southwards Backwards
25. accordingly also
anyway
besides certainly consequently
further furthermore hence however incidentally indeed
meanwhile moreover namely
nevertheles
s
next nonetheless
similarly still then thereafter therefore thus
finally likewise otherwise finally instead now
undoubtedly so again in fact for example on the contrary
Conjunctive Adverbs
(independent clause )
26. Interrogative Adverbs
why, where, how, when
Why are you so late?
Where is my passport?
How much is that coat?
When does the train arrive?
how
( in what way)?':
How do you start the car?
adjectives:
How tall are you?
much many:
How much are these tomatoes?
How many people are coming to the party?
adverbs
How quickly can you read this?
How often do you go to London?
27. Relative Adverbs relative clause
when, where, why preposition + which
I remember the day when we first met .
( when = preposition on + which )
That's the restaurant where we had dinner last night.
( where=
preposition at/in + which)
The reason why he refused is unconvincing.
( why= preposition for
+ which )
28. 8. Viewpoint and Commenting Adverbs
honestly seriously confidentially personally surprisingly
ideally economically officially obviously
clearly Honestly, I think he is a liar.
Personally, I'd rather go by train.
You obviously enjoined your meal.
29. 9. Adverbs phrases and clauses of purpose
Why"
I went to the store yesterday to buy some sugar.
I will go to the library tomorrow to return the book.
I need to buy a new shirt because my old one is
worn out.
comma
Because it was such a beautiful day, I decided to
30. 10. Adverbs of Certainty
certainly,definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely
He definitely left the house this morning
He has certainly forgotten the meeting
He will probably remember tomorrow
Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great
politician.
undoubtedly conjunctive adverbs
Adverb of Certainty
32. Adjective
Descriptive Adjective
young, rich, new, god, black, clever, happy
2.Possessive Adjective my, your, his, her,
their, our, its
3.Quantitativt Adjective some,
half, little, enough
4.Numeral Adjective
- one , two, first, many
5. Demonstrative Adjective this, that,
these, those
6. Interrogative Adjective which, whose,
what
- Which way shall we go ?
- Whose dictionary is this ?
7. Proper Adjective
33. Positions of Adjective)
1. adjective
Peter wears a black suit.
* Tom is a good guy.
2. Verb to be Linking Verbs
The traffic is terrible at 5 o’clock on Friday.
* He felt tired.
34.
Linking Verb
subject adjective
taste , smell , turn , keep , feel , appear , grow , get ,
become , go , look , seem , sound
The soup tastes good.
* The rose smells sweet.
* Uncle’s hair turns grey.
36. adjective)
She is very cute.
adv. adj.
3. adverbs)
That dog runs very quickly.
adv. adv.
37. adverb
He worked carefully in the
office every day last year.
M) (P) (F)
(T)
2. My son sometimes went to
school by bike last month.
(F) (P) (M)
(T)
M = Maner
P = Place
F = Frequency
T = Time
42. 4. Phrase Preposition =
according to because of
by means of by reason
by way of for the sake of
43. Phrase Preposition -
in accordance with in addition to
in (on) behalf of in case of
in connection with in compliance
with
in consequence of in course of
in favor of in fornt
of
44.
at first at last
at times at present
at once at the same time
all day long so far
in time on time
from time to time
45.
get up get on
look at look for
look after listen to
turn on turn off
think of talk to
take care of wait for
48.
And
He is tall and handsome
And also
Jim is tired and also hungry
And…too …
Ladda was beautiful and wise too
As well as
Dang as well as Somsak are the leaders
49. And…also …
I am tired and sleepy also
Both…and …
Suriya likes to eat both rice and bread
Not only…but also …
Jane can speak not only English but also Japanese.
50.
But
Aran likes football but his wife likes tennis.
Yet
He never worked hard yet he gained all prize.
While
You like Pepsi while I like coke
51. Still
The pain was bad, still she didn’t complain.
Whereas
I like Pepsi, whereas the others hate it.
Nevertheless
Suda had no income; nevertheless she went on
working.
52.
Or
Or else
Either…or …
Neither…. Nor …
Or
Would you like tea or coffee?
Or else
The man must breathe, or else he will die.
53. Either… or
You can take either this book or that one.
Neither….nor
I like neither Ladda nor Lalita.
54.
So
For
Therefore
Accordingly
So
You look tired so you should stop working
55. For
She is very sad, for she has no money
Therefore
He had a toothache, therefore he didn’t go to work.
Accordingly
I was sick, accordingly I didn’t go to school.
57.
After
She slept after you have left her home.
Before
Poke finished homework before you saw him.
58.
Because
He had a stroke because he didn’t relax.
Since
She was sick since she has worked too hard.
Though
I won’t love her though she is beautiful.
59.
That
He works hard that she would love him.
So that
I tried hard so that I will past the exam.
In order that
She came here in order that she might see me.
62. 1 Articles 2
1.1 “a” “an” Indefinite Articles
2. Indefinite Articles
indefinite article
a horse
an elephant
a car
an airplane
the Pacific
the air
63. a, an, the
a, an
a uniform ( an uniform)
a one-eyed man ( an one eyed man)
one
64.
1. a
a shoe
a European
a car
a useful tool
a cow a ewe
a university
a union
65. 2. “an”
(
“ ” an accident an hour
an egg
an honour
an orange
an honest man
an interesting book
an heir
an S. an M.A.
66. 3. Articles 3
1. “the”
A church is
usually cool
2. articles
the book, a book book
3. a an
She is a doctor ( she is doctor)
4. articles
67. 4.1 indefinite articles (a/an)
1) “ ” “any”
He has a brother
2) a, an
He drove the car at 100 miles an hour
This Thai silk costs two hundred baht a yard
3) dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion
I bought a dozen book
A hundred cows were in the field
4)
She is a doctor
She is an official in the bank
She is a Buddhist
68.
a/an
The made him Prime Minister
Kanittha was Professor of Development
Education
a/an rank
title)
My friend gained the rank of Coronel
5). a, an
69. 6) a, an noun in
apposition)
Sunthhornphoo is Thai poet
Daotho, a small village in Chiangmai
7). a/an What
What a beaufiful girl she is !
What an ugly man he is !
70. what
a/an
What + S+V
“What lovely flowers they are!
8) a/an
It’s a pity that she can’t come
He wants to keep this a secret
as a rule: to be in a hurry
to be in a good/bad temper
to tell a lie: all of a sudden
It’s a shame to do that : to take an interest in
to take a pride in: to take a dislike to
to make a fool of oneself : to be in a position to
to have a mind to
to have a chance : to have an opportunity to
at a discount/premium : on an average
a short time ago
71. a/an
To have a headache/ a pain/ a cold/ a cough
to have
toothache/earache/rheumatism/influenza
9)
such a : quite a: many a : rather a
Many a letter has passed my desk since last year
Mana is quite a good boy
He is rather a bad temper man
It’s such a nice day!
72. 4.2 Definite article (the)
the
1) the
that clause
This is the book that I bought for you
2) the
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west
The world : the equator : the universe
3)
The Queen May : The Comet
73. 6. The Thairath, The Bangkok Post
7. The Smiths
8. the a/an
9. the the battle of Tungchang, the map of
Bangkok
10. the Queen Elizabeth the Second
11. the common noun (
common noun the planet Mar. the poet Sunthornpoo
the
Tawee, the bankder, Suda, the Personal Manager
12. the Union, United Repulbic, Kingdom
The United Kingdom, the Netherlands
common noun the +
The Sahara ( desert)
13 the Preeya plays the piano.
Kalong plays the ranard
14 the This is the oldest person
15 the the rich,
the poor, the brave
16 the 2
The harder you work, the more you will be paid
The more he gets, the more he wants
74. 4.3 Article
1. Life is very hard
for some people
2. material Butter
is made from cream
3. Books are my
best friends
4. Come to dinner/
breakfast/ lunch/ tea
5. I walked in Hyde Park, Do you know the
Regent Street?
6. Lake) Cape) mount)
of the lake of Lucene, the Cape
of good hope
75. 7. King
George, Doctor Amnuay
8. She speaks French
9.
10. article Man Woman
11 article go to school to stay
at home. To be out of doors. The men work by day
but not by night. He is indebt/ in trouble. At any
break/sunset He did the work for love, not for
money
78. Present Tense
[1.1] S + Verb 1 + ……(
[1.2] S + is, am, are + Verb 1 ing + …(
S + has, have + Verb 3 + ….(
S + has, have + been + Verb 1 ing + …(
79. Past Tense
[2.1] S + Verb 2 + …..(
[2.2] S + was, were + Verb 1 +ing…(
S + had + verb 3 + …(
S + had + been + verb 1 ing + …(
80. Future Tense
[3.1] S + will, shall + verb 1 +….(
[3.2] S + will, shall + be + Verb 1 ing + ….(
S + will,s hall + have + Verb 3 +…(
S + will,shall + have + been + verb 1
ing +.. ..( -
84. Some = used with Affirmative sentence only
Ex.I need some body love me, He likes some fruit.
Ex. I have some sugar. She has some bags.
Any = used with Interrogative and Negative
sentences
Ex. Any body here? Do you have any books?
Ex. I don’t have any friends.
85. used with uncountabe nouns only
Much =
Ex.I have much sugar.
Little =
Ex. She has a little sugar.
86. Many =
Ex.I buy many cars from the City.
A few =
Ex.we have a few toys.
