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Interpreting ‘Geographical Media’
using TPQEEL
Model Response: Hampton Beach, Hampton, Melbourne
*”’Geographical Media’=
the methods that geographical data is presented: maps, graphs, tables, videos”
Linking
Explanation
Exception
Quantification
Topic
Pattern
Linking Sentence:
This ‘sentence’ links back to, and allows you to summarize
your interpretation of the Geographic Media being viewed.
Explanation of the Geographic Media:
What is the importance of the Geographic Media compiled
and presented to you?
Exception(s) to the rule:
There are often instances (it is to be expected) where some
‘thing’ doesn’t fit the overall ‘pattern’ – identify it!
Quantification of the ‘Geographic Media’:
The addition of ‘numbers’. Specific numerical detail(s) and
definition(s) to the ‘pattern(s)’ observed.
Topic Sentence:
A ‘sentence’ that states the main idea and/or reason for
the existence of the specific Geographic Media.
The General Pattern:
At first view of a piece of Geographic Media, what stands
out; what makes an impression?
By reading your TPQEEL, other people should be able to understand the data you are
describing without needing to see the original Geographical Media i.e. map, graph, table.
Geographers gather DATA (unorganized information) to help them analyse and understand
the world around us. The ‘DATA IS ORGANIZED’ (into information) and is represented by
various and appropriate ‘GEOGRAPHICAL MEDIA’: graphs, maps, tables.
The VISUAL REPRESENTATION of data/information, serves two (2) purposes:
• You can begin to PROCESS (understand) the data/information by categorizing and
classifying it so that it is easier to understand.
• The NEW REPRESENTATION can allow a clearer ANALYSIS of what the data/information is
relaying.
You are now able to GENERALIZE and see the ‘most important’ features of the
data/information.
This makes it easier to COMPARE and CONTRAST different aspects of the data/information
and to draw CONCLUSIONS from these observations.
COMPARE
To see the similarity (between/amongst)
CONTRAST
To see the difference (between/amongst)
TAKE NOTES!
Describe it!
LOOK at the Geographic Media.
OBSERVE its data.
• BOLTSS?
• What is ‘the data’ ‘informing us’ of?
• What is ‘Climate Change’?
• What is ‘Mortality’?
• What do the colours mean?
1: PATTERNS
Make a PREDICTION about the GEOGRAPHIC
MEDIA’s main idea or meaning.
• Look at the TITLE.
• Look at the LEGEND/KEY.
• Look at the CONTENT.
• IDENTITY any immediate PATTERNS.
2: IMPORTANT DATA/INFORMATION
• What does the TITLE tell us?
• What does the LEGEND/KEY tell us?
• What do the NUMBERS tell us?
• Highest/lowest?
• Largest/smallest?
• Is there anything similar/ different/
irregular?
3: INTERPRETATION
• Consider what you already know about the topic.
• What does this data/information tell you in relation to what you already know?
• Why is this data/information important?
• How do you interpret the data/information in relation to what you already know?
• What conclusion can you make?
4: PLAN your response in accordance with: T.P.Q.E.E.L
This can be done in DOT POINTS or a BRAINSTORM.
TOPIC – PATTERN – QUANTIFICATION – EXCEPTION – EXPLANATION - LINKING
A ‘Topic Sentence’ is sometimes referred to as a ‘Focus Sentence’.
A ‘Topic Sentence’ is usually the first sentence in a paragraph.
A ‘Topic Sentence’ essentially tells the reader what the rest of the paragraph is about.
All ‘sentences’ following the ‘Topic Sentence’ have to give more information about
the ‘Topic Sentence’; state the FACTS it presents or describe it.
Every ‘Topic Sentence’ will have a ‘Controlling Idea’.
The ‘Controlling Idea’ shows the direction the paragraph will take.
Examples:
Topic Sentence: To be an effective Geographer requires certain characteristics.
• The Topic: ‘To be an effective Geographer’
• The Controlling Idea: ‘requires certain characteristics’
Topic Sentence: There are many possible contributing factors to global warming.
• The Topic: ‘Contributing factors to global warming’
• The Controlling Idea: ‘many possible reasons’
Topic Sentence: There are many reasons why pollution in Port Phillip Bay is at its worst.
• The Topic: ‘Pollution in Port Phillip Bay is at its worse’
• The Controlling Idea: ‘many reasons’
Topic Sentence:
A ‘sentence’ that states the main idea and/or reason for the existence of the specific Geographic Media.
Look at your ‘Geographic Media’.
Overall, WHAT do you notice?
ON A MAP
It may be the predominant shade
tone.
ON A GRAPH
It is likely to be the shape of the
line, the height, colour, design of a
particular bar.
IN A TABLE
It is likely to be the significantly
higher or lower numbers in a
category.
It is this GENERAL PATTERN
that you are describing initially.
The colour ‘green’ is predominant on the map.
What information is the colour ‘green’ relaying?
• What relationship(s) do the other colours have
to the colour green?
• The colour ‘red’ is the least present.
 What similarities has ‘red’ with ‘green’?
 What differences has ‘red’ with ‘green’?
The General Pattern:
At first view of a piece of Geographic Media, what stands out; what makes an impression?
You have observed the GENERAL PATTERN of the Geographical Media.
The colour ‘green’ is predominant on the map.
Now interpret the GENERAL PATTERN with quantifying data i.e. ‘numerical’ qualifiers.
Quantification of the ‘Geographic Media’:
The addition of ‘numbers’. Specific numerical detail(s) and definition(s) to the ‘pattern(s)’ observed.
What seems to be DIFFERENT from the GENERAL
PATTERN?
What doesn’t seem to FIT?
Why doesn’t it FIT?
An EXCEPTION is something that is ‘excluded’ (not
included) from a ‘general statement/ observation’ as it
doesn’t seem to follow the rule.
Stating the EXCEPTION(S) allows you and others to ask more specific
questions and draw conclusions later.
Be specific about the EXCEPTION.
Describe where it STARTS and where it ENDS.
If there really is NO SINGLE piece of data that stands out, then simply write/say:
‘There is no exception to this trend.’
Be sure, be careful, because more often than not there is an anomaly/irregularity about the DATA.
Exception(s) to the rule:
There are often instances (it is to be expected) where some ‘thing’ doesn’t fit the overall ‘pattern’ –
identify it!
Why is the DATA/INFORMATION important?
What does the DATA/INFORMATION tell us via the GEOGRAPHICAL MEDIA?
If there was an ORIGINAL QUESTION or TASK….
How does the DATA/INFORMATION answer the ORIGINAL QUESTIONS or TASK?
EXPLAIN
- what you are being asked –
ANSWER
- the ‘Why’ reason(s) or ‘How’ reason(s) –
(there might me ONE reason or SEVERAL reasons; answer each individually and clearly)
CONCLUDE
- Having presented the ‘Why(s)/How(s)’ state your
o Opinion,
o General observation
Explanation of the Geographic Media:
What is the importance of the Geographic Media compiled and presented to you?
This should summarise your interpretation/suggestion of the DATA/INFORMATION
and
LINK it to the ORIGINAL QUESTION / GEOGRAPHICAL MEDIA / QUERY.
Linking Sentence:
This ‘sentence’ links back to, and allows you to summarize your interpretation of the Geographic Media
being viewed.
Geographical Terminology that you can use when describing a PATTERN:
increase, decrease, gradual, rapid, trend, inverse, minor, major, steady, fluctuate, plateau,
even, uneven, dense, sparse, concentrated and like.
ALWAYS:
Refer to the TITLE of the Geographic Media that you are describing.
Geographical Terminology that you can use when QUANTIFYING:
On graphs/tables:
use the units of measurement: degrees, Celsius, metres, dollars, euro, percentages, etc
On a Map:
hemispheres, continents, regions, directions, bodies of water, names of countries, etc
Geographical Terminology that you can use when stating an EXCEPTION:
• Be specific about the exception.
• Use data/information from the graph/map/table to precisely describe the
anomaly/irregularity.
ALWAYS:
Refer to the TITLE of the Geographic Media that you are describing.
Example:
Hampton Beach
The next few slides, using HAMPTON BEACH as an example,
will outline the process for interpreting data using the
T.P.Q.E.E.L. Structure, with a model question.
Hampton
BeachUsing Source 1: Seasonal longshore
drift at Hampton Beach, Port Phillip
Bay, evaluate the impact of man-
made coastal management strategies
on the natural processes at Hampton
Beach.
Source 1:
TOPIC SENTENCE
Topic Sentence:
A ‘sentence’ that states the main idea and/or reason for the existence of the specific Geographic Media.
Source 1:
Model Topic Sentence
Source 1: ‘Seasonal longshore drift at Hampton Beach, Port
Phillip Bay’, demonstrates the impact of man-made coastal
management strategies on the natural process of seasonal
longshore drift at Hampton Beach. During Summer the direction
is North-West and in Winter, South-East.
PATTERN
The General Pattern:
At first view of a piece of Geographic Media, what stands out; what makes an impression?
Source 1:
Model ‘Pattern’ Response
Overall, this map highlights that the seasonal direction of the
prevailing wind determines the direction of the longshore drift
and therefore the direction of sand build up along the coast.
The Summer build up is indicated by the ‘purple’ arrows and the
Winter build up is indicated by the ‘green’ arrows.
Example sentence starters:
• The overall pattern of X could be described as uneven/even;
• This graph shows/demonstrates/highlights/exemplifies/
illustrates/supports the idea that….
QUANTIFICATION
Quantification of the ‘Geographic Media’:
The addition of ‘numbers’. Specific numerical detail(s) and definition(s) to the ‘pattern(s)’ observed.
Source 1:
Model ‘Quantification’
ResponseSource 1, demonstrates how the Marina breakwater interrupts
this natural process. As shown in Source 1 by the ‘purple’ arrow,
the wind directs the swash towards the beach in a north-westerly
direction causing longshore drift to transport sand north along
the beach in Summer. However, in Winter, the wind direction is
altered; the sand is transported and built up in the southeast of
the beach.
The ‘green’ arrow at ‘Sandringham Harbour’ illustrates that some
of the southern build up of sand that occurs in Winter is trapped
in the Harbour and is not able to move north in Summer. This is
made clear by the greater width of the beach in the south of the
coast compared to the north. According to this map (Source 1),
the south beach is approximately 100m wider than the north
beach.
EXCEPTION
Exception(s) to the rule:
There are often instances (it is to be expected) where some ‘thing’ doesn’t fit the overall ‘pattern’ –
identify it!
Source 1:
Model ‘Exception’ Response
However, it should be noted that some sand is not trapped and is
able to follow the natural process of moving north in Summer.
This suggests that the strength of the longshore drift in Summer
is able to overcome the man-made barrier of the Marina
breakwater.
EXPLANATION
Explanation of the Geographic Media:
What is the importance of the Geographic Media compiled and presented to you?
Source 1:
Model ‘Explanation’
ResponseA possible reason for this build of sand in the south of Hampton
Beach is the Marina breakwater. While all sand is transported
south in Winter by longshore drift, some sand is trapped in the
Harbour and is not moved north by the changed prevailing wind
in Summer. However, some sand is transported north in the
Summer. This suggests that the strength of the longshore drift in
Summer is able to overcome the man-made barrier of the Marina
breakwater.
Example sentence starters:
• These results suggest that/this can be explained by;
• A possible reason/some possible reasons for this are…
LINKING SENTENCE
Linking Sentence:
This ‘sentence’ links back to, and allows you to summarize your interpretation of the Geographic Media
being viewed.
Source 1:
Model ‘Linking’ Response
While the seasonal direction of the prevailing wind and therefore
longshore drift, affects the direction of the build up of sand along
Hampton Beach, man-made coastal management strategies such
as the breakwater also have a great impact on these natural
processes.
What is a 'Topic Sentence'?
Poster: Climate Change Hurts: Fabrica
Copy and paste into URL (Data Analysis: Word Sheet):
vanweringh9.wikispaces.com/file/view/Data+analysisPQE.doc

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Interpreting ‘Geographical Media’ using TPQEEL - Model Response: Hampton Beach, Hampton, Melbourne

  • 1. Interpreting ‘Geographical Media’ using TPQEEL Model Response: Hampton Beach, Hampton, Melbourne *”’Geographical Media’= the methods that geographical data is presented: maps, graphs, tables, videos”
  • 2. Linking Explanation Exception Quantification Topic Pattern Linking Sentence: This ‘sentence’ links back to, and allows you to summarize your interpretation of the Geographic Media being viewed. Explanation of the Geographic Media: What is the importance of the Geographic Media compiled and presented to you? Exception(s) to the rule: There are often instances (it is to be expected) where some ‘thing’ doesn’t fit the overall ‘pattern’ – identify it! Quantification of the ‘Geographic Media’: The addition of ‘numbers’. Specific numerical detail(s) and definition(s) to the ‘pattern(s)’ observed. Topic Sentence: A ‘sentence’ that states the main idea and/or reason for the existence of the specific Geographic Media. The General Pattern: At first view of a piece of Geographic Media, what stands out; what makes an impression?
  • 3. By reading your TPQEEL, other people should be able to understand the data you are describing without needing to see the original Geographical Media i.e. map, graph, table. Geographers gather DATA (unorganized information) to help them analyse and understand the world around us. The ‘DATA IS ORGANIZED’ (into information) and is represented by various and appropriate ‘GEOGRAPHICAL MEDIA’: graphs, maps, tables. The VISUAL REPRESENTATION of data/information, serves two (2) purposes: • You can begin to PROCESS (understand) the data/information by categorizing and classifying it so that it is easier to understand. • The NEW REPRESENTATION can allow a clearer ANALYSIS of what the data/information is relaying. You are now able to GENERALIZE and see the ‘most important’ features of the data/information. This makes it easier to COMPARE and CONTRAST different aspects of the data/information and to draw CONCLUSIONS from these observations. COMPARE To see the similarity (between/amongst) CONTRAST To see the difference (between/amongst)
  • 5. LOOK at the Geographic Media. OBSERVE its data. • BOLTSS? • What is ‘the data’ ‘informing us’ of? • What is ‘Climate Change’? • What is ‘Mortality’? • What do the colours mean?
  • 6. 1: PATTERNS Make a PREDICTION about the GEOGRAPHIC MEDIA’s main idea or meaning. • Look at the TITLE. • Look at the LEGEND/KEY. • Look at the CONTENT. • IDENTITY any immediate PATTERNS. 2: IMPORTANT DATA/INFORMATION • What does the TITLE tell us? • What does the LEGEND/KEY tell us? • What do the NUMBERS tell us? • Highest/lowest? • Largest/smallest? • Is there anything similar/ different/ irregular? 3: INTERPRETATION • Consider what you already know about the topic. • What does this data/information tell you in relation to what you already know? • Why is this data/information important? • How do you interpret the data/information in relation to what you already know? • What conclusion can you make? 4: PLAN your response in accordance with: T.P.Q.E.E.L This can be done in DOT POINTS or a BRAINSTORM. TOPIC – PATTERN – QUANTIFICATION – EXCEPTION – EXPLANATION - LINKING
  • 7. A ‘Topic Sentence’ is sometimes referred to as a ‘Focus Sentence’. A ‘Topic Sentence’ is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. A ‘Topic Sentence’ essentially tells the reader what the rest of the paragraph is about. All ‘sentences’ following the ‘Topic Sentence’ have to give more information about the ‘Topic Sentence’; state the FACTS it presents or describe it. Every ‘Topic Sentence’ will have a ‘Controlling Idea’. The ‘Controlling Idea’ shows the direction the paragraph will take. Examples: Topic Sentence: To be an effective Geographer requires certain characteristics. • The Topic: ‘To be an effective Geographer’ • The Controlling Idea: ‘requires certain characteristics’ Topic Sentence: There are many possible contributing factors to global warming. • The Topic: ‘Contributing factors to global warming’ • The Controlling Idea: ‘many possible reasons’ Topic Sentence: There are many reasons why pollution in Port Phillip Bay is at its worst. • The Topic: ‘Pollution in Port Phillip Bay is at its worse’ • The Controlling Idea: ‘many reasons’ Topic Sentence: A ‘sentence’ that states the main idea and/or reason for the existence of the specific Geographic Media.
  • 8. Look at your ‘Geographic Media’. Overall, WHAT do you notice? ON A MAP It may be the predominant shade tone. ON A GRAPH It is likely to be the shape of the line, the height, colour, design of a particular bar. IN A TABLE It is likely to be the significantly higher or lower numbers in a category. It is this GENERAL PATTERN that you are describing initially. The colour ‘green’ is predominant on the map. What information is the colour ‘green’ relaying? • What relationship(s) do the other colours have to the colour green? • The colour ‘red’ is the least present.  What similarities has ‘red’ with ‘green’?  What differences has ‘red’ with ‘green’? The General Pattern: At first view of a piece of Geographic Media, what stands out; what makes an impression?
  • 9. You have observed the GENERAL PATTERN of the Geographical Media. The colour ‘green’ is predominant on the map. Now interpret the GENERAL PATTERN with quantifying data i.e. ‘numerical’ qualifiers. Quantification of the ‘Geographic Media’: The addition of ‘numbers’. Specific numerical detail(s) and definition(s) to the ‘pattern(s)’ observed.
  • 10. What seems to be DIFFERENT from the GENERAL PATTERN? What doesn’t seem to FIT? Why doesn’t it FIT? An EXCEPTION is something that is ‘excluded’ (not included) from a ‘general statement/ observation’ as it doesn’t seem to follow the rule. Stating the EXCEPTION(S) allows you and others to ask more specific questions and draw conclusions later. Be specific about the EXCEPTION. Describe where it STARTS and where it ENDS. If there really is NO SINGLE piece of data that stands out, then simply write/say: ‘There is no exception to this trend.’ Be sure, be careful, because more often than not there is an anomaly/irregularity about the DATA. Exception(s) to the rule: There are often instances (it is to be expected) where some ‘thing’ doesn’t fit the overall ‘pattern’ – identify it!
  • 11. Why is the DATA/INFORMATION important? What does the DATA/INFORMATION tell us via the GEOGRAPHICAL MEDIA? If there was an ORIGINAL QUESTION or TASK…. How does the DATA/INFORMATION answer the ORIGINAL QUESTIONS or TASK? EXPLAIN - what you are being asked – ANSWER - the ‘Why’ reason(s) or ‘How’ reason(s) – (there might me ONE reason or SEVERAL reasons; answer each individually and clearly) CONCLUDE - Having presented the ‘Why(s)/How(s)’ state your o Opinion, o General observation Explanation of the Geographic Media: What is the importance of the Geographic Media compiled and presented to you?
  • 12. This should summarise your interpretation/suggestion of the DATA/INFORMATION and LINK it to the ORIGINAL QUESTION / GEOGRAPHICAL MEDIA / QUERY. Linking Sentence: This ‘sentence’ links back to, and allows you to summarize your interpretation of the Geographic Media being viewed.
  • 13. Geographical Terminology that you can use when describing a PATTERN: increase, decrease, gradual, rapid, trend, inverse, minor, major, steady, fluctuate, plateau, even, uneven, dense, sparse, concentrated and like. ALWAYS: Refer to the TITLE of the Geographic Media that you are describing. Geographical Terminology that you can use when QUANTIFYING: On graphs/tables: use the units of measurement: degrees, Celsius, metres, dollars, euro, percentages, etc On a Map: hemispheres, continents, regions, directions, bodies of water, names of countries, etc Geographical Terminology that you can use when stating an EXCEPTION: • Be specific about the exception. • Use data/information from the graph/map/table to precisely describe the anomaly/irregularity. ALWAYS: Refer to the TITLE of the Geographic Media that you are describing.
  • 14. Example: Hampton Beach The next few slides, using HAMPTON BEACH as an example, will outline the process for interpreting data using the T.P.Q.E.E.L. Structure, with a model question.
  • 15. Hampton BeachUsing Source 1: Seasonal longshore drift at Hampton Beach, Port Phillip Bay, evaluate the impact of man- made coastal management strategies on the natural processes at Hampton Beach. Source 1:
  • 16. TOPIC SENTENCE Topic Sentence: A ‘sentence’ that states the main idea and/or reason for the existence of the specific Geographic Media. Source 1: Model Topic Sentence Source 1: ‘Seasonal longshore drift at Hampton Beach, Port Phillip Bay’, demonstrates the impact of man-made coastal management strategies on the natural process of seasonal longshore drift at Hampton Beach. During Summer the direction is North-West and in Winter, South-East.
  • 17. PATTERN The General Pattern: At first view of a piece of Geographic Media, what stands out; what makes an impression? Source 1: Model ‘Pattern’ Response Overall, this map highlights that the seasonal direction of the prevailing wind determines the direction of the longshore drift and therefore the direction of sand build up along the coast. The Summer build up is indicated by the ‘purple’ arrows and the Winter build up is indicated by the ‘green’ arrows. Example sentence starters: • The overall pattern of X could be described as uneven/even; • This graph shows/demonstrates/highlights/exemplifies/ illustrates/supports the idea that….
  • 18. QUANTIFICATION Quantification of the ‘Geographic Media’: The addition of ‘numbers’. Specific numerical detail(s) and definition(s) to the ‘pattern(s)’ observed. Source 1: Model ‘Quantification’ ResponseSource 1, demonstrates how the Marina breakwater interrupts this natural process. As shown in Source 1 by the ‘purple’ arrow, the wind directs the swash towards the beach in a north-westerly direction causing longshore drift to transport sand north along the beach in Summer. However, in Winter, the wind direction is altered; the sand is transported and built up in the southeast of the beach. The ‘green’ arrow at ‘Sandringham Harbour’ illustrates that some of the southern build up of sand that occurs in Winter is trapped in the Harbour and is not able to move north in Summer. This is made clear by the greater width of the beach in the south of the coast compared to the north. According to this map (Source 1), the south beach is approximately 100m wider than the north beach.
  • 19. EXCEPTION Exception(s) to the rule: There are often instances (it is to be expected) where some ‘thing’ doesn’t fit the overall ‘pattern’ – identify it! Source 1: Model ‘Exception’ Response However, it should be noted that some sand is not trapped and is able to follow the natural process of moving north in Summer. This suggests that the strength of the longshore drift in Summer is able to overcome the man-made barrier of the Marina breakwater.
  • 20. EXPLANATION Explanation of the Geographic Media: What is the importance of the Geographic Media compiled and presented to you? Source 1: Model ‘Explanation’ ResponseA possible reason for this build of sand in the south of Hampton Beach is the Marina breakwater. While all sand is transported south in Winter by longshore drift, some sand is trapped in the Harbour and is not moved north by the changed prevailing wind in Summer. However, some sand is transported north in the Summer. This suggests that the strength of the longshore drift in Summer is able to overcome the man-made barrier of the Marina breakwater. Example sentence starters: • These results suggest that/this can be explained by; • A possible reason/some possible reasons for this are…
  • 21. LINKING SENTENCE Linking Sentence: This ‘sentence’ links back to, and allows you to summarize your interpretation of the Geographic Media being viewed. Source 1: Model ‘Linking’ Response While the seasonal direction of the prevailing wind and therefore longshore drift, affects the direction of the build up of sand along Hampton Beach, man-made coastal management strategies such as the breakwater also have a great impact on these natural processes.
  • 22. What is a 'Topic Sentence'? Poster: Climate Change Hurts: Fabrica Copy and paste into URL (Data Analysis: Word Sheet): vanweringh9.wikispaces.com/file/view/Data+analysisPQE.doc