The document discusses what makes a building "smart" from an architectural point of view. It states that a smart building is a sustainable building that senses its environment, reacts efficiently and interacts with people. It discusses the various stakeholders' perspectives on smart buildings and how choices in building systems ensure buildings continue meeting changing needs.

1. Smart Buildings From an Architectural Point of View By: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub

2. Introduction

5. Activity Describe and Draw a “Smart Building”!

10. Smart Car - light & compact - low-drag design - fuel efficient - low emission - 95% recyclable - efficient accessories - friendly factory ? Smart & Green Building - energy efficient - use renewable energy - green building materials - low environmental impact - responsive to climate/site - responsive to user needs - healthy environment

18. Building Environmental Impact

24. Sustainable Architecture The real power of the concept of sustainability lies in its integration of economic , social , and ecological systems, previously studied and dealt with separately. Center for Sustainable Communities, Tutorials, 1995.

25. Sustainable Architecture Environmental Cultural Economic Social Architecture is unique in that it spans all dimensions of sustainability. This, in itself, presents its own challenges and opportunities.

26. Building Type Focus: Housing Sustainability

27. Environmental Sustainability

29. Water efficiency A Smart House saves on water which also saves you money in the long term. You can achieve water efficiency by choosing water saving showers and taps and considering using water tanks for watering the garden and flushing the toilet. Environmental

30. Waste efficiency A Smart House is waste efficient. Careful design and planning can save materials being wasted during initial construction. It may also reduce the need for expensive modifications as needs change. Environmental

31. Energy efficiency A Smart House reduces energy consumption meaning more economic savings for you and your family. Passive solar design features such as house orientation, ventilation, insulation and adequate shading can improve energy efficiency. In many cases, it is possible to keep inside the home cool in summer and warm in winter without resorting to artificial heating and cooling devices. Environmental

32. Social Sustainability

35. Safety + security + universal design = social sustainability Safety A safe home reduces the likelihood of injuries in and around the home. More information about making your home safer is available. Social

36. Safety + security + universal design = social sustainability Security A secure home uses designs and fittings to reduce crime. More information about making your home secure is available. Social

37. Safety + security + universal design = social sustainability Universal design A home that is universally designed is flexible and comfortable for people with varying abilities and at different stages of their lives. More information about making your home more comfortable and flexible is available. Social

38. Economic Sustainability

40. Construction costs In a Smart House, you can achieve cost savings at the initial design and construction stage through the use of cost-efficient building materials, economic planning and 'smart' ideas. Economic

41. Ongoing running costs Ongoing costs can really add up over the life of the home. Significant savings are to be gained by carefully considering the design of the home and which fixtures and fittings to include. Economic

42. Living costs Smart design features can save you money on a variety of everyday expenses such as cleaning, replacements and repairs as a result of accidents and breakages. The use of durable, low maintenance building materials such as coloured rendering will reduce ongoing expenses. Economic

43. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS A tool that can be used to evaluate the long-term economic merits of alternative design solutions.

44. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

45. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

48. BIG decisions are faced early in design.. (build, renovate, build later, not-to-build … ) LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

49. During Design stage , Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) usually focuses on SYSTEMS and ELEMENTS that will require varying costs for energy, equipment replacement, or continuing labor. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

50. Sometimes it makes sense to pay more now to save much more later. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

51. Activity Sustainability Evaluation Form

52. Activity Sustainability Evaluation Form Public Neighborhoods in Kuwait

53. Activity Sustainability Evaluation Form Public Neighborhoods in Kuwait

54. Activity Sustainability Evaluation Form Public Neighborhoods in Kuwait

55. LEED Rating System

57. LEED Rating System

60. LEED ® Point System 2 credits / 5 points Innovation & Design Process 8 credits / 15 points Indoor Environmental Quality 7 credits / 13 points Materials & Resources 6 credits / 17 points Energy & Atmosphere 3 credits / 5 points Water Efficiency 8 credits / 14 points Sustainable Sites Credits/Points Performance Category

61. LEED ® Rating Levels 26 – 32 points LEED ® Certified 33 – 38 points LEED ® Silver 39 – 51 points LEED ® Gold 52+ points LEED ® Platinum 69 points Total Possible Points Required Points LEED Designation

62. Applications for LEED ®

65. Sustainability Indicators

67. LEED Rating System - Example

73. Traditional Solutions

74. Traditional Solutions

75. Traditional Solutions

76. Traditional Solutions

77. Traditional Solutions

78. Traditional Solutions

79. Wind catchers

80. Wind catchers

81. Hot humid zone Making the outer skin porous and light.

82. Traditional Solutions

83. Shading Devices

84. Shading Devices

85. Shading Devices

87. Renewable Energy Sources

88. Renewable Energy Sources Solar Energy Basics Sunlight—solar energy—can be used to generate electricity, provide hot water, and to heat, cool, and light buildings. Photovoltaic (solar cell) systems convert sunlight directly into electricity. A solar or PV cell consists of semi conducting material that absorbs the sunlight. The solar energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity There are three main ways that we use the Sun's energy:- Solar Cells Solar water heating Solar Furnaces

89. Renewable Energy Sources Solar water heating , where heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on your roof. Water is pumped through pipes in the panel. The pipes are painted black, so they get hot when the Sun shines on them.

90. Renewable Energy Sources Wind Energy Wind turbines capture the wind's energy with two or three propeller-like blades, which are mounted on a rotor, to generate electricity. The turbines sit high atop towers, taking advantage of the stronger and less turbulent wind at 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground. A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force of the lift is actually much stronger than the wind's force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity.

91. Renewable Energy Sources Tidal power Tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. A barrage (dam) is typically used to convert tidal energy into electricity

92. Renewable Energy Sources Waves Ocean waves are caused by the wind as it blows across the sea. Waves are a powerful source of energy. The problem is that it's not easy to harness this energy and convert it into electricity in large amounts. Thus, wave power stations are rare.

93. Renewable Energy Sources Bio energy Biomass (organic matter) can be used to provide heat, make fuels, and generate electricity. This is called bio energy. Wood, the largest source of bio energy, has been used to provide heat for thousands of years. But there are many other types of biomass—such as wood, plants, residue from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes—that can now be used as an energy source.

94. Renewable Energy Sources Hydro power Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydropower . Hydropower is currently the largest source of renewable power, generating nearly 10% of the electricity used in the United States. The most common type of hydropower plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator to produce electricity. But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large dam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine.

95. Renewable Energy Sources Geothermal Geothermal energy technologies use the heat of the earth for direct-use applications, geothermal heat pumps, and electrical power production. Research in all areas of geothermal development is helping to lower costs and expand its use. Advantages -Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, -The power stations do not take up much room-No fuel is needed -Once you've built a geothermal power station, the energy is almost free Disadvantages -The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. -Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam", perhaps for decades - Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of

96. Examples

103. Pugh + Scarpa Architects Solar Umbrella House The photovolatic panels on the top and side are used as an expressive and transformative part of the design. These panels provide 95% of the house’s electricity and provide shading for indoor and outdoor spaces.

104. Mahlum Architects Benjamin Franklin Elementary School This school was designed to connect students directly with the environment in which they live.

105. Ballard Library & Neighborhood Service Center Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Architects Green roof covers most of the site.

106. Croxton Collaborative Architects & Cecil Baker Associates Philadelphia Forensic Science Center Adaptive re-use with a difficult orientation.

107. Tate Snyder Kimsey Architects Regional Animal Campus Towers increase natural ventilation supplemented by evaporative cooling.

108. Lake Flato Architects World Birding Center Tough, durable materials are assembled into a simple, elegant structure. Concrete frames supporting the barrel roof allowed reduction of material use

109. Jackson & McElhaney Architects Westcave Preserve Careful consideration of sun path as it interacts with the building.

110. Buildings of the 21st Century

131. Activities

132. Activities Economy Environment Human Socio-Cultural Neighborhood Street House

133. Activity Smart House

134. Activity Smart House

135. Activity Smart Street

136. Activity Smart Street

137. Activity Smart Neighborhood

138. Activity Smart Neighborhood

139. End