Keynote Gartner Business Process Management Summit, February 2009, London
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This document provides an overview of process mining and its applications. Process mining enables the discovery of process models from event logs, conformance checking of realized processes against models, and other analysis like performance and bottleneck identification. It moves beyond traditional business intelligence and can provide insights into the actual operational processes. The document outlines trends in business process management, the basics of process mining including software support, and examples of applications in various domains like healthcare, manufacturing, and government.
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Keynote Gartner Business Process Management Summit, February 2009, London
- 1. Process Mining: Beyond Business Intelligence Gartner Business Process Management Summit, February 2009, London prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalst www.processmining.org
- 2. PAGE 1
- 3. Process Mining • Process discovery: "What is really happening?" • Conformance checking: "Do we do what was agreed upon?" • Performance analysis: "Where are the bottlenecks?" • Process prediction: "Will this case be late?" • Process improvement: "How to redesign this process?" • Etc. PAGE 2
- 4. • Process discovery: "What is the real curriculum?" • Conformance checking: "Do students meet the prerequisites?" • Performance analysis: "Where are the bottlenecks?" • Process prediction: "Will a student complete his studies (in time)?" • Process improvement: "How to redesign the curriculum?" PAGE 3
- 5. Outline • Trends in BPM • Process Mining: The Basics • Input data • Discovery • Conformance • Software support • Process Mining: Applications • Process Mining: TomTom for Business Processes • Conclusion PAGE 4
- 7. History • The first workflow management systems (called "office automation systems") were implemented in seventies, cf. Petri- net-based systems such as Officetalk (Xerox Parc, Skip Ellis) and SCOOP (Wharton, Michael Zisman). • Mid nineties: "explosion" of workflow products. • Shift from workflow automation to business process management. process diagnosis control process process enactment design implementation/ configuration PAGE 6
- 8. MS Workflow Foundation Global 360 BPM Suite YAWL FileNet InConcert Fujitsu Interstage Axxerion BWise Software AG/webMethods casewise COSA XPDL IBM WebSphere BPEL UML Savvion BusinessManager ADs BPM|one TIBCO iProcess Suite jBPM BPMN EPCs FlowConnect SAP Workflow Pegasystems SmartBPM Suite Ensemble Bizagi TeamWARE Oracle BPEL Promatis BiZZdesigner Ultimus BPM Suite PAGE 7
- 9. Workflow Patterns Initiative • Initiative started in late 90-ties. • Collections: • 43 control-flow patterns (process/routing) • 40 data patterns • 43 resource patterns (work distr. and organization) • exception, flexibility, service interaction, ... patterns • Frequently used as a tool in selection processes. • Influenced standards (BPMN, BPEL, etc.) and systems. • See www.workflowpatterns.com (+/- 500 unique visitors per day) PAGE 8
- 10. Problem is NOT the automation of structured processes! Alignment (Avoiding PowerPoint reality) Ensuring Supporting compliance flexibility PAGE 9
- 11. Where to start? process diagnosis control process mining process process enactment design implementation/ configuration PAGE 10
- 13. Role of models "rea l wo "pow rld" erpo i nt re ality " PAGE 12
- 14. Event logs are a reflection of reality PAGE 13
- 15. Examples: PAGE 14
- 16. Process mining: Linking events to models PAGE 15
- 17. Starting point: event logs event logs, audit unified event log trails, databases, (MXML) message logs, etc. PAGE 16
- 18. Discovery PAGE 17
- 19. What to discover? • process models (Petri nets, EPCs, BPMN, etc.), • organizational models, • social networks, • sequence diagrams, • business rules, • bottlenecks, • simulation models, • etc. i.e., beyond "slice and dice" and showing KPIs on a dashboard ... PAGE 18
- 20. MXML Log - instances: 3512 - audit trail entries: 46138 ProM supports +40 types of model discovery! PAGE 19
- 21. PAGE 20
- 22. PAGE 21
- 23. bottle- necks throughput flow time time from A to B PAGE 22
- 24. short time cases (relative) 46138 events long cases cases PAGE 23
- 25. A bit of theory: Process discovery techniques • Algorithmic techniques • Alpha miner • Alpha+, Alpha++, Alpha# • Heuristic miner • Multi phase miner • ... • Genetic process mining • Region-based process mining • State-based regions • Language based regions cf. www.processmining.org for an overview PAGE 24
- 26. Example: Genetic Mining 1. initial population 6. mutation 7. new population 2. fitness test 5. children 4. crossover 3. select best parents used in e.g. ProM, Futura Reflex, BPM|one PAGE 25
- 27. Conformance Checking PAGE 26
- 28. Conformance Checking • Compare process model and event log: highlight deviations and measure conformance. • Compare constraints/business rules and event logs: check e.g. the 4-eyes principle. PAGE 27
- 29. Tool support PAGE 28
- 30. • Open source initiative started in 2003 after several early prototypes. • Common Public License (CPL). • Current version: 5.0. • ProMimport: to extract MXML from all kinds of applications • Plug-in architecture. • About 250 plug-ins available: • mining plug-ins: 38 (all mining algorithms presented and many more) • analysis plug-ins: 71 (e.g., verification, SNA, LTL, conformance checking, etc.) • import: 21 (for loading EPCs, Petri nets, YAWL, BPMN, etc.) • export: 44 (for storing EPCs, Petri nets, YAWL, BPMN, BPEL, etc.) • conversion: 45 (e.g., translating EPCs or BPMN into Petri nets) • filter: 24 (e.g., removing infrequent activities) PAGE 29
- 31. Screenshot of ProM 5.0 PAGE 30
- 32. Business Intelligence Tools? • Business Objects (SAP) • Cognos Business Intelligence (IBM) • Oracle Business Intelligence • Hyperion (Oracle) • SAS Business Intelligence • Microsoft Business Intelligence • SAP Business Intelligence (SAP BI) • Jaspersoft (Open Source Business Intelligence) • Pentaho BI Suite (Open Source) • .... • Dashboards, reports, scorecards, ... • Slicing and dicing, data mining, ... PAGE 31
- 33. Process Mining Software Futura Reflect BPM|one Comprehend ARIS Process Performance Manager Interstage Automated Business Process Discovery & Visualization Process Discovery Focus Enterprise Visualization Suite PAGE 32
- 35. Where did we apply process mining? • Municipalities (e.g., Alkmaar, Heusden, Harderwijk, etc.) • Government agencies (e.g., Rijkswaterstaat, Centraal Justitieel Incasso Bureau, Justice department) • Insurance related agencies (e.g., UWV) • Banks (e.g., ING Bank) • Hospitals (e.g., AMC hospital, Catharina hospital) • Multinationals (e.g., DSM, Deloitte) • High-tech system manufacturers and their customers (e.g., Philips Healthcare, ASML, Thales) • Media companies (e.g. Winkwaves) • ... PAGE 34
- 36. Example: A Dutch Municipality 144 cases 1326 events PAGE 35
- 37. Conformance check of discovered model both performed while not allowed activity is good fit sometimes not 97.9% performed drill down PAGE 36
- 38. Performance analysis time bottle from neck A to B flow time PAGE 37
- 39. Events sorted by start time of case PAGE 38
- 40. Events sorted by duration PAGE 39
- 41. Idle time versus working time PAGE 40
- 42. "Real" animation PAGE 41
- 43. And of course ... PAGE 42
- 44. Reality ≠ PowerPoint (or Visio) PAGE 43
- 45. Process spectrum structured unstructured (Lasagna) (Spaghetti) PAGE 44
- 46. 375 houses 18640 events 82 different activities PAGE 45
- 47. 2712 patients 29258 events 264 different activities PAGE 46
- 48. 874 patients 10478 events 181 different activities PAGE 47
- 49. 24 machines 154966 events 360 different activities PAGE 48
- 50. 37.5% OK 62.5% NOK design reality PAGE 49
- 51. Process Mining: TomTom for Business Processes
- 52. Business Process Navigation? • Often a good process map is missing (incorrect, outdated, no color, ...) • Process maps inherit the limitations of paper maps (no zoom or views) • Process maps tend to aim at "controlling the driver" • Current location unknown • No traffic information is given • No recalculation of the route • No estimated arrival time • ... PAGE 51
- 53. What we can learn from maps ... PAGE 52
- 54. Why imitate paper maps? • Zoom in - zoom out • Various views (e.g. show hotels and fuel stations at will) • Dynamic content! • Traffic information • Show current location PAGE 53
- 55. ProM's Fuzzy Miner: Seamless zoom PAGE 54
- 56. ProM's "real animation" PAGE 55
- 57. ProM's "real simulation" PAGE 56
- 58. Prediction and recommendation • Prediction: When are we home? • Recommendation: What should I do next? • Suggestions without force and the willingness to continuously recalculate the route. PAGE 57
- 59. ProM's Case prediction capabilities 144 cases 1326 events PAGE 58
- 60. Conclusion
- 61. Conclusion • The abundance of event data enables a wide variety of process mining techniques ranging from process discovery to conformance checking. • This is already possible today! • Check out ProM with its 250+ plug-ins. • A reality check for people that are involved in process modeling. • Demand TomTom functionality! PAGE 60
- 62. Thanks! cf. www.processmining.org • Wil van der Aalst • Mercy Amiyo • Jan Martijn van der Werf • Peter van den Brand • Carmen Bratosin • Martin van Wingerden • Boudewijn van Dongen • Toon Calders • Jianhong Ye • Christian Günther • Jorge Cardoso • Huub de Beer • Eric Verbeek • Ronald Crooy • Elena Casares • Ana Karla Alves de Medeiros • Florian Gottschalk • Alina Chipaila • Anne Rozinat • Monique Jansen-Vullers • Walid Gaaloul • Minseok Song • Peter Khisa Wakholi • Martijn van Giessel • Ton Weijters • Nicolas Knaak • Shaifali Gupta • Remco Dijkman • Sven Lambrechts • Thomas Hoffmann • Gianluigi Greco • Joyce Nakatumba • Peter Hornix • Antonella Guzzo • Mariska Netjes • René Kerstjens • Kristian Bisgaard Lassen • Mykola Pechenizkiy • Ralf Kramer • Ronny Mans • Maja Pesic • Wouter Kunst • Jan Mendling • Hajo Reijers • Laura Maruster • Vladimir Rubin • Stefanie Rinderle • Andriy Nikolov • Kenny van Uden • Domenico Saccà • Adarsh Ramesh • Irene Vanderfeesten • Helen Schonenberg • Jo Theunissen • Barbara Weber • Marc Voorhoeve • ... • Lijie Wen • Jianmin Wang PAGE 61
- 63. Relevant WWW sites • http://www.processmining.org • http:// promimport.sourceforge.net • http://prom.sourceforge.net • http://www.workflowpatterns.com • http://www.workflowcourse.com • http://www.vdaalst.com PAGE 62