2. What are the characteristics ofWhat are the characteristics of
Fungi?Fungi?
Most Multicellular (except yeast)
Eukaryotes – cells contain a nucleus
Heterotrophic – are consumers like
animals (eat food)
Most are decomposers (recycle)
Cell walls composed of chitin
3. Structures of FungiStructures of Fungi
Body made of mycelium (grows below
ground)
Fruiting body- part that reproduces (grows
above ground)
Mycelium and fruiting body made of
hyphae- string-like structures
5. III. Growth and ReproductionIII. Growth and Reproduction
Most Fungi develop from a spore into a hyphae,
then a mycelium
Spores are microscopic- they are everywhere!
1. Spores are easily carried by wind or animals
When conditions are favorable a fruiting body
can grow overnight!
1. Fungi like warm, moist environments
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
1. Sexually -Involves 2 mating types (+) and (-)
6. FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
HYPHAE FUSE
Fruiting body (N+N)
Button
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
Basidiospores
(N)
Zygote
(2N)
Basidia
(N + N)
Gills
lined with
basidia
Gills
Stalk
Base
Cap
Haploid
Diploid
Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a
Basidiomycete
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7. How are Fungi classified?How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on
structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black
bread mold
9. How are Fungi classified?How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on
structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black
bread mold
Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast
11. How are Fungi classified?How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on
structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black
bread mold
Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast
Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom
14. How are Fungi classified?How are Fungi classified?
Divided into major groups based on
structure and reproduction
Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black
bread mold
Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast
Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom
Deutermycota- The imperfect fungi (no known
sexual life cycle) ex: Penicillium
16. During the Revolutionary WarDuring the Revolutionary War
The British
lost more
ships to
fungal rot
than to
enemy fire
17. Ecology of FungiEcology of Fungi
Pioneer species- important for soil
formation
lichen- break down rock into soil; it is
symbiotic relationship between a fungus
and a photosynthetic organism
19. Lichen is a pioneer species
and help with the formation
of soil.
20. The acids in the lichens break down the
rock over time and these particles of rock
mix with dead lichen to form soil.
21.
22. Ecology of FungiEcology of Fungi
Pioneer species- important for soil
formation; break down rock into soil
lichen- very important pioneer species; it is
symbiotic relationship between a fungus and
a photosynthetic organism
Mycorrhizae- symbiotic relationship
between plants and fungus; plant gets
water and nutrients and fungus gets a
place to live on the roots of the plant
23.
24.
25. Ecology of FungiEcology of Fungi
Mycorrhizae- symbiotic relationship
between plants and fungus
Important in Baking and Brewing -making
bread and other products
30. Blue Cheese: Penicillium roquefortii is used in the manufacture of
blue cheeses e.g. Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, Danish Blue etc.
During the fermentation process the fungus spores are injected into the
curd. Growth of the fungus imparts a pleasant tang to the final
product. By the way, the blue in the blue-cheese is caused by the
pigment in the spores (conidia) of the fungus. So, when you eat blue
cheese you are consuming spores by the million.