5. The Mayas When : Between 250 A.D and 900 A.D Where : Mayas built large cities and temples in what is now Southern Mexico and Central America Important Achievements : The Mayas developed arts, a system of government and a written language. They observed the stars and studied the heavens. *** The Mayas also developed the most accurate calendar known until modern times. What happened to the Mayas? : Around 900 A.D, the Mayas began to abandon their great cities they had built. Disease or overpopulation may have caused the decline. Although the Mayan civilization is gone, the Mayan language still forms the root of more than 20 languages of Central America.