greek report

1. FNBE AUG 14 INTAKE
CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
REPORT
PROJECT 2 :
GOING BACK TO THE PAST
CHOO ZI ZHAO 0320489
TAN WUI XIANG 0321128
TEO VI VIEN 0321645
TEO KUO CHEIN 0320195
HIRENDRAN 0319894
RACHAEL CHEONG 0319926
YEN WEI ZHENG 0320266
ANG AVERLLEN 0321444
JAQUELYN VANESSA 0320021
CHONG ZHAO LUN 0320408

2. INDEX
1. Greece Timeline
2. Mount Olympus of Ancient Greece
3. Character in Ancient Greece
Story 1 (Greek god war)
4. Story 2 (Spartan war)
5. Movie inspiration to our roleplay
6. Official Script
Story 1 (Greek god war)
7. Story 2 (Spartan war)
8. References

3. Greece Timeline
Persian war
Greek settle in Ionia
The rival tradition in classical Greece is linked
with Athens, an outpost of Mycenaean culture.
Athens successfully resists the Dorians and
becomes something of a place of refuge for those
fleeing the invaders. With the encouragement of
Athens, from about 900 BC, non-Dorian Greeks
migrate to form colonies on the west coast of
Antonia. These colonies eventually merge to form
Ionia. In subsequent centuries Ionia, with Athens,
becomes a cradle of the classical Greek civilization.
So there is a genuine continuity from Mycenae. It is
reflected in the idea of Mycenaean Greeks
expressed by Homer himself probably a native of Ionia.
Ionian League created
The Ionian League, also called the Panionic League, was a confederation formed at the end of the Meliac
War in the mid-7th century BC comprising twelve Ionian cities (a dodecapolis, of which there were many others).
These were listed by Herodotus as
 Miletus, Myus and Priene, all in Caria (a region in Asia Minor) and speaking the same dialect
 Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenae and Phocaea in Lydia and-or the region known today as
Ionia (both also in Asia Minor, Lydia extending inland much farther relative to Ionia), speaking another
dialect
 Chios (island) and Erythrae (Asia Minor), with a common dialect
 Samos (island), with its own dialect

4. Cyrus II
Cyrus II (reign: 559-530 BCE), also known as Cyrus
the Great, was the founder of the Persian Empire. When
he became king, Persia was a client state of the empire of
the Medes. Cyrus revolted, conquered the Median capital
Ecbatana and deposed the king of the Medes, Astyages.
Throughout his reign he conquered Babylon, Lydia, and
the Greek cities of Asia Minor. The expansion of Persia
brought wealth, which Cyrus used to construct the
royal city of Pasargadae. Cyrus had a wife named
Cassandane. She was an Achaemenian and daughter of
Pharnaspes. From this marriage, Cyrus had four children which are
Cambyses II, Bardiya, Atossa, and another daughter whose name is
not attested in ancient sources.
Though his father died in 551 BC, Cyrus had already succeeded to the throne in 559 BCE. However, Cyrus
was not yet an independent ruler. Like his predecessors, Cyrus had to recognize Median over lordship. In 553
BC Cyrus rebelled against Astyages: He rallied the Persian people to revolt against their Median overlords. After
severals battles he conquered the Median capital of Ecbatana in 549 BCE, effectively controlling the Media n
Empire. While Cyrus seems to have accepted the crown of Media, by 546 BCE, he officially assumed the title
"King of Persia" instead.
Cyrus's conquest of Media was merely the start of his wars. Astyages had been allied with his brother-in-
law Croesus of Lydia
(son of Alyattes II),
Nabonidus of Babylon,
and Amasis II of Egygt.
Around 547 BCE the
Lydians first attacked
the Achaemenid
Empire's city of Pteria
in Cappadocia. Cyrus
levied an army and
marched against the
Lydians, increasing his
numbers while passing
through nations in his
way. After the stalemate battle of Pteira, Cyrus moved on to the Lydian capital
Sardis, where he routed the Lydian cavalry by placing dromedaries at the front of his battle lines. Cyrus occupied
Sardis and had conquered the Lydian kingdom in 546 BCE.
 Tomb of Cyrus The Great
 Cyrus Cylinder

5. The Battle of Thermophylae I
The battle of Thermopylae was the first between the
Persians and Greeks during the Persian invasion of 480-
479 BC. The Greek force was very small but was
determined to make a stand against the huge Persian
army.
The Battle of Thermophylae II
All of Greece was in fear, knowing that the army of
the Persian king Xerxes had begun its invasion of Greece.
Already the Thessalians had gone over to the Persian
side, but some Greek cities had come together and
forgotten their usual rivalries, determining to stop the
Persian invasion. These cities agreed that Sparta would
lead the Greek army, as her reputation in war was
unmatched by any other Greek state.
The Battle of Thermophylae III
The Greeks had chosen to defend a narrow pass, or
gap, between the mountains of central Greece and the
sea, called Thermopylae. This pass was part of the route
into Greece from the north. Here the Greek force now
waited, made up of only 300 Spartans under their king,
Leonidas, and about 6000 soldiers from other Greek
cities. They faced a Persian army of perhaps 100,000
men.

6. The Battle of Thermophylae IV
After the Persians arrived at the pass, several days
crept by without battle beginning. Xerxes sent a scout to
find out what the Greek position was. The scout returned to
the king, who was amazed by what he heard. In front of a
wall that blocked the pass the 300 Spartans were combing
their hair and exercising. However, the king was warned not
to misread this information: the Spartans were preparing to
fight to the death and were men of great bravery.
The Battle of Thermophylae V
Finally, after the nerve-wracking wait, the Persians
launched their attack. The Greeks were defending the pass
from behind the wall that blocked the path. They took it in
turns to hold the front line and fought off wave after wave of
attacking Persians. In the narrow space, the Persians could
not make use of their greater numbers and the longer
spears of the Greeks meant that they inflicted many
casualties on the Persians.
The Battle of Thermophylae VI
The Spartans also used a clever strategy to further overwhelm their enemy.
They pretended to retreat so that the Persians chased after them, but would then
turn upon the Persians and in the confusion kill many of the enemy.
The Battle of Thermophylae VII

7. In this way two days of battle passed, with the Persians
unable to defeat the much smaller army of Greeks. The
Persians had lost many men, but their luck was about to
change. A Greek traitor came to the Persian king with
information of huge importance.
The Battle of Thermophylae Final
The Spartans withdrew to a hillock near the pass,
together with a few other Greek soldiers who had refused to
leave. They fought the Persians with all their remaining
strength. When their weapons broke, they fought with their
hands and teeth. But the Persian soldiers vastly outnumbered
them and finally the Spartans were overwhelmed with a volley
of arrows fired by the Persians.
PeloponnesianWar
The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) took place between the Athenian empire and Peloponnesian
league lead by the Spartans. The Peloponnesian league was a coalition of the Thebes, Corinth and Sparta.
The war was divided into 3 phases: The Archidamian War, The Sicilian war and The Ionian or Decelean
War: phase. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on Plataea,
who as a partner of Athens. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. when Athens surrendered.The Peloponnesian
War remodeled the entire Greek state. The Athenian empire, which was a stronger side prior to the war, was
reduced to a mere vulnerable slave of Sparta. After the war, Sparta was the ruling state of Greece. The war
destroyed the economies and
brought poverty and sufferings to the
state.
Mount Olympus
of Ancient
Greece
According to ancient Greek mythology, when things had to be decided in the mystical world, a council of
12 gods called the Olympians met on Mount Olympus to discuss things. The 12 Olympian godsall kept a home
on Mount Olympus. Hades was rarely in residence. He preferred his home in the Underworld. Poseidon
preferred his palace under the sea. But the rest of the Olympians could be found on Mount Olympus year around
unless they were off traveling somewhere.

8. Hestia was the goddess of hearth and home. She used to be one of the Olympians, but she grew tired of
all their fighting and bickering. She gave her seat to Dionysus, the god of wine. Actually, once Dionysus settled
down and got married, he was a very good choice.
Aphrodite was on the council. But her husband, Hephaestus, who built all the gods' homes on Mount
Olympus, was not on the council, not according to most Greek myths. The Parthenon in Greece is surrounding
by the statue of each of the 12 Olympians. Hades, king of the Underworld, is not represented with a statue, but
Hephaestus is.
When Hestia resigned, Dionysus took her place, so that was a swap. But no one knows whether Hades or
Hephaestus was the 12th Olympian.
Zeus
Hera
Poseidon
Demeter
Athena
Ares
Apollo
Artemis
Hermes
Aphrodite
Hestia, who turned her place over to Dionysus
Last (depending upon who is telling the story) - sometimes Hades, and sometimes Hephaestus
Character in Ancient Greece
Story 1 (Greek god war)
Cronus
12 Olympians in
Mount Olympus

9. Cronus or Kronos was in Greek mythology the leader and the
youngest of the first generation of Titans, the divine descendants of
Uranus, the sky and Gaia, the earth.
He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological Golden Age,
until he was overthrown by his own son Zues and imprisoned in
Tartarus.
Cronus was usually depicted with a Harpe, Scythe or a Sickle,
which was the instrument he used to castrate and depose Uranus, his
father.
In Athens, on the twelfth day of the
Attic month of Hekatombaion, a
festival called Kronia was held in
honour of Cronus to celebrate the
harvest, suggesting that, as a
result of his association with the
virtuous Golden Age, Cronus continued to preside as a patron of harvest.
Cronus was also identified in classical antiquity with the Roman deity
Saturn.
Cronus weapon
Cronus used his weapon of choice which was the sickle, so he could kill his father, Uranus. Gaea made
the sickle for Cronus so he could kill him and take over.
 Scythe  Sickle

10. Rhea
Rhea is the Titaness daughter of the earth goddess Gaia
and the sky god Uranus, in Greek mythology and sister
and wife to Cronus. In early traditions, she is known as
"the mother of gods" and therefore is strongly associated
with Gaia and Cybele, who have similar functions. The
classical Greeks saw her as the mother of the Olympian
goddesses and gods, but not as an Olympian goddess in
her own right. The Romans identified her with Magna
Mater (their form of Cybele), and the Goddess Ops.
Then she hid Zeus in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete. According to
varying versions of the story:
1. He was then raised by Gaia
2. He was suckled by his first cousin, a goat named Amalthea,
while a company of Kouretes, so ldiers, or smaller gods, shouted
and clashed their swords together to make noise so that Cronus
would not hear the baby's cry,
3. He was raised by a nymph named Adamanthea, who fed him
goat milk. Since Cronus ruled over the earth, the heavens, and the
sea, Adamanthea hid him by dangling him on a rope from a tree so
he was suspended between earth, sea, and sky and thus, invisible
to his father.

11. Cronus devour his own child
Cronos sired six children by Rhea: Hestia, Hades, Demeter,
Poseidon , Hera, and Zeus in that order, but swallowed them all as
soon as they were born except Zeus, since Cronus had learned from
Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own
child as he had overthrown his own father. When Zeus was about to
be born, however, Rhea sought Uranus and Gaia to devise a plan
to save him, so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts
against Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth
to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a stone wrapped in
swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed.
Gaea

12. In Greek mythology, Gaia, from Ancient Greek also spelled Gaea, was the
personification of the Earth and one of the Greek primordial deities.
Gaia was the great mother of all: the primal
Greek Mother Goddess; creator and giver of
birth to the Earth and all the Universe;
the heavenly gods, the Titans, and
the Giants were born to her.
The gods reigning over their classical pantheon
were born from her union with Uranus (the
sky), while the sea-gods were born from her
union with Pontus (the sea). Her equivalent in
the Roman pantheon was Terra.
Giants

13. Titans

14. Zues
Zues was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods.
He overthrew his father, Cronos, and then drew lots with his
brothers Poseidon and Hades, in order to decide who would succeed
their father on the throne. Zues won the draw and became the
supreme ruler of the gods, as well as lord of the sky and rain. His
weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurled at those who displeased
or defied him, especially liars and oathbreakers. He was married
to Hera but often tested her patience, as he was infamous for his
many affairs.
Zues, the presiding deity of
the universe, ruler of the skies and the earth, was regarded by the
Greeks as the god of all natural phenomena on the sky; the
personification of the laws of nature; the ruler of the state; and finally,
the father of gods and men.
Using his shield, the Aegis, Zeus could create all natural phenomena
related to the air and the sky, such as storms, tempests, and intense
darkness. At his command, mighty thunders would flash and
lightnings
would roll, wreaking havoc; or the skies would open to
rejuvenate the earth with life-giving water.
As the personification of the operations of nature, he
represented the
grand laws of
unchanging and
harmonious
order, by which
both the natural
and the spiritual
world were
governed. He was the god of regulated time as marked by the changing
seasons and the regular succession of day and night, in contrast to what
his father Cronus represented before him; absolute time, i.e. eternity.

15. Poseidon
God of the sea and rivers, creator of storms and floods, and the
bringer of earthquakes and destruction, Poseidon was perhaps the
most disruptive of all the ancient Greek gods, not only for mortals but
also to Zeus’ peaceful reign on Olympus. Son of Kronos and Rhea,
and brother of Zeus and Hades, Poseidon was a key figure in the
battles for control of the universe between the Titans, the Giants, and
the Olympians. On their victory, the three brothers drew lots to decide
which domain they would reign over and Poseidon gained the seas.
The god dwelled in magnificent golden mansions beneath the sea,
beautifully adorned with coral and sea flowers. Seemingly not content
with this alone, Poseidon often interfered in the plans of Zeus, and
once even attempted to overthrow his brother with the aid of Hera and
Athena. It was as punishment for this treachery that Poseidon was
made to build the magnificent walls of Troy. Poseidon’s wife was the
Nereid Amphitrite and his son was Triton (who was half-man, half-fish). However, as with the other divinities, he
fathered many other offspring with various partners. Most notable are Theseus
(with Aithra), Polyphemus the Cyclops (whom Odysseus encountered on his
lengthy return from the Trojan War), Orion the hunter (with the daughter of
Minos), Pegasus (after the rape of Medusa), and Charybdis (with Gaia), the
ship-eating sea monster which created terrible whirlpools. Poseidon was also
responsible for another terrible creature - the Minotaur.
Power and Abilities
Poseidon's Trident has the power
over the sea. It makes tsunamis and waves,
along with sea foam. He can calm the water
or make it roar. If he strikes the Earth with his
trident an earthquake will happen.
Trident (weapon)
The cyclops forged this Trident out of
pure gold, and later imbued it with the power of the seas.
Hades

16. God of the Underworld—
He presided over funeral rites and defended the right of the dead
to due burial.
Hades was devoured by Kronos as soon as he was born, along
with four of his siblings. Zues later caused the Titan to disgorge them,
and together they drove the Titan gods from heaven and locked them
away in the pit of Tartaros. When the three victorious brothers then
drew lots for the division of the cosmos, Hades received the third
portion, the dark dismal realm
of the underworld, as his
domain.
Haides was depicted as a dark-
bearded, regal god. He was
depicted as either Aidoneus,
enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped sceptre, or as Plouton,
the giver of wealth, pouring fertility from a cornucopia. The Romans
named him Dis, or Pluto, the Latin form of his Greek title Plouton, "the
Lord of Riches."
Uranus
Uranus meaning "sky" or "heaven" was the primal Greek god
personifying the sky. His equivalent in Roman mythology was Caelus.
In Ancient Greek literature, Uranus or Father Sky was the son and
husband of Gaia, Mother Earth. According to Hesiod's Theogony,
Uranus was conceived by Gaia alone, but other sources cite Aether as
his father. Uranus and Gaia were the parents of the first generation of
Titans, and the ancestors of most of the Greek gods, but no cult
addressed directly to Uranus survived into Classical times, and Uranus
does not appear among the usual themes of Greek painted pottery.
Elemental Earth, Sky and Styx might be joined, however, in a solemn
invocation in Homeric epic.
Story 2 (Spartan war)
King Xerxes

17. Xerxes I of Persia, also known as Xerxes the Great, was the fourth of the king of the kings of the Achaemenid
Empire. He ruled from 486 BC until his murder in 465 BC at the hands of Artabanus, the commander of the
royal bodyguard. He is notable for his invasion of Greece in 480 BC.
His mother was Atossa, the daughter
of Cyrus the Great (who founded the
Achaemenid Empire). He was,
therefore, accepted as a great king
before having to prove himself so in
any way. Xerxes is celebrated for his
many building projects throughout his
empire but is best known, in both
ancient and modern sources, for the
massive expedition he mounted
against Greece in 480 BCE which, according to Herodotus, assembled the largest and most well equipped
fighting force ever put into the field up to that point. He was the son of Darius the Great (550-486 BCE) who,
in an effort to punish Athens for their support of the Ionian colonies' revolt against Persian rule, had invaded
Greece in 492 BCE. The Persians were defeated by the Greek forces at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE,
and Darius died in 486 BCE before he could mount another offensive. It therefore fell to his son to carry out
his father’s wishes and, in amassing an army of such size and strength, Xerxes felt confident of his success in
achieving what the great Darius had been unable to realize.

18. Artemisia
Artemisia I of Caria was queen of Halicarnusses, a city of Dorian
Greeks and Carians in about 480 BCE.
She fought for her overlord against the free Greek city states during
the second Persian invasion of Greece.
She personally commanded
her contribution of five ships at the
naval battle of Artemisium and in
the naval Battle of Salamis in 480
BCE.
She is mostly known through
the writings of Herodotus, who
praises her courage and the
respect in which Xerxes held her.

19. Spartan General (King
Leonidas)
During the opening phase of the Peloponnesian War (431-
422 BC), Sparta produced a commander that would shape
the tactics, strategy and personal conduct of military leaders
to follow. Both Xenophon and Alexander the Great must have
studied his campaigns, for his signature is indelibly marked
on their exploits. Although Lysander is the best known of the
Spartan commanders of the war, being the architect of final
victory, no other single Spartan exhibited the flexibility of
intellect, persuasiveness of oratory and bravery and skill in
combat. So exceptional
were his abilities that traditional, ultra-conservative Sparta did as much to
suppress his actions as did any Athenian foe. In a more modern context,
he may be compared to Rommel, a popular and chivalric general,
dispatched by his country to a remote theater of war, with an inadequate
force and little expectation of success. Like Rommel, he would astonish
enemy and friend with his victories, but unlike Rommel, he would ultimately
triumph.
Spartan weapon

20. Themistocles
Themistocles was born in a village named Phrearrhioi as the son of a
man named Neocles. His mother was a non-Athenian from Thrace
or Caria. According to Themistocles' biographer Plutarch of
Chaeronea, the young man "was of a vehement and impetuous
nature, of a quick apprehension, and a strong and aspiring bent for
action and great affairs", but this is probably nothing but a
retroprojection. In Antiquity, it was widely believed that great
statesmen already showed their qualities when they were still young.
It is only when Themistocles obtained the office of archontin 493/492
BCE that he becomes "visible" for us. After his tenure of this office,
he became member of the Areopagus, the influential council of former
magistrates.
In those years, Athens was involved in two major foreign
conflicts. The most important seemed to be the war with the island
Aegina, which could threaten Athenian commerce as it was situated
opposite the port of Athens, Phaleron. The other conflict was with the
Persian empire in the east. In the third quarter of the sixth century,
the Persian king Cyrus The Great (559-530) had conquered the
Greek cities of Asia Minor, but in 499, they had revolted against
king Darius l The Great (522-486), and Athens had briefly supported
the rebels.
Weapon of choices
The kopis sword was a one-handed weapon. The kopis had a single-edged blade that pitched forward towards
the point, the edge being concave on the part of the sword nearest the hilt, but swelling to convexity towards
the tip. This shape, often termed "recurved", distributes the weight in such a way that the kopis was capable of
delivering a blow with the momentum of an axe, whilst maintaining the long cutting edge of a sword and some
facility to execute a thrust.

21. The xiphos is a double-edged, one-handed Iron
Age Straight shortsword used by the ancient
Greeks. It was a secondary battlefield weapon
for the Greek armies after the dory or javelin.
The classic blade was generally about 50–60 cm
long, although the Spartans supposedly started
to use blades as short as 30 cm around the era
of the Greco-Persian Wars. The xiphos
sometimes has a midrib, or is diamond or
lenticular in cross-section. It was generally hung
from a baldric under the left arm. The xiphos was
generally used only when the spear was
discarded for close combat.
Movie inspiration to our roleplay

22. 1. While King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans have their date with destiny at Thermopylae,
another battle against the Persians is
brewing, this time at sea.
Themistocles (Sullivan Stapleton), a
Greek general, sees the threat posed
by the God-King Xerxes of Persia. He
knows that he must unite all of Greece
if he is to stand any chance of
repelling the Persian invasion. Even if
he accomplishes his mission,
Themistocles must still face Artemisia
(Eva Green), the ruthless leader of the
Persian armada.
2. Power-hungry King Hyperion (Mickey
Rourke) and his ruthless army march
across Greece, leaving burned-out
villages and the corpses of the
innocent in their wake. Hyperion's
goal is to find the long-lost Bow of
Epirus; with this invincible weapon, he
can cast the gods out of Mount
Olympus and become master of the
world. A stonemason named Theseus
(Henry Cavill) heeds the words of the
sibylline oracle (Freida Pinto), who convinces him that he is the key to stopping the
bloodthirsty king.
Official Script

23. Story 1 (Greek god war)
NARRATOR
IN THE BEGINNING THERE WAS ONLY CHAOS. THEN LOVE WAS BORN. FROM LOVE CAME LIGHT
AND DAY. ONCE THERE WAS LIGHT AND DAY, GAEA, THE EARTH WAS BORN.
GAEA ALONE GAVE BIRTH TO URANUS THE HEAVENS. URANUS BECAME GAEA’S MATE COVERING
HER ON ALL SIDES. TOGETHER THEY PRODUCED 3 CYCLOPS, 3 HECATONCHEIRES AND 12
TITANS.
SCENE 1
NARRATOR
URANUS WAS A BAD FATHER AND HUSBAND (URANUS SLAPS GAEA), HE HATED THE
HECATONCHEIRES AND IMPRISONED THEM BY PUSHING THEM INTO HIDDEN PLACES OF GAEA’S
WOMB. THIS ANGERED GAEA.
Gaea screams.
GAEA
How could you do this to our children?
They are of our own blood.
Uranus flings his hand angrily in the air.
URANUS
They are not my children.

24. GAEA
But we created them – You and I.
Uranus WALKS towards Gaea and--
LOOKS into her eyes.
URANUS
They are NOT my children. They are monsters.
Uranus PUSHES his children to the Earth
Gaea SCREAMS and CRIES.
GAEA
NO! NO!!
NARRATOR
SHE PLOTTED AGAINST URANUS.
Gaea goes to a corner and MAKES a sickle, and repeatedly HAMMERS the sickle.
Gaea WALKS towards her children.
GAEA
Your father has gone out of control.
We need to do something about it.
NARRATOR
ALL CHILDREN WERE TOO AFRAID EXCEPT THE YOUNGEST, CRONOS.

25. SCENE 2
Cronos KNOCKS on Gaea’s chamber, and enters.
CRONOS
Mother, may I have a word with you?
GAEA
Yes, child. What is it?
CRONOS
I agree that father has gone out of hand.
I am willing to take the risk to bring father down.
GAEA
I had a feeling you would say that.
Gaea WALKS towards the table where her sickle is placed.
GAEA
Here, I made this sickle. Use this to castrate
your father, while I bed him.
CRONOS
As you wish, mother.

26. SCENE 3
NARRATOR
AS URANUS LAYED WITH GAEA, CRONOS GRABBED
HIS FATHER AND CASTRATED HIM WITH THE SICKLE.
Cronos walks in on his parents making love.
Cronos pulls his father aside, and castrates him.
Uranus screams.
CRONOS
I am the new ruler of Mount Olympus.
You shall kneel before me.
Uranus KNEELS.
CRONOS
I sentence you, father to exile. You are no longer
welcomed at Mount Olympus.
URANUS
This is not the end. You will not see the last of me.
I swear to the Heaven’s to return with vengeance.

27. SCENE 4
NARRATOR
AFTER BEING CROWNED THE NEW RULER OF OLYMPUS, CRONOS WEDS HIS
SISTER, RHEA. HE RULED FOR MANY AGES. UNDER HIS RULE THE TITANS HAD
A LOT OF OFFSPRINGS. BUT ONE DAY HE RECEIVED A MESSAGE, ABOUT
HIS PROFECY. IT IS SAID THAT HE WOULD BE OVERTHRONE BY A SON.
Cronos BREATHES in heavily.
Cronos walks--
AIMLESSLY
And lets out ANGRY SIGHS.
CRONOS
Me, over-throned by my own son?
MESSENGER
Yes, sire.
What are you going to do?
CRONOS
Let it be known that any offspring
of mine that is born shall be eaten,
by me.
MESSENGER
Noted, sire.

28. SCENE 5
NARRATOR
CRONOS CALLS FOR A FAMILY MEETING.
Cronos speaks ARROGANTLY,--
WALKING back and forth.
CRONOS
I am eating the children tonight. One by one. Alive.
RHEA
Cronos! You are being delirious.
You are joking aren’t you?
Rhea LAUGHS in dismay.
CRONOS
No, Rhea. I am not.
Rhea STUNNED.
RHEA
What? Cronos, why? Why would you do that?
CRONOS

29. Today, I received news about my prophecy.
It is said that my throne would be
taken over by one of our son.
RHEA
No, Cronos you are not thinking straight. Don’t do this
just for a stupid throne! They are our children.
We raised them!
Rhea WALKS TOWARDS Cronos.
RHEA
We made them.
Cronos LOOKS at Rhea angrily.
CRONOS
But now I shall kill them.
RHEA
And you think by eating them you will be granted
with eternal royalty? You must be out of your mind!
Rhea kept silent and thought quietly.

30. RHEA
Do you remember our father, Uranus? Do you remember how
much you hated that man to a point where you castrated him?
Well, you are starting to turn into that monster our
father once was.
Cronos LOOKS at Rhea but ignores her sentence.
RHEA
Cronos, don’t do it.
Cronos is getting ready to EAT the 1st child.
RHEA
STOP.
The 1st child is already in Cronos’ mouth.
RHEA
NO! CRONOS! YOU ARE INSANE!
Rhea CRIES, with the face in her hands.
Cronos EATS his 5 offsprings. One by one.
NARRATOR
EVEN THOUGH RHEA WAS MAD AT CRONOS, SHE EVENTUALLY FORGAVE HIM FOR
HIS MISTAKES. SHE WAS ALSO PREGNANT WITH THEIR 6TH CHILD, BUT

31. SHE CHOSE NOT TO TELL HIM. RHEA DID NOT WANT THE SAME THING TO HAPPEN
TO HER 6TH CHILD SO DIRECTLY AFTER HER LABOUR, SHE HID HIM.
SCENE 6
NARRATOR
THE CHILD WAS NAMED ZEUS. ZEUS GREW UP OUTSIDE THE KINGDOM AND GREW UP TO BE VERY
STRONG AND POWERFUL. WHEN HE WAS IN HIS PRIME, HE WAS READY TO BATTLE HIS FATHER.
HE WAS GIVEN A DRINK BY METIS TO GIVE CRONOS, WHICH WILL MAKE HIS FATHER VOMIT
OUT ALL THE REST OF THE TITANS.
ZEUS RETURNED TO MOUNT OLYMPUS DISGUISED AS A CUP BEARER.
Zeus carried a drink in his hand and walked towards Cronos.
ZEUS
Your drink, sire.
CRONOS
Gone, with you!
Cronos DRINKS the drink.
Cronos felt nauseous. He looks uneasy.
Cronos VOMITS.
CRONOS
What was in the drink?

32. Zeus removes his disguise.
Zeus INTRODUCES himself.
ZEUS
I am Zeus, your only living child!
I have come here to reclaim my rights as
the heir of Mount Olympus, and free my siblings!
Zeus looks at his siblings, which are lying unconsciously on the floor.
ZEUS
Brothers and sisters, join me and defeat
our selfish father who showed us no love.
POSEIDON
For many years, we have suffered under the ruling
of Cronos, who is no father of ours. Whatever
the outcome, I shall fight by your side,
brother.
HADES
I too shall fight by your side. I am no
longer son of Cronos, or under the bloodline
of the Titans. I am with you. For now,
and forever.

33. POSEIDON
Mount Olympus shall belong only to the Gods, and
Titans no longer.
Cronos looks angry--
And screams.
CRONOS
Summon atlas and the Titans!
A WAR HAS BEGUN!
SCENE 7
NARRATOR
CRONOS AND HIS TITANS LEAD BY ATLAS ATTACKED THE GODS.
BUT THEY WERE DEFEATED.
Random fight scenes occur.
NARRATOR
The Gods won the war.
Zeus, Hades and Poseidon SIT on their respective thrones.
Cronos and the other Titans KNEEL before Zeus, Hades and Poseidon.
ZEUS

34. You were no match for the Gods.
HADES
We have won! Mount Olympus is ours.
POSEIDON
You would all be sentenced to the pit of Tartarus.
ZEUS
Except you, Atlas. You will be punished for your
treachery. You shall bear the weight of the
earth on your shoulders.
SCENE 8
NARRATOR
AFTER THE WAR, THE GODS HELD A MEETING TO DECIDE WHO SHALL RULE MOUNT OLYMPUS,
THE OCEAN AND THE UNDERWORLD.
ZEUS
Brother, I have come to you with a proposition. As your savior, I would
like to be the ruler of Mount Olympus and I have come to get your
blessings. In return, I would offer you the ocean as your
kingdom to rule.
POSEIDON

35. I appreciate the offer, but what about our
brother, Hades? It would be unjust if we were to
exclude him from this conversation.
ZEUS
Brother or not, someone has to be the ruler of the underworld,
and I take that you are not fond of the idea
of ruling the dead.
POSEIDON
I shall take the offer, but I’m afraid that Hades
would not be too pleased with our scheme.
ZEUS
Leave him to me.
NARRATOR
POSIDEN AND ZEUS TEAM UP AGAINST HADES TO TRICK HIM AND MAKE HIM THE CONQUEROR OF
THE UNDERWORLD. WHILE POSEIDON CONQUERED THE OCEAN AND ZEUS CONQUERS MOUNT
OLYMPUS.
Story 2 (Spartan war)

36. Legend:
- Narrator say
( ) Movement
 Points
Narrator: Jackie/ Vivien
Actor:
Themistocles: Alan
Leonidas: Choo
Artemesia: Vivien
Xerxes: Wilson
Warrior: WZ, Dean, Hiren,
1. Scene 1
-Narrator: King Darius ordered his army to attack Athens to spread his influences,
but he lost the battle.
-Narrator 20 years later, After king Darius died Xerxes( His son) launch another
attack to avenge his father.
• (Xerxes come out): My Father has been killed due to this tiny country I
must revenge to claim back my country’s glory
• Xerxes: Who is willing to be my general to crush Athens skulls on my feet
and bring back Themistocles head for me??!!
• (Everyone looking left and right and whispering)
• Xerxes: How about my favourite general Artemesia commander of Persia Fleet?
 Artemesia: As you wish my lord. I will forever be at your service. I will
not come back before I demolish Athen’s king palace.
 (Artemesia hate athenians very much)
2. Scene 2:
-At Athens they received a message that the great empire Persia is coming to

37. avenge their king.
 Chancellor: all of us are going to die, do you know how strong the
persian army are? We will all be killed like ants crushed by giants!
(Themistocles came out)
 Themitcoles: It is us who are going to crush Persian like ants!
 Chancellor: Themistocles, have you lost your mind?
 Themitocles: No I have not. We need silver! Silver found in of the
land Lavrion to build a metal fleet to defeat the Persian
 Themitocles : Gather all the slaves in Athens to build this fleet to
win this war. I shall travel to Sparta to seek help from King
Leonidas.
 Chancellor : Why travel to Sparta, my king?
 Themistocles : In the past, Sparta fought a war with their neighbors in
Messinia, they worked out a treaty and left to fight again some other day.
The Spartans returned and subjugated the entire population of Messinia,
reducing them to slaves or helots.
 Chancellor : Is it wise to ask for help from such a cruel nation?
 Themistocles : I believe my brother would help us.
3. Scene 3,
N : - Themitocles goes to Sparta to ask king Leonidas for help
 Themitocles: King Leonidas, Greece is in danger and we need your
help to hold off the Persian army so we can focus on our troops at
the sea.
 Chancellor of Sparta: Your country should bear the consequences of
your failure to eliminate the Persian Army 20 years ago. It is
your own undoing, this is your fight themistocles, not the
spartans!

38.  Leonidas: none of Spartan soldiers will shed blood for this war,
you’re on your own.
 Themitocles: Leonidas we’ve been brother for years, if you hide
behind your gates and fear death, the Persians will come for you
eventually. This is our fight.
 Leonidas: (thinking deeply)
4. Scene 4,
N : - Spartan’s king, Leonidas seek the advice on the war from the
oracle at Delphi
 Leonidas : I am Leonidas, King of Sparta. I have come to seek
answers. The Persian army are going to attack Athens. If I were to
help Athens in the war, what would become of my men?
 Oracle : Your men would perish in the hands of the Persians.
N : - King Leonidas thought about what the oracle said but decided
against it because he thinks both their countries would fall if he did
not lend a hand.
 Chancellor : I know what you’re up to, sire. I strongly advice
against it.
 Leonidas : I know what I’m doing. I am only bringing 300 of my
royal guards to walk with me because it is their duty to protect
me.
5. Scene 5,
N : - But in fact, Spartan’s King, Leonidas brought his 300 royal
guards and marched to Thermopylae to meet the Persian’s 10,000 soldier s
where they held them off so that themitocles can focus on his marine at
the sea.
N : - the Spartans did their pre-battle rituals starting with a naked
exercise, bathing in oil, combing each other’s long hair, engrave their
names on sticks which were attached on their arms.

39. (Leonidas and his soldier walk out)
 Leonidas: soldier! We were born for a reason ! we are here for a
reason, that scoundrel of a man over there want to destroy us! We
will crush them for our families, kill them for our loved ones,
and make them bleed for our king! if you’re a Spartan you need to
act like a Spartan!
 Leonidas : TROOPS! GET IN POSITION! !
N ：King Leonidas trained the heavily armed hoplite soldiers to
fight in a massive formation called a phalanx: standing shoulder to
shoulder, the men were protected by their neighbor's shield.
Leonidas : CHARGE!
(battle btw Leonidas and Persian troops)
6. Scene 6
N : A scout reported to Artemisia about the alliance between Sparta and Athens.
This worried Artemisia. She immediately reported to King Xerxes.
Artemesia : My King, there’s been word that Sparta has formed an
alliance with Athens and they are holding off our soldiers at
Thermopylae.
Xerxes : That should not worry us, we are stronger and larger in
number. Why do you fear them?
Artemesia : In Sparta, Men lived in barracks, male children were
taken from their mothers at a young age to learn how to serve the state.
Unhealthy children were killed or left to die. Life had one purpose
which is to defend the state.
Xerxes : Have you no faith in our soldiers or yourself, Artemesia?
You are a child of Persia. We have great history as conquerors instilled
in our blood. Do not fail me now.
7. Scene 6
N : -At the same time, King Xerxes arrived at Athen’s border and they fought a
marine war between Themitocles and Artemesia

40.  Artemesia: we have won countless of wars in the past, but we are
only as great as our last victory. Let the blood spilled on the
battlefield be the symbol of our great victory. Our children shall
speak of this day as we will go down in history as the greatest
army to have ever fought for Persia. I shall, with all my power,
lead this nation to victory.
 Themitocles: Though we may be smaller in size and lesser in
numbers but we are men of Athens and we shall arise to the name of
our fathers and bring glory to our nation.
N : - Themitocles is an intelligent man. The odds were not in his favour because
Persia has bigger and stronger fleets, hence he made use of the geographics of
athens to lure the Persian fleet into the narrow straits where their smaller ships
have more advantage.
 Themitocles : Lure the giant Persian fleet into the straits!
N : - The Athens soldier threw rocks at the Persian fleet and athens won their
very first fight.
• ( Xerxes watched the Athens soldiers sink 200 of the Persian fleet and he
was very crossed by it)
Xerxes : What is the meaning of this! We outnumbered them by ten thousands, why
are we losing this battle?
Chancellor : I do not know sire, they were held by the Spartans, it was almost
impossible for them to have defeated us.
Xerxes : This is ridiculous! What do you mean you do not know. This cannot happen!
Get lost! Get out of my sight, you useless scoundrel.
N : - After Athen’s first victory, Spartan’s General, Pausania alongside other
Greek city-states leaders joined in the war to defeat the Persian army during the
battle of Plataea.
Reference

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