Сначала мы разберемся в том, что представляют собой встраиваемые системы и какие существуют тенденции в их развитии. Затем плавно перейдём на встраиваемые системы в FreeBSD, узнаем их сильные и слабые стороны и то, как они отвечают на вызовы рынка.

1. FreeBSD & The
Embedded World
RUSLAN BUKIN
MACHDEP, INC.

2. What does mean Embedded?
 Small size
 Single function
 Low power
 Limited Software
 System-on-chip (highly integrated)
 No standard components

3. Today’s technologies
 ARM, MIPS, PowerPC
 Fabless (produces processor technology/design only)
 Freescale, Qualcomm, Samsung, Apple, many more…
 40nm, 28nm, 20nm, 14nm
 1-4 cores, 2Ghz, <2W
 SATA 3, USB 3.0, PCI-E, HDMI, eDP, i2c, …
 MMU, caches, DDR3, GPU, NAND

4. Embedded World tomorrow
 2020 year - 20 billion devices (DST, McKinsey)
 5b people
 $200b/year ad market
 $3 trillion IT companies capitalization
 SoC are smallest as we can imagine
 No longer simple

5. Industry trends
 Microserver ($10b market, low power, ARMv8, next year)
 Facebook Open Compute Project goes ARM
 ARM on desktop computing (small boards, chromebook)
 Virtualization (Xen, KVM on ARM fast models)

6. Industry trends: low power
 Low power more important than speed
 Heterogeneous System-On-Chip (SoC)
 Texas Instruments OMAP5 - Cortex A15/M4
 Freescale Vybrid Family - Cortex A5/M4
 Samsung Exynos 5 - Cortex A15/A7 (big.LITTLE)

7. Market requirements
 Hardware
 Low energy consumption
 Acceleration engines
oGPU
oMultimedia (Face detect, DSP, Image processing)
oNetwork packet processing (packet classification/manipulation)
 Software
 Time-to-market
 Reliability
 License availability

8. ARMv7 Server
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Calxeda ECX-2000
4U server
288 quad-core SoC’s
1152 cores
5 x 10Gbe network
5W per processor

9. ARM Desktop
 4 x 1.6Ghz Cortex A15
 4 x 1Ghz Cortex A7
 SATA, HDMI, USB 3.0, etc..
 MIPI DSI, eMMC

10. Embedded FreeBSD
 ARM, MIPS and PowerPC
 ARM v5: ARM7, ARM9, ARM10 (legacy)
 ARM v6: ARM11 (legacy)
 ARM v7: Cortex A-family
 SMP (symmetric multi processing)
 NAND framework, NANDFS (bad blk manager, ECC)
 Lot of popular community boards (Raspberry PI, Panda,…)

11. Embedded FreeBSD strengths
 BSD license
 Easy to build complete OS
 Flattened Device Tree (FDT)
 Drivers API (fdtbus, bus_dma, bus_space)
 LLVM/clang or External toolchain
 ATF stress testing framework
 Code style
 U-boot loader (ubldr)

12. Embedded FreeBSD weakness
 Bugs, not optimized, production not ready
 No packages for ARM
 Tier1 todo:
 Add support for hard-float ABI
 Fix jemalloc issues
 Fix SMP
 Fix the endian issue
 Prepare for release engineering

13. Embedded FreeBSD challenge
 Linux Everywhere
 Linux users doesn’t care about GPL
 Does BSD license matter for embedded?
How to be relevant?
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Make ARM Tier1
Look forward to ARM servers
Follow the industry needs (and not blindly create new port)
Make GENERIC kernel
More developers

14. FreeBSD/ARM Embedded
 500 Mhz Cortex A5/M4
 256Mb RAM
 128Mb NAND
 USB, LCD, 2 x Ethernet
 i2c, i2s, GPIO, etc…

15. FreeBSD/MIPS Embedded
 400 Mhz Atheros MIPS
 64Mb RAM
 NAND
 USB 2.0
 2 x Ethernet
 Wi-Fi

16. Recent work & activity
 Porting to Qualcomm Krait (work in progress)
 GENERIC kernel (work in progress)
 Added support for Heterogeneous A5/M4 Freescale Vybrid
Family and i.MX6
 Introduced Superpages for ARM

17. FreeBSD & The Embedded World
Thanks!
br@FreeBSD.org
br@machdep.com