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Reasoning on the Semantic Web Reasoning on the Semantic Web Issues, vulnerabilities, and solutions Yannis Kalfoglou Web Science Research Meeting Monday, 22 January 2007
Reasoning on the SW Work to date: Ontologies:   OWL family of languages : OWL Lite, OWL DL, OWL Full, recently  OWL 1.1   Ontology editing tools : Protégé, SWOOP, TopBraid, OntoStudio, OILed, OntoTrack Rules:   Rules engines/languages : SWRL, RIF  Theorem Provers:  Hoolet Data :  Data query languages : SPARQL, RQL, RDQL, SQL, MySQL;  Data formats : RDF, XML APIs/Frameworks : Jena, Sesame, KAON2, etc. Some selective users’ experiences/expectations: Lack of sophisticated uses ” Minimal use of expressive OWL constructs by a majority of large scale ontologies (SNOMED-CT, FMA, GeneOntology, NCI Thesaurus, FOAF) [..] mostly taxonomic reasoning - subsumption“  Kershenbaum et al. (2006) “A view of OWL from the field: Use cases and experiences”. OWLED06, ISWC06 Workshop. Recent OWL version gets good reception  “ OWL 1.1 gives “disjoint union” as a new construct – provides user defined data type functionality – use of comments to capture and express the rationale behind modelling decisions – we need tool support”  Dolbear et al. (2006) “What OWL has done for geography and why we don’t need to map read”. OWLED06, ISWC06 Workshop [DL] reasoning:  tuned towards qualitative reasoning over the ontology rather than quantitative reasoning over the instances. Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd
Vulnerabilities – robust reasoning Kalfoglou et al. “On the emergent Semantic Web and overlooked issues”, ISWC04 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd A formal system is  sound  when every sentence produced by the system’s inference rules operating on the system’s initial set of axioms  logically follows  from that set It is  complete  when every sentence that logically follows from the system’s initial set of axioms can be  formally derived  using the inference rules. A set of sentences are said to be complete if every sentence of the language can be proved or disproved using those rules. In an environment the  size of the web  we must abandon the classical idea of sound and complete reasoners, our reasoners will almost certainly have to be  incomplete  (no longer guaranteeing to return all logically valid results), but most likely also  unsound : sometimes jumping to a logically unwarranted conclusion[…] answers will have to  approximate.
Vulnerabilities – robust reasoning Kalfoglou et al. “On the emergent Semantic Web and overlooked issues”, ISWC04 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd “ [..]the language must be able to state that a given ontology can be regarded as  complete . This would sanction additional inferences to be drawn from that ontology. The precise semantics of such statement (and the corresponding set of inferences) remains to be defined, but examples might include assuming complete property information  about individuals, assuming  completeness of class-membership , and assuming  exhaustiveness of subclasses .”
Points to consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd
Distributed reasoning work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd
Looking forward …a simple message (well… not that  simple  to implement!) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd

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Reasoning on the Semantic Web

  • 1. Reasoning on the Semantic Web Reasoning on the Semantic Web Issues, vulnerabilities, and solutions Yannis Kalfoglou Web Science Research Meeting Monday, 22 January 2007
  • 2. Reasoning on the SW Work to date: Ontologies: OWL family of languages : OWL Lite, OWL DL, OWL Full, recently OWL 1.1 Ontology editing tools : Protégé, SWOOP, TopBraid, OntoStudio, OILed, OntoTrack Rules: Rules engines/languages : SWRL, RIF Theorem Provers: Hoolet Data : Data query languages : SPARQL, RQL, RDQL, SQL, MySQL; Data formats : RDF, XML APIs/Frameworks : Jena, Sesame, KAON2, etc. Some selective users’ experiences/expectations: Lack of sophisticated uses ” Minimal use of expressive OWL constructs by a majority of large scale ontologies (SNOMED-CT, FMA, GeneOntology, NCI Thesaurus, FOAF) [..] mostly taxonomic reasoning - subsumption“ Kershenbaum et al. (2006) “A view of OWL from the field: Use cases and experiences”. OWLED06, ISWC06 Workshop. Recent OWL version gets good reception “ OWL 1.1 gives “disjoint union” as a new construct – provides user defined data type functionality – use of comments to capture and express the rationale behind modelling decisions – we need tool support” Dolbear et al. (2006) “What OWL has done for geography and why we don’t need to map read”. OWLED06, ISWC06 Workshop [DL] reasoning: tuned towards qualitative reasoning over the ontology rather than quantitative reasoning over the instances. Reasoning Vulnerabilities Points Related work Looking fwd
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  • 7.