1. vfB tyf u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL sfg'gdf
pkef]Qmfsf] clwsf/
PlsGb| k|;fb ltldN;]gf
vfB cg';Gwfg clws[t
vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu,
aa/dxn sf7df8f}+
1

2. e"ldsf
• vfB kbfy{ hLjgnfO{ geO{ gx'g] ePsf]n] j}lbs
sfnb]lv g} vfB :jR5tf sfod /fVg] ;DaGwdf ljleGg
wfld{s Aoj:yf ePsf] kfOG5 .
• vfBdf ld;fj6nfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L pkef]Qmf :jf:Yo tyf
;'ljwf sfod /fVgsf nflu vfB P]gsf] Aoj:yf ;j{k|yd ;g
!*^@ df a]nfotdf ePsf] lyof] .
• g]kfndf vfB P]g, @)@# tyf vfB lgodfjnL, @)@&
sf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
• vfB P]g, @)@# g} g]kfndf pkef]Qmf ;+/If0fsf]
If]qdf ag]sf] klxnf] sfg"g xf] .
2

3. vfB P]g @)@#
k|:tfjgfM
æ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] :jf:Yo tyf ;'ljwf sfod
/fVg, vfB kbfy{df s'g} cjf~5gLo ld;fj6
/f]Sg jf vfB kbfy{df /x]sf] :jefljs s'g} u'0f jf
pkof]lutf 36fpg jf lemSg gkfpg] ug{ / vfB
kbfy{sf] plrt :t/ agfO{ /fVgsf] lgldQ
sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n]Æ
eGg] pNn]lvt 5 .
3

4. vfB P]gdf ePsf d'Vo k|fjwfg
 b'ifLt, Go'g:t/sf, P]gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] u'0f:t/ ljk/Lt /
u'0f:t/ 9fF6L vfB kbfy{ ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ gkfOg]
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] vfB kbfy{sf] u'0f:t/ tf]sL /fhkqdf k|sflzt ug]{
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] vfB kbfy{sf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{ vfB :t/
lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]
 vfB kbfy{sf] k/LIf0f tf]lsPsf] cg';Gwfgzfnfjf6 / tf]lsPsf]
clwsf/Ljf6 x'g]
 vfB P]g ljkl/tsf] d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL e} lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nodf rNg]
 vfB P]g, lgodljkl/t sfo{ ug]{ pTkfbs, ljt/s tyf lgsf;L
k}7f/Lstf{ nfO{ ;hfosf] Aoj:yfsf] Aoj:yf ePsf]
4

5. ;hfo
 Go"g:t/sf] vfB kbfy{ pTkfbg, laqmL ljt/0f, lgsf;L jf
k}7f/L ug]{ JolQmnfO{ klxnf] k6s ?=!,))). b]lv
?=@,))).–;Dd hl/jfgf / bf];|f] k6s b]lv k|To]s k6s ?=
@,))).– b]lv ?= %,))).– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf ^ dxLgfb]lv ! jif{ ;Dd
s}b jf b'a} ;hfo x'g ;Sg]
 b'lift vfB kbfy{ pTkfbg, laqmL, ljt/0f, lgsf;L jf k}7f/L
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ?= %))).– b]lv ?= !),))).– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf !
jif{b]lv @ jif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg]
 s'g} b"lift vfB kbfy{ vfgfn] s'g} JolQmsf] d[To" x'g]
;Defjgf ePdf jf d[To" ePdf jf z/L/nfO{ ck"/0fLo IftL
ePdf jf x'g] ;Defjgf ePdf To:tf] b'lift vfB kbfy{ pTkfbg jf
laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ?= !),))).– b]lv ?= @%,))).–
;Dd hl/jfgf / # jif{;Dd s}b x'g ;Sg]
 ;f] b"lift vfB kbfy{af6 k|efljt JolQm jf lghsf] xsbf/nfO{ 5

6. vfB lgodfjnLdf ePsf k|d'v Joj:yf
 vfB kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, ljlqm ljt/0f, ;+ro jf k|zf]wg ug{ rfxg]
JolQmn] cg'1fkq lng' kg]{
 P]g, lgod ljkl/t kfOPdf lgoddf tf]lsPsf k|=lh=c= sf] :jLs[tL
lnO{ vfB kbfy{sf] ljqmL ljt/0fdf /f]s nufpg ;Sg]
 ;?jf tyf ;+qmfds /f]u nfu]sf] JolQmjf6 vfB kbfy{Sf] pTkfbg
/ ljqmL sfo{ /f]Sg]
 ;8]un]sf] vfB kbfy{ :yfgLo gLsfosf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df gi6
ug{ ;Sg] h:tf clwsf/sf] k|of]hgsf ;fy} d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg txlssft
ug]{ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Lx? vfB lg/LIfsnfO{ lbOPsf]
 Kofs ul/Psf] vfB kbfy{df vfB n]jn nufOg'kg]{M n]jndf vfB
kbfy{sf] ljj/0f, pBf]usf] 7]ufgf, vfB j:t'sf] kl/0ffd, pTkfbg /
pkef]u ul/;Sg' kg]{ ldlt, kl//IfL (preservative) k|of]u ePsf] eP
;f] sf] ljj/0f pNn]v x'g'kg]{

7. vfB P]g lgodsf] k|of]u ;+u
;DalGwt ljleGg lgsfox?sf] e"dLsf
k|=lh=c=
;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no
:yfgLo lgsfo
gful/s ;dfh
pBf]u ljefu / 3/]n tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu
vfB pBdL
7

8. vfB :jR5tf;+u ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o
;+3;+:yfx?
• ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7g (FAO)
– ;g !($% df FAO n] vfB tyf s[lif;+u ;DalGwt
u'0f:t/ dfkb08x? ;'wf/ tyf kl/dfh{g ug{sf nflu
;xof]u k'/ofPsf]
• sf]8]S;
• o'/f]k]nL ;+3
• ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g
8

9. sf]8]S;df pkef]Qmf ;+/If0fsf s'/f
;g !(^) df sf]8]S;sf] wf/f ! df pkef]Qmf
;+/If0fsf] lgDg s'/f pNn]v ePsf]
• pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yo ;+/If0f
• vfB kbfy{sf] Aofkf/df :j:y k|lt:kwf{sf]
;'lglZrttf
• vfB :jR5tf Pj+ u'0f lgoGq0fdf cGt/f{li6«o
dfkb08sf] :yfkgf / k|of]u
9

10. vfB u'0f lgoGq0f;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg]
ljBdfg P]g, lgodx?
 vfB P]g @)@#, vfB lgodfjnL @)@&
 cfdfsf] b"wnfO{ k|lt:yfkgf ug]{ j:t' ljs|L ljt/0f
lgoGq0f P]g @)$(, lgodfjnL @)%!
 cfof]8Lg o'Qm g'g pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f P]g @)%%
 lhjgfzs ljiffbL P]g @)@(, lgodfjnL @)%&
 kz' jwzfnf / df;' hfFr P]g @)%%, lgodfjnL
@)%&
 :yflgo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%%
 u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n P]g @)#&
 pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)%$, lgodfjnL @)%^ 10

11. Consumer Rights
• John F. Kennedy’s Message to Congress on
March 15, 1962
• Four basic rights
– Right to safety
– Right to be informed
– Right to choose
– Right to be heard
11

12. 1982 Consumer International’s Charter of
Consumer Rights
• Eight rights
– Right to basic needs
• Food, clothing, shelter, health care, education, water and
sanitation
– Right to safety
– Right to information
– Right to choice
– Right to be heard
– Right to redress
– Right to education
– Right to healthy environment
Rights further re-enforced by adoption of UN Guidelines on Consumer Protection in 1985
and 1999 12

13. Food: Security and Safety
• International law recognizes the right to food
– Physical and economic access to food
– Access to food of adequate quality and quantity
– Having the means to obtain it
• By way of production or procurement
• Food security defined by FAO as food that is “safe,
nutritious and culturally acceptable and is available,
accessible and affordable to all people”
13

14. Application of Codex Standards in a National
Consumer Protection Programme
• To institute procedures and practices to ensure
quality and safety food products
• To ensure that labelling of food products is not
misleading and that the information is sufficient,
clear and understandable to enable the consumer to
make informed choices
• To provide information in order to enable national
food control authorities to improve food control
14

15. To represent consumer interests at:
• National level
– National Codex Committees & Subsidiary
Bodies
– Preparing for Codex meetings
– Formulating national positions on Codex
issues
• Regional level at Codex Regional Committees
• International Level
– Codex Alimentarius Commission
– Codex Worldwide Committees
– Expert Consultations/Meetings
15

16. • Technical Assistance and FAO:
– FAO Technical Cooperation Programme
– Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme
National and Regional Seminars on:
• Establishment/Administration of National
Codex Contact Points/Committees
• Risk Analysis
– Externally Funded FAO Projects
16

17. New Initiatives
• Global Forum of Food Safety Regulators,
Morocco 10/01
• Paneuropean Conference on Food Safety and
Quality, Budapest 2/02
• Food Safety and Quality Facility for the
World’s Least Developed Countries
• INFOSAN
17

18. FAO Initiatives in Consumer Protection
• The United Nations Economic and Social Council
(1970): “Guidelines for Consumer Protection”
(Resolution 39/48 of the United Nations General
Assembly, April 1985)
• Guidelines for Consumer Protection (United
Nations, 1986): calls upon governments to
develop/strengthen/maintain strong consumer protection
policies/programmes in the areas of physical
safety/economic interest/safety and quality of consumer
goods & services/measures enabling consumers to obtain
redress and consumer education.
18

19. Food safety
• Food safety risks are increasing
– Movement of food and live animals across borders
– Changes in food handling
– Emergence of new pathogens
• Risks greater in developing countries
• Pesticide risks
– Direct risk through application process
– Indirect risk through toxic residues in food
• Hormones, veterinary drugs and antibiotics in
animals
19

20. • Building food safety capacity is essential,
especially in developing countries
– Food borne disease has significant impact on both
health and development
• Many developing countries lack the resources
and expertise to implement food safety
policies
20

21. GM LABELLING and TRACEABILITY
Legislation since April 2004
• labelling required for ALL ingredients derived from GMOs
• ‘adventitious’ thresholds exemptions:
– 0.9% for all EU-approved GMOs and derivatives
– 0.5% for “non-EU approved” GMOs
– zero tolerance for non-approved varieties
• traceability required - “one up / one down” principle
– 5-year record-keeping – ‘standardised’ procedures
• post-market monitoring for all approved GM materials
• equivalent requirements for GM foods / animal feed / petfoods
21

22. cf=j= @)^&.)^* df vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f
ljefun] pkef]Qmf lxtsf If]qsf u/]sf sfd sf/afxLsf]
k|ult
• ahf/, pBf]u tyf xf]6n, /]i6/]G6 lg/LIf0f u/L ;+slnt
gd"gfsf] s'n ;+VofM #^$)
• ;+slnt gd"gfx?sf] k|of]uzfnfdf hf+r kl/If0f kZrft k|fKt
u'0f:t/ dfkb08 ljkl/t gd"gfx?sf] ;+VofM @)(
• !!$) k6s vfB pBf]ux?sf] pTkfbg :jR5tf lg/LIf0f ePsf] .
• !!#$ k6s xf]6n,/]i6'/]06 tyf ld7fO{ k;nx?sf] lgl/If0f
ePsf]] .
• k]li6;fO8 ljz]if sfo{qmd cGt/ut $ efiffdf $ ls;dsf
>Jo÷lh+unx? lgdf{0f u/]s]f, ;'rgfd'ns !!%)) k|lk kmlnk
22
rf6{, /+lug kf]i6/, lnkmn]6x? lgdf{0f u/]s]f / # lhNnfdf #

23. cf=j= @)^&.)^* df vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f
ljefun] pkef]Qmf lxtsf If]qsf u/]sf sfd sf/afxLsf]
k|ult
• !)!$) j6f vfB tyf bfgfsf gd""gfx?sf] kl/If0f ug]{ sfd ePsf] .
• vfB :jR5tf, u'0f:t/ nufot kf]if0f ;DaGwL ##( k6s ;'rgf ;Gb]z tyf
/]l8of] sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ug]{ sfd ePsf] .
• ljBfno:t/df vfB :jR5tf lzIff cleofg sfo{qmd cGt/ut !% lhNnfsf $%
ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ nlIft u/L vfB :jR5tf lzIff cleofg sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug]{ sfd ePsf] .
• e}/xjf÷g]kfnu+haf6 oftfoftsf s]Gb|ljGb"x?nfO{ nlIft u/L vfB
:jR5tf hfu/0f af/] $ ;d'x u7g u/L :jR5tf cleofg kl/rfng;DaGwL sfd
ePsf] .
• kfOn6 :s]ndf wgu9Laf6 :6«L6 e]G8/x?nfO{ nlIft $ j6f gd'gf
:JR5tf sf6{ tof/ u/L ljt/0f ug]{ sfd ePsf] . 23

24. ahf/ c'gudgsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] sfo{
• lju|LPsf], n]p nfu]sf], k'/fgf] lkpg] kfgLsf] vfnL hf/x?
gi6 u/]sf] .
• k]:;Lsf]nf pkef]Uo ldlt ;dfKt ePsf] cj:yfdf /x]s]f
k]:;Lsf]nf k]o kbfy{ :yflgo k|zf;gsf] /f]xj/df gi6 u/]s]f .
• pkef]Uo ldlt ;dfKt ePsf vfB kbfy{x? lj:s'6, h';, k|zf]lwt
lkpg] kfgL, nGrg ld6, rsn]6 cfbL :yflgo k|zf;gsf]
/f]xa/df w'NofO gi6 u/]s]f .
• g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgsf] pkef]Uo ldlt ;dfKt ePsf] s/La
@),))) ln6/ tf]/Lsf] t]n gi6 ug{ cg'/f]w u/]s]f .
• 5Kkg ef]u a|f08sf] s/La @),))) ln6/ ;f]ofljg t]n
pkef]Uo ldlt ;dfKt ePsf] sf/0f gi6 ug{ kxn u/]sf] .
24

25. laut # jif{sf] ahf/ tyf pBf]u lgl/If0f ljj/0f
4000
3640
3500
3064
3000 2808
2500
2000 065/66
066/67
1500 067/68
1107 1140
1013
1000
500
0
ahf/ lgl/If0f tyf gd'gf ;+sng vfB pBf]u lgl/If0f
25

26. ut # jif{sf] d'2f bfo/L ljj/0f
215
210 209
205
200 197
d2f ;+Vof
195
190 187
185
180
175
065/66 066/67 067/68
cf=a
26

27. Existing Scenario
• Study reports have indicated existence of food safety threat (
Chemical+ Microbial) in Nepalese foods and food products
• Food safety and Quality have received widespread media and
public attention.
• Consumers have a heightened concern for the safety of
commercially prepared foods.
• Food safety management system in the country-appears
insufficient to address the emerging issues and threats.
• Needs of strengthening National Food Control Agency- risk
based and Farm to Fork Approaches
27

28. Challenges of Food Safety Management in Nepal
• Harmonization of food safety & food quality standards &
Updating Acts/Regulations
• Rapidly changing technology in food production/ processing
• Emerging new categories of foods: functional
foods/nutraceuticals, GMO/Food from Biotechnology
• Laboratory upgrading/strengthening- Lab accreditation, Modern
methods, Sophisticated Equipment, Detection level
• New emerging feed borne hazards (Biological toxins, chemical
residue, GMO), Toxicology concerns.
• Developing food control system based on Risk Assessment, with
focus on consumer protection
• Growing consumer awareness on food safety and quality issues
• Delivering of information, education and advices to stakeholders
across the Farm-to-Table continuum
28

29. Way Forwards……………
 Restructure of organizational network throughout Nation
 Review & updating of food laws, regulations, standards
 Farm to Fork Food safety approach with Food Safety Authority
System
 Strengthening the food safety and quality control system with risk
based approach
 Development of Accredited National Food Reference Lab
 Updating the Regional and Food Quarantine Laboratories
 Effective working relation with concerned stakeholders
 Consumer Education, Training and Extension Activities
 Involvement of consumer activist in integrated inspection
mechanism 29

30. Thank you for your attention
30