This presentation discusses various terms related to the skin, nails, and skin conditions. It defines terms using Greek and Latin combining forms including: dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), dermatosis (abnormal skin condition), dermatologist (skin specialist), dermatology (study of skin), melanoma (black tumor), melanocyte (black cell), ichthyoderma (scaly skin), leukoderma (white skin), erythroderma (red skin), onychomalacia (softening of the nail), paronychia (nail infection), and onychectomy (nail removal). It then provides more detail on melanoma, including causes like genetics and UV radiation. Diagnosis

1. PRESENTATION 3 BY YVETTE GHAM

2. The combining formdermat/o refers to skin. Using it to write the term that means: Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis Any abnormal skin condition is called dermatosis An instrument for cutting the skin is called dermatome specialist in skin is a dermatologist. Study of the skin is dermatology

3. The combining formmelan/o means black. Using it to write term that means: Black tumor is melanoma. Black cell is melanocyte. the suffix derma means skin. Using it to write a term Scaly skin is called ichthyoderma White skin is called leukoderma Red skin is called erythroderma

4. The combining formonych/o refers to the nail. Using it o write a term that means: Softening of the nail is onychomalacia. Infection around the nail is calledparonychia Nail eating is onychophagia Removal of nail is called onychectomy

5. Melanoma Melanoma is a typical malignant tumor of melanocyte . It is a less common type of skin cancer but is responsible for a minority of skin cancer related deaths. However if diagnosed earlier, it could be curable. About 6000 new cases of invasive melanoma are diagnosed in the united states every year, more frequently in males and in Caucasians especially those living in sunny climates and those utilizing tanning salons.

6. melanoma Treatment include surgical removal of tumor, adjuvant treatment, chemo and immunotherapy and radiation therapy.

7. Causes of melanoma Genetics –familial melonoma is genticallyheterogenous and loci for familial melanoma have beenidentified on chromosome arm. Today melanoma is diagnose only after they become visible on the skin but hopefully in the future, physicians will be able to detect it based on a patient’s genotype and not just his/her phenotype.

8. Causes of melanoma Ultraviolent radiation from sunlight and tanning beds Diagnosis To detect melanoma, it is recommended to follow the ABCDE rules A- Asymmetrical skin lesion B- Border of lesion is irregular C- Color: melanoma usually have multiple colors. D- Diameter: mole greater than 6mm are more likely to be melanoma E- Enlarging or evolving Show any suspicious mole to the doctor

9. Photo of melanoma

10. Melanoma

12. Melanoma staging Stage 0: melanoma is situ with 99.9 percent chances of survival. Stage 1: invasive melanoma with 85-99 percent chances of survival. Stage 2: high risk melanoma with 40-85 percent chances of survival. Stage 3: regional metastasis with 25-60 percent survival chances.

13. Melanoma staging Stage 4: distant metastasis with 9-15 chances of survival.

14. Prevention of melanoma Minimizing exposure to source of UV radiation. People with family history of cancer should see a physician at least ones a year. Management of melanoma Clinical diagnosis is either done with an excision skin biopsy or a full thickness sampling with punch skin biopsy.

15. Management of melanoma Excision of tumor High risk melanomas require Adjuvant treatment. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy Radiation therapy is often used after surgical resection for patients with local or regional advanced melanomas or for patients with distant metastases

16. Dermatitis It means inflammation of the skin. There are several types and the different kinds usually have in common, an allergic reaction to specific allergens. In most cases, early stage is characterized by itchy skin although acute attacks may result in crusty scales or blisters that ooze fluid.

18. Among plants, the leading culprits are poison ivy.

19. Contact with some flowers and fruit can cause dermatitis.

21. Types Often associated with allergies Seborrheic dermatitis: consist of greasy yellowish scaling on the scalp and other hairy areas. It is called cradle cap in infants. Stasis dermatitis: caused by poor circulation. Could be found in people with heart failure. Leads to irritation especially around the ankles.

22. Photo view of dermatitis

23. dermatitis

24. Causes of dermatitis Allergies Genetic factors Different types are based on particular factors that trigger skin reaction. E.g. Laundry detergent, cleansing products, allergens such as rubber, metal, and perfumes. Some are caused by stress and neurological condition such as pakinsondisease,

25. Symptoms Symptoms vary with different conditions. They range from skin rash to blisters. Common signs include redness of skin, swelling, itching, skin lesion and sometimes oozing and scaring.

26. Treatment of dermatitis Treatment is made according to particular cause. Corticosteroid creams are used most of the times. Antihistamines can be used to avoid itches Non steroidal medication may help relieve sign and symptoms.

27. onychophagia Also known as nail biting: it is a common oral compulsive habit in children and adults affecting about 30 percent of children between 7 and 10yrs and 45 percent of teenagers Results to destruction of fingernail. Causes Obsessive compulsive disorder.

28. Causes Self soothing in times of stress Boredom Perfectionist as they spend their time examining their nails for the tiniest irregularity with the hope of fixing it. Medication Antidepressant. Natural remedies.

29. Photo view of onyphagia

30. Photo of onychophagia

31. Photo of a person with nail biting syndrome.

32. Medication Psychotherapy which involves different techniques like habit reversal, self monitoring, stimulus control and competing response(give a person alternative to nail biting. Eg fidget toy)

33. Erythroderma Also known as expholiative dermatitis It is an inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that effects the entire cutaneous surface. Causes Dermatitis especially atopic dermatitis may lead to a condition of erythroderma Psoriasis may cause skin infection which in turn cause erythroderma.

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36. Causes of erythroderma Cutaneous T cell may lymphoma may affect the skin, thus cause erythroderma. Bacterial or viral infection such as streptococcus infection. Low calcium Hereditary

37. Symptoms of erythroderma Red skin patches is the initial symptom Hyperkeratosis may be seen Long standing erythroderma is often associated with hair loss and nail shedding. Hypothermia Dehydration Increase in the level of uric acid Feeling cold Cardiac fluid high output

38. Symptoms of erythroderma

39. Treatment of erythroderma Maintain skin moisture Dithranol should be used to apply on the skin Topical steroid may also be helpful in some cases. A sedative antihistamine may be used for itchy patients. Hospitalization for supportive care include intravenous fluid and temperature regulation.

40. References Human anatomy and physiology Elaine N Marieb. 8th edition Medical terminology: A living language bonnie F Fremgen. www.google.com An introduction to system biology Campbell/hall