speech 104 extra credit assignment

1. COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS AniKhandzhyan Speech 104 Critical Thinking Professor Marteney

2. Critical Thinking Critical thinking is reflective judgment about what to consider or what to do in reaction to experience, verbal, or even arguments. Critical thinking involves determining the meaning of what is observed or expressed.

3. Communication Communication is a process of transferring information from one thing to another.

4. The three steps:thought ; encoding ; decoding First, information exists in the mind of the sender which is called THOUGHT Next, a message is sent to a receiver in words or other symbols is called ENCODING Lastly, the receiver translates the words into an information that he or she can understand and that is called DECODING.

5. Speaking hints If you are trying to explain something to someone, ask the listeners if they are going to hear you out. Make sure they aren't busy with other things, so they can have your full attention. Always make things clear to the person, so they can understand. Look at the person, see his reaction or anything towards your comment. Make sure your tone goes with the words you are saying and react however you need. Don’t go too much in detail or you will confuse the person or make the person bored of what you are trying to say.

6. Nonverbal Behaviors of Communication To deliver the full impact of a message, use nonverbal behaviors to raise the channel of interpersonal communication: Eye contact:eye contact helps to control the flow of communication. It makes signals to interest the person and increases the speaker's trustworthiness. People who make eye contact open the flow of communication and convey interest, and trustworthiness. Facial Expressions:facial expressions such as smiling is a transmit to happiness, friendliness, and liking the person. If you smile frequently you will be perceived as more likable, and friendly to the person. The listen will be more comfortable around you and will want to listen more. Gestures:gestures are lively speaking styles that captures the listener's attention. Therefore, you have to make the conversation more interesting.

7. Nonverbal Behaviors of Communication continued Posture and body orientation: You communicate with how you move. It can be the way you are standing, leaning or even sitting down. When speaking with your back turned or looking at the floor or ceiling should be avoided because it shows a lack of interest. Proximity: Look for signals of discomfort caused by a person's space. For example, leg swinging, tapping, and gaze aversion. Vocal: Vocal can signal nonverbal communication when you include elements like tone, pitch, rhythm, loudness, and inflection.

8. Truth vs. Validity truth validity Truth is being in an agreement with a particular fact or reality. The body of real things, events, actuality, or fidelity to an original or to a standard. Validity applies to arguments or statements. A logically valid argument is one where the conclusion follows from the location. An invalid argument is where the conclusion does not follow from the location.

9. Truth vs. Validity The truth basically means that they agree on any agreements that is made. The validity means that they agree on any arguments that is made. AGREEMENTS ARGUMENTS

10. The continuum of certainty In order for one to see the true form of certainty one must first doubt oneself. Doubt and its certainty is the two aspects of the unique way of certainty logic. Aspace of line is only defined by two ends then it can define a direction, and because with two end points, there is necessarily a center.