Today commercial cellular networks and dedicated public safety systems are two separate technology families for providing terrestrial wide-area wireless communications. With NPSTC, TCCA and ETSI Technical Committee TETRA supporting LTE there is now a clear global consensus that it will be the global standard for next generation broadband public safety networks. In order to provide the best service to both communities, they are establishing common technical standards offers advantages to both communities. Work underway in Release 12 of 3GPP LTE standards will enhance LTE to meet public safety application requirements. The public safety community gets access to the economic and technical advantages generated by the scale of commercial cellular networks, and the commercial cellular community gets the opportunity to address parts of the public safety market as well as gaining enhancements to their systems that have interesting applications to consumers and businesses. Developing the ecosystem also requires each country and user community to develop the right government policy, commercial environment and spectrum plan. Those plans and works are undertaken outside 3GPP’s technical standards area.

1. 緊急通訊技術國際標準發展趨勢
(Next Generation Tech Trend for
Global Critical Communication Standard)
Institute for Information Industry
Speaker: Yi-Hsueh Tsai
2013/10/04

2. Biographies
• Mr. Yi-Hsueh Tsai received the B. S. degree in electrical
engineering from National Taiwan University of Science
and Technology in 1998 and the M. S. and Ph.D degrees
in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University
in 2000 and 2005.
• He started working in IEEE 802.16 standardization in
2006 and received “Certificates of Appreciation for
contributing to IEEE Std 802.16j-2009” in July 2009. He
started working in 3GPP standardization in 2011.
• He is currently a senior engineer in Institute for
Information Industry and involved in wireless standards
development in both WiMAX and LTE.

3. Outlines
1. Introduction of 3GPP
2. 3GPP Release schedule
3. Standards for critical communications
4. 3GPP public safety work items
5. 3GPP standards availability
6. Work beyond 3GPP
7. Conclusion

4. The role of 3GPP
• GSM, GPRS, W-CDMA, UMTS, EDGE, HSPA and LTE are all
RAN Technologies specified by 3GPP
• Core network and Systems architecture evolution have kept pace
• Backward compatibility is a key element of each new 3GPP Release
4
The 3GPP Organizational Partners are Regional and National Standards Bodies;
Companies participate through their
membership of one of these 6 Partners
Source: 3GPP

5. How does 3GPP work?
• 4 Technical Specification Groups (TSG) which control their Working Groups (WGs)
• TSGs meet 4 times/year, WGs in 1 or 2 times (for 1 week) between TSGs
• WGs have up to 350 participants & handle up to 1300 Technical Documents per week
• results are TSG approved Change Requests (CR) to modify Technical Specifications
Source: 3GPP
Project Co-ordination Group
TSG
Radio
Access
Network
TSG
Core
Network
TSG
Terminals
TSG
Service and
System
Aspects
3GPP internal structure
TSG
GSM/EDGE
Radio Access
Network
Technical Specifications

6. Scope of 3GPP TSG
Source: 3GPP & NEC
eNB
SGW
E-UTRAN
PDG
MME

7. Typical 3GPP work flow
A WID leads to the creation/update of a TS, a 3GPP deliverable containing normative provisions
A SID leads to the creation of a TR, a 3GPP deliverable containing only informative elements
Source: 3GPP SA1 Chair

8. 1999
Release 99
Release 4
Release 5
Release 6
LCR TDD
HSDPA
W-CDMA
HSUPA, MBMS
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, etc.)
Release 8 LTE
Release 9
Release 10
LTE
enhancements
Release 12
ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendation
ITU-R M.2012 [IMT.RSPEC]
IMT-Advanced Recommendation
3GPP Release schedule & RAN features
LTE-Advanced
3GPP work is structured in releases (REL) of
1-3 years duration
each release consists of several work items
(WI) and study items (SI)
even if a REL is completed corrections are
possible later
existing features of one REL can be
enhanced in a future REL
Further LTE
enhancements
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
???
Release 11
3GPP aligned to ITU-R IMT process
3GPP Releases evolve to meet:
• Future Requirements for IMT
• Future operator and end-user
requirements
only main
RAN WI
listed
now
2015
Source: 3GPP & ITU

9. 3GPP Release 12 roadmap
Source: 3GPP SA Chair
2013 2014 20152012
Later Phase Enhancements …
Release 12
Implementations
Available?
Signaling
Freeze
June
Requirements Freeze
(Postpone from March
for Public Safety Work)
June
Architecture
Freeze
Dec.
Requirements
Architecture
Protocols
Bug fixing

10. Standards for critical communications
• Standards used for commercial cellular and critical
communications have historically been separate
• New interest today in adapting LTE
for critical communication and
public safety applications
• 3GPP is working in collaboration
with the critical communication
industry to deliver standards
Public Warning System
(EMTEL & 3GPP)
Digital Mobile Radio
(ERM TG DMR)
Non-voice
Communication
(3GPP & EMTEL)
Maritime Distress and
Safety System
(ERM TG26)
TETRA
(TETRA)Priority use of public
network
(3GPP) Satellite emergency
communication
(SES SatEC)
eCall
(ESG & 3GPP)
Mobile broadband system
(MESA & RRS WG4)
Enhanced caller location
(E2NA, EMTEL, MSG,
BRAN & CABLE)
Public Safety
Source: ETSI

11. Standard for wide range of users
An open standard where the focus is on meeting the critical
communications needs of public safety and security agencies
and an increasingly wide range of other market sectors.
Government
Oil & Gas
Transport & logistics
Utilities
Commercial & Industrial
Manufacturing

12. Direct Mode for Critical Communication
Direct Mode is direct communication between two or more
terminals without the use of a network infrastructure.
Types of Direct Mode equipment
DMO
DMO
DMO
Repeater
DM-MS
Direct Mode
capable Terminal
Control Centre
Network
DMO
TMO
Gateway
DM-REP Direct Mode Repeater
DM-GATE Direct Mode Gateway
Source: TETRA

13. Direct Mode for Critical Communication
• Direct Mode provides a complementary service to
Trunked Mode operation
• Utilization of DMO Gateways and Repeaters provides:
– Network extension capabilities
– Predictability of coverage for working practices
– Workflow Management
– Location and management of DMO users from network Control
Centers
– Fallback scenarios, when base station sites fail
• DMO must be classed as an essential service in Public
Safety, Transportation and Utility networks

14. Commitment and 3GPP Cooperation
Requirements & Technical Input
LTE Enhancements
• Preserve strengths of LTE while also adding
features needed for public safety
• Maximize the technical commonality between
commercial and public safety aspects
National Public Safety Telecommunications Council
Spectrum and US$7bn funding for LTE-based national US
public safety network at 700MHz
Started standards process in 3GPP
Tetra + Critical Communications Association
Committed to LTE for broadband critical communication systems
Cellular
Industry
Source: 3GPP SA Chair

15. Use of a commercial wireless carrier
LTE provides numerous benefits that make it attractive for partnerships
between jurisdictions, and between public and private organizations.
Experts predict there will be
more partnerships as more
public safety agencies begin
moving forward with
deployments.
Financial benefits as shown in
right figure, it is dramatically
more cost-effective to build a
network as part of a public-
private partnership rather
than on a standalone basis.
Source: Bell Labs
-10%

16. Use of a commercial wireless carrier
In the US, it is expected that FirstNet will select an Internet Packet
Exchange (IPX) provider to handle the connectivity between the
NPSBN and the various commercial networks with whom NPBSN
creates roaming agreements.
When roaming
onto commercial
networks, it may be
desirable to route
certain traffic, such
as Internet traffic,
locally in the
commercial LTE
network.
Source: NPSTC
NPBSN
Commercial LTE

17. Public Safety Requirements and Standards
• Public safety imposes unique
requirements that cannot all
be satisfied with LTE
standards that are available
today. An example of such a
requirement is Mission
Critical Voice, which
includes Push to Talk (PTT),
off-network operation, and a
variety of related functions.
LTE
Standards
LTE
Product
from OEM
Commercial
LTE
Network
• As LTE standards continue to evolve, and organizations such as
FirstNet participate in the 3GPP standards processes to drive desired
capabilities, more of the public safety requirements can be satisfied
with products based on these standards.
e.g. certain
priority &
QoS feature
e.g. eMBMS
e.g. mission
critical voice
Source:
NPSTC

18. 3GPP public safety work items
Work Item
3GPP
Release
Work Item
Document
Study on Resilient E-UTRAN Operation
for Public Safety (FS_REOPS)
13 SP-130240
Proximity-based Services Specification
(ProSe)
12
SP-130030
RP-122009
Group Communication System Enablers
for LTE (GCSE_LTE)
12 SP-130326
Public Safety Broadband High Power
User Equipment for Band 14 for Region 2
11 RP-120362
Source: 3GPP

19. Proximity-based Service – D2D
WLAN D2D
WAN +
WLAN D2D
D2D multicast
(groupcast)
D2D link
Pico cell
D2D link
Pico cell
WAN D2D
Source: 3GPP & Intel

20. Use cases for Proximity-based Service
Restricted discovery
describes a basic scenario
for ProSe discovery.
Mary’s UE
John’s UE
Peter’s UE
Proximity
Open discovery describes
a case in which an UE
discover another UE
without permission by the
discoverable UE.
Advertisement
Interactive discovery

21. Use cases for Proximity-based Service
3GPP D2D
Initial Focus
Within network
coverage
Outside network
coverage
Discovery
Non public safety & public
safety requirements
Public safety only
Direct
Communication
At least public safety
requirements
Public safety only
eNBs
LTE R12
GRRAN/UTRAN
pre-R12 LTE
In network
coverage
Out of network
coverage
Partial network
coverage
Communication type:
– Unicast
– Groupcast
– Broadcast
– UE relay
Source: 3GPP & Qualcomm

22. Proximity-based Services
Allow devices in close proximity to communicate directly
1. Reduce network load
2. Increase capacity in given bandwidth
3. Allow communication in areas without network coverage
Network
Cell
Site
Current LTE
Communication Path
Network
Cell
Site
Direct Discovery
Communication
Locally Routed UE Relay
Cell
Site
Network
Assisted
Discovery

23. Key Components for Public Safety
(B) Direct 1:many E-UTRA Communication out of coverage
(D) Direct 1:many E-UTRA Communication in E-UTRAN coverage
– NPSBN Users may be outside of the range of the fixed network, such as first responders
in a rural area assisting in a response to a plane crash or police officers inside a
residence responding to a domestic issue.
– Off-network voice communications must be immediately accessible to users in the
absence of the NPSBN.
(H) UE to NW Relay
(I) Service Continuity
(F) ProSe-assisted
WLAN Direct
(ext1) RAN
support
(ext2) SA3
specification
(D) Direct 1:many
E-UTRA Comm.,
in coverage
(C) Direct 1:1
E-UTRA Comm.,
in coverage
(E) ProSe Comm
Path via eNB
(A) Direct 1:1
E-UTRA Comm.,
out of coverage
(B) Direct 1:many
E-UTRA Comm.,
out of coverage
(G) UE to UE Relay
(H) UE to NW Relay
– We use this often to extend vehicle-
based coverage footprint to handheld
devices, e.g., to guarantee availability
when responding to life-critical
incidents within a building.
– Also key to public safety, we would like
this to be included in R12 if a solution
can be found that does not add too
much complexity to the rest of the work. Source: 3GPP & UK Home Office & US DoC

24. Tentative 3GPP roadmap for ProSe
Source: 3GPP & NEC
2013 2014 20152012 2016+
SA1 Feasibility
Stage1
SA2/3 Feasib
Stage2
SA/CT Stage3
RAN Feasibility
RAN Stage3
Stage1
Stage2
RAN Stage3
SA/CT Stage3
ProSe work in RAN1 is too
big to fit in current Rel12
timescales. RAN2 work partly
depending on RAN1 progress
CT work not well identified
yet, need stable stage 2 first
Release 12
Release 14
Release 13
Some requirements and
features will most likely be
delayed to Release 13. It is
very unlikely that Release
12 will be extended.

25. • When users leave a vehicle, hand portable coverage may not be
predictable:
– Operating in built up areas
– Roaming into public buildings
(shopping centers etc.)
– Operating near large metallic structures
– Operating in a rural environment
• Switching into DMO provides some predictable guidelines to
follow for coverage planning
• Using a Repeater will allow coverage area to be extended
• Using a Gateway will allow hand portable operation in DMO, whilst
still enabling communications with trunked mode users.
TETRA
Network
TMO SDS Gateway
Applications for Public Safety
PEI SDS
Source: TETRA

26. Applications for Public Safety
• Using DMO in this way can be useful for:
• Police officers when operating on foot after leaving a vehicle
• Fire crews using the appliance as a gateway or repeater on the
fire ground
• Ambulance Crews leaving the vehicle to attend to patients
No Network Coverage
TETRA
NetworkGateway
• Transportation users
when parked in depots
use Gateway for
communications to
Trunked mode users
Source: TETRA

27. Applications for Public Safety
• Location of Remote Users:
Manage Resource in DMO
• Users out of coverage of the
network can report their current
position to either their vehicle
or to an operator via TMO and
to their vehicle
• Alarm indications can report
the position of the originator
TETRA
Network
TMO SDS
PEI SDSGatewa
y
Position Report Position Report
Gateway
DMO User
Underground Bunker
TETRA Infrastructure
• Large buildings such as power stations,
storage buildings and metallic structured
buildings may have no TMO coverage
• A Gateway, can be used to allow DMO
communications within the building, and a
link to TMO users Outside of the building
Source: TETRA

28. Group Communication System Enablers
• Enable efficient group communication
1. Dynamic groups with mobile users and
dispatchers
2. Support for floor control (e.g. push to talk)
3. Large groups (perhaps up to 5000)
4. Low latency to add users, obtain channels
• Group call application is separate
from the 3GPP system enablers
1. Application layer: group management, floor
control decisions, legacy interoperability
2. LTE layer: mobility, service continuity,
radio efficiency
3. Joint: performance, service interaction
Group Call
application
sever
Cell
Site
Dispatcher
Group Call Enabled
LTE Network
Group Members UE Relay
G.C. Network Application
3GPP LTE Network Layers
Network API
G.C. Network Application
3GPP LTE Network Layers
Network API

29. Key Components for Public Safety
(A) Group Management
– Any aspects of this required to
make core functionality work.
(B) Group Communications
(F) Service Continuity
– Service will not be usable without
this.
(H) Resource Efficiency
– Planned or unplanned major incidents may require group communications within a
very large group in a small geographic area - requires good radio resource
efficiency.
(E) User Interaction
– Some aspects only; related to performance, immediate updating of group
membership, all members receiving transmissions at the same time.
(A) Group Management
(B) Group Comm (TX,RX)
(H) Resource Efficiency (I) Roaming Scenarios
(J) High Availability
(C) Geographic Scope
(ext2) RAN
support
(ext3) SA3
specification
(ext1) SA2/
ProSe support
(F) Service Continuity
(G) UE to NW Relay
(D) Floor Control
(E) User Interaction
?
(K) Inter-
working
(L) UE-AS
Open
Interface
Source: 3GPP & UK Home Office & US DoC

30. Fall-back Operation for Public Safety
Mobile Coverage
Handportable Coverage
Gateway
DMO User

31. EU FP7 Project - ABSOLUTE
• Flexible and Resilient Public Safety and Disaster Recovery System
and prototype components
• Cognitive and Context Aware communications and network
management solutions for
public safety communications
• System level simulator
for hybrid Aerial-
Terrestrial-Satellite
Systems
• Demonstration and
pilot field trials
validating the
concepts

32. ABSOLUTE’s Demonstrations
Field test trials
To assess system performances
To test key functionalities
Final demonstration
To demonstrate to stake holders and to
end users the ABSOLUTE concept

33. Isolated E-UTRAN can be formed following:
1. An Outage event within the infrastructure network
2. Deployment of Mobile Command Posts (MCPs)
Isolated E-UTRAN Operation
• 1 or more eNB(s)
• Transport connection between eNBs
• Backhaul
• Local EPC functions at eNB
• Restoration of coverage for the
group of eNBs
• Security between UE and eNB
• Security between eNBs
• Offer similar services seen prior to
• Outage event
Isolated E-UTRAN
Outage in the
Infrastructure
Network
Mobile
Command
Post

34. Release 12 draft standards and schedule
WG Document Title Date
SA1 TR 22.803 Study on Proximity-based Services 2011/09~2013/01
SA1
TS 22.115
TS 22.278
Service aspects; Charging and billing
Service requirements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS)
2012/12~2013/06
SA2 TR 23.703 Study on architecture enhancements to support Proximity Services 2012/12~2013/09
SA3 TR 33.8xy Study on security issues to support Proximity Services 2013/03~2014/03
RAN1
RAN2
TR 36.843
Feasibility Study on LTE Device to Device Proximity Services -
Radio Aspects
2012/12~2014/03
SA1 TS 22.468 Group Communication System Enablers for LTE 2012/06~2013/12
SA2 TR 23.768
Study on architecture enhancements to support Group
Communication System Enablers for LTE
2013/02~2013/09
WG Document Title Date
SA1 TR 22.897 Study on Resilient E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety 2013/07~2014/06
Release 13 draft standards and schedule
3GPP standards availability
Source: 3GPP

35. Work beyond 3GPP
• Standards are one element in enabling a market
– 3GPP will deliver LTE enhancements for public safety in Rel-12
• Relationship between 3GPP and other SDOs
• Potential users need to also consider
– Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
• Interworking requirement need to be carefully considered
• Extension of PTT application with P25/TETRA to the LTE network
– Spectrum (ITU)
• World Radio Conference - 2015 (WRC-15) is currently under preparation
– Working Party 5A: allocations for PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief)
– Working Party 5D: WRC-15 agenda point 1.2 (organization of 700 MHz band)
– Regulation
• The „Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012‟ directs FirstNet
to establish a single nationwide public safety broadband network.
– Handset and infrastructure ecosystem
– Application designs

36. Developing internet
protocol specs
ITU-R/T
Developing Mobile
application specs
Organisational Partners
Referring to 3GPP specs
(contributed by
individual members)
Partners of 3GPP
Referring to 3GPP specs for
the local specs
Referring to specs
Cross reference
of specs
Developing Wireless
LAN/MAN specs
Requirements
Input
specs
JapanEU Korea China North America
MRP
Developing
Recommendations
Terminal
Certification
Terminal certification
based on 3GPP specs
Cross reference
of specs
Relationship between 3GPP and other SDOs
Source: 3GPP

37. Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
• The legacy coexistence is for the LTE network to interwork
with P25/TETRA voice and low data-rate services such as
short message.
Source: TCCA & Alcatel-Lucent
• This interworking
enables interoperability
and also provides the
necessary migration
path from P25/TETRA
with an LTE overlay to
a mission-critical LTE
network running all
mission critical services.
TETRA,
TETRAPOL,
etc. PMR/LMR
networks
Non Mission
Critical data
(commercial
LTE)
Mission
Critical Data
(Private LTE)
Mission
Critical Voice
(Private LTE)
Single sign-on services (security) Communications
services - including PMR/LMR applications
Subscriber & group management, group calls, etc.
Cloud - based Applications including
Control Room Applications
1 2 3 4
TIME / STAGE
Mission Critical voice
services Until LTE
readiness & maturity
Upgrade Learn Build Migrate
Strategic: requires
spectrum for private LTE
Using commercial
3G/4G carriers

38. BB system introduction and coexistence
Source: Cassidian
The application is focused on coexistence between Narrowband PMR
systems and Broadband PMR systems. Narrowband systems for voice
communications and low data rate communications: (1)TETRA, (2)
TETRAPOL, (3) APCO 25 These systems are using 10 to 25 kHz
bandwidths. For high data rate communications, LTE is the system that
is targeted to be used for
future PMR Broadband.
Bandwidths of
1.4 MHz,
3 MHz,
5 MHZ,
10Mhz
are considered.

39. ITU-R Study Group Meetings: Working Party 5D
WRC
SGs & SC
CPM
RRRec
RofP
Radiocommunication Bureau
Director RRB
Final Acts
ITU Member States (including
Regional Groups, Informal Group)
Revisions to RR,
Resolutions & Questions,
Recommendations Reports
Technical bases
RA RRB: Radio Regulations Board
SGs: Radio-communication
Study Groups
SC: Special Committee
(Regulation & Proc.)
RA: Radio-communication
Assembly
WRC: World Radio-
communication Conference
DeploymentProduct R&DStandardResearch and Technology Trials
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
WRC-2012 WRC-2015 WRC-2019
5G
Source: ITU & Huawei

40. Public Safety Regulation for US
The „Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012‟ directs
First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet), a new entity within
NTIA, to establish a single nationwide, interoperable public safety
broadband network. It will develop recommended technical
requirements to ensure nationwide interoperability, based on the LTE
standard. FCC will facilitate transition of public safety broadband
spectrum (700 MHz D Block) to FirstNet
A
Multiple
Licensees
B
AT&T
(most of
US)
C
AT&T
(most of
US)
D
AT&T
(acquired
from
Qualcomm)
E
Multiple
Licensees
A
Multiple
Licensees
B
AT&T
(most of
US)
C
AT&T
(most of
US)
698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746
Ch 52 Ch 53 Ch 54 Ch 55 Ch 56 Ch 57 Ch 58 Ch 59
Ch 60 Ch 61 Ch 62 Ch 63 Ch 64 Ch 65 Ch 66 Ch 67 Ch 68 Ch 69
DTV
A Block Guard Band
(Access Spectrum,
Pegasus, etc.)
B Block Guard
Band (Vacant)
C
Verizon
746 768 798 806769 775757 776758 799787
PSBB PSNB C
Verizon
PSBB PSNB
805788
800
MHz
FirstNet License
Lower
700 MHz
Band
Upper 700 MHz Band
Source: FirstNet

41. Conclusions
• The Role of 3GPP
– 3GPP Organizational Partners are Regional and National Standards
Bodies; companies participate through one of these 6 Partners
• 3GPP has started work on public safety standards
– Technical participation in Release 12 is needed
• LTE based public safety networks
– Improve on existing capabilities with broadband and multimedia
• Work beyond 3GPP
– Legacy coexistence and migration strategies are needed
– ITU‟s Working Party 5A dealing notably with allocations for
PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief)
– Regional regulation are considered for public-safety

42. Reference
1. http://www.3gpp.org/Public-Safety
2. http://www.3gpp.org/Public-Safety-LTE-gains-momentum
3. Radio Communications for Emergency Response and Disaster Relief
(http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2012/NBTC-
disaster/S6_MrBhatia.pdf)
4. EMPhAtiC – Standardization Strategy
(http://www.ict-ras.eu/index.php/meetings)
5. Public safety LTE: A How-to Guide
(http://criticalcommunicationsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/tetra11/14691-
Alcatel-Lucent_How-to-guide_LTE-for-Public-Safety_Global_edition_EN.pdf)
6. http://gcn.com/Articles/2013/04/08/Why-LTE-is-the-next-generation-in-
wireless.aspx?Page=2
7. http://www.radioresourcemag.com/onlyonline.cfm?OnlyOnlineID=400

43. Q&A

44. Annex

45. ABSOLUTE
• ABSOLUTE = Aerial Base Stations with Opportunistic
Links for Unexpected & Temporary Events
– The project is a highly ambitious and unique effort, investigating and validating a
novel heterogeneous network architecture combining aerial, terrestrial and
satellite communications links. It provides rapidly deployable, resilient and
flexible mobile networks, comprising innovative components, advanced
functionalities for broadband
applications during large scale
emergency recovery
or temporary events.
• FP7 Call-8 Project
• http://www.absolute-project.eu/

46. EMPHATIC
• EMPHATIC= Enhanced Multicarrier Techniques
for Professional Ad-Hoc and Cell-Based
Communications
• EU FP7 Call 8 Project
• http://www.ict-emphatic.eu