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Manual de PHP Stig Sæther Bakken Alexander Aulbach Egon Schmid Jim Winstead Lars Torben Wilson Rasmus Lerdorf Andrei Zmievski Jouni Ahto
Editado por Rafael Martínez (Coordinador) Víctor Fernández Leonardo Boshell 04-11-2002 Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP Copyright Este manual es © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP. Los miembros de este grupo se encuentran listados en la primera página de este manual. Este manual puede ser redistribuido bajo los términos de la "GNU General Public License" publicada por la "Free Software Foundation"; tanto bajo la versión 2 de esta licencia o bajo versiones posteriores. La sección ’Extendiendo PHP 4.0’ de este manual es copyright © 2000 por Zend Technologies, Ltd. Este material puede ser distribuido solamente bajo los terminos y condiciones de la Open Publication License, v1.0 ó posterior (la última versión está disponible en http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
Manual de PHP por Stig Sæther Bakken, Alexander Aulbach, Egon Schmid, Jim Winstead, Lars Torben Wilson, Rasmus Lerdorf, Andrei Zmievski, y Jouni Ahto Editado por Rafael Martínez (Coordinador), Víctor Fernández, y Leonardo Boshell Publicado 04-11-2002 Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP Copyright Este manual es © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP. Los miembros de este grupo se encuentran listados en la primera página de este manual. Este manual puede ser redistribuido bajo los términos de la "GNU General Public License" publicada por la "Free Software Foundation"; tanto bajo la versión 2 de esta licencia o bajo versiones posteriores. La sección ’Extendiendo PHP 4.0’ de este manual es copyright © 2000 por Zend Technologies, Ltd. Este material puede ser distribuido solamente bajo los terminos y condiciones de la Open Publication License, v1.0 ó posterior (la última versión está disponible en http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
Tabla de contenidos Prefacio ........................................................................................................................................................i I. Conceptos Básicos ..................................................................................................................................1 1. Introducción ...................................................................................................................................1 Qué es PHP? .............................................................................................................................2 Qué se puede hacer con PHP? ..................................................................................................2 2. A simple tutorial.............................................................................................................................5 What do I need?........................................................................................................................6 Your first PHP-enabled page ....................................................................................................6 Something Useful .....................................................................................................................7 Dealing with Forms ................................................................................................................10 Using old code with new versions of PHP .............................................................................11 What’s next? ...........................................................................................................................11 3. Instalación ....................................................................................................................................12 Bajándose la última versión....................................................................................................13 Instalación en sistemas UNIX ................................................................................................13 Instrucciones Rápidas de Instalación (Versión Módulo de Apache) ............................13 Configuración................................................................................................................14 Módulo del Apache.......................................................................................................14 Módulo fhttpd ...............................................................................................................14 CGI version...................................................................................................................14 Opciones de soporte para Base de Datos ......................................................................15 Adabas D .............................................................................................................15 dBase ...................................................................................................................15 filePro ..................................................................................................................15 mSQL ..................................................................................................................15 MySQL................................................................................................................15 iODBC.................................................................................................................16 OpenLink ODBC.................................................................................................16 Oracle ..................................................................................................................16 PostgreSQL .........................................................................................................16 Solid ....................................................................................................................17 Sybase..................................................................................................................17 Sybase-CT ...........................................................................................................17 Velocis .................................................................................................................17 Una librería a medida de ODBC .........................................................................17 ODBC Unificado .................................................................................................18 LDAP...................................................................................................................18 Otras opciones de configuración...................................................................................18 --with-mcrypt=DIR.............................................................................................18 --enable-sysvsem .................................................................................................19 --enable-sysvshm.................................................................................................19 --with-xml............................................................................................................19 --enable-maintainer-mode ...................................................................................19 --with-system-regex.............................................................................................19 --with-config-file-path .........................................................................................19 iv
--with-exec-dir.....................................................................................................20 --enable-debug.....................................................................................................20 --enable-safe-mode..............................................................................................20 --enable-track-vars...............................................................................................20 --enable-magic-quotes .........................................................................................20 --enable-debugger................................................................................................21 --enable-discard-path...........................................................................................21 --enable-bcmath...................................................................................................21 --enable-force-cgi-redirect ..................................................................................21 --disable-short-tags..............................................................................................22 --enable-url-includes ...........................................................................................22 --disable-syntax-hl...............................................................................................22 CPPFLAGS y LDFLAGS ...................................................................................22 Construyendo ................................................................................................................22 Probando .......................................................................................................................22 Comprobando la velocidad ...........................................................................................23 Instalación en sistemas Windows 95/98/NT...........................................................................23 Pasos Generales de Instalación .....................................................................................23 Windows 95/98/NT y PWS/IIS 3..................................................................................24 Windows NT e IIS 4 .....................................................................................................25 Windows 9x/NT y Apache 1.3.x...................................................................................25 Omni HTTPd 2.0b1 para Windows ..............................................................................26 Módulos del PHP ..........................................................................................................26 ¿Problemas?............................................................................................................................27 Lea las PMF (FAQ) .......................................................................................................27 Informes de error...........................................................................................................27 Otros problemas ............................................................................................................27 4. Configuración...............................................................................................................................28 El archivo de configuración ....................................................................................................29 Directivas Generales de Configuración.........................................................................29 Directivas de Configuración de Correo.........................................................................33 Directivas de Configuración de Modo Seguro ..............................................................34 Directivas de Configuración del Debugger ...................................................................34 Directivas de Carga de Extensiones ..............................................................................34 Directivas de Configuración de MySQL.......................................................................35 Directivas de Configuración de mSQL .........................................................................35 Directivas de Configuración de Postgres ......................................................................35 SESAM Configuration Directives.................................................................................36 Directivas de Configuración de Sybase ........................................................................36 Directivas de Configuración de Sybase-CT ..................................................................37 Directivas de Configuración de Informix......................................................................37 Directivas de Configuración de Matemática BC...........................................................38 Directivas de Configuración de Capacidades de los Navegadores................................39 Directivas Unificadas de Configuración de ODBC.......................................................39 5. Seguridad......................................................................................................................................40 Binarios CGI...........................................................................................................................41 Posibles ataques ............................................................................................................41 Caso 1: solamente se sirven ficheros publicos ..............................................................42 v
Caso 2: usando --enable-force-cgi-redirect...................................................................42 Caso 3: Usando doc_root or user_dir............................................................................42 Caso 4: Analizador PHP fuera del arbol web. ..............................................................43 Modulo Apache ......................................................................................................................43 II. Referencia del Lenguaje.....................................................................................................................44 6. Síntaxis básica..............................................................................................................................44 Saliendo de HTML .................................................................................................................45 Separación de instrucciones ...................................................................................................46 Comentarios............................................................................................................................47 7. Types ............................................................................................................................................48 Enteros....................................................................................................................................49 Números en punto flotante......................................................................................................49 Cadenas...................................................................................................................................49 Conversión de cadenas..................................................................................................51 Arrays .....................................................................................................................................52 Arrays unidimensionales...............................................................................................52 Arrays Multidimensionales...........................................................................................52 Objetos....................................................................................................................................54 Inicialización de Objetos...............................................................................................54 Type juggling..........................................................................................................................55 Forzado de tipos ............................................................................................................56 8. Variables.......................................................................................................................................58 Conceptos Básicos..................................................................................................................59 Variables predefinidas.............................................................................................................60 Variables de Apache......................................................................................................60 Variables de entorno......................................................................................................62 Variables de PHP...........................................................................................................62 Ambito de las variables ..........................................................................................................63 Variables variables..................................................................................................................65 Variables externas a PHP........................................................................................................66 Formularios HTML (GET y POST) .............................................................................66 IMAGE SUBMIT variable names.......................................................................67 Cookies HTTP ..............................................................................................................67 Variables de entorno......................................................................................................68 Puntos en los nombres de variables de entrada.............................................................68 Determinando los tipos de variables .............................................................................68 9. Constantes ....................................................................................................................................70 Sintaxis ...................................................................................................................................71 Constantes predefinidas ..........................................................................................................72 10. Expresiones ................................................................................................................................73 11. Operadores .................................................................................................................................77 Operadores Aritméticos..........................................................................................................78 Operadores de Asignación......................................................................................................78 Operadores Bit a bit................................................................................................................78 Operadores de Comparación ..................................................................................................79 Operador de ejecución............................................................................................................80 Operadores de Incremento/decremento ..................................................................................80 vi
Operadores Lógicos................................................................................................................81 Precedencia de Operadores.....................................................................................................81 Operadores de Cadenas ..........................................................................................................82 12. Estructuras de Control................................................................................................................84 if ............................................................................................................................................85 else .......................................................................................................................................85 elseif ...................................................................................................................................86 Sintaxis Alternativa de Estructuras de Control.......................................................................86 while .....................................................................................................................................87 do..while .............................................................................................................................88 for ..........................................................................................................................................89 foreach .................................................................................................................................90 break .....................................................................................................................................92 continue ...............................................................................................................................93 switch ...................................................................................................................................93 require() ..................................................................................................................................96 include()..................................................................................................................................97 require_once().......................................................................................................................100 include_once() ......................................................................................................................102 13. Funciones .................................................................................................................................103 Funciones definidas por el usuario .......................................................................................104 Parámetros de las funciones .................................................................................................104 Pasar parámetros por referencia..................................................................................104 Parámetros por defecto ...............................................................................................105 Lista de longitud variable de parámetros ....................................................................106 Devolver valores ...................................................................................................................106 old_function ....................................................................................................................107 Funciones variable................................................................................................................107 14. Clases y Objetos.......................................................................................................................109 class ...................................................................................................................................110 15. References Explained...............................................................................................................113 What References Are..............................................................................................................?? What References Do...............................................................................................................?? What References Are Not.......................................................................................................?? Passing by Reference..............................................................................................................?? Returning References .............................................................................................................?? Unsetting References..............................................................................................................?? Spotting References................................................................................................................?? global References.......................................................................................................?? $this ............................................................................................................................?? III. Características...................................................................................................................................?? 16. Autentificación HTTP con PHP .................................................................................................?? 17. Cookies.......................................................................................................................................?? 18. Manejo de envío de ficheros.......................................................................................................?? Envío de archivos con el método POST .................................................................................?? Errores comunes .....................................................................................................................?? Envío de multiples ficheros ....................................................................................................?? vii
Soporte del método PUT ........................................................................................................?? 19. Usando archivos remotos ...........................................................................................................?? 20. Manejando conexiones...............................................................................................................?? 21. Conexiones persistentes a bases de datos...................................................................................?? 22. Modo Seguro (Safe Mode).........................................................................................................?? Funciones restringidas/inhabilitadas por Modo Seguro .........................................................?? 23. Using PHP from the command line ...........................................................................................?? IV. Referencia de las Funciones .............................................................................................................?? I. Funciones específicas de Apache..................................................................................................?? apache_child_terminate..........................................................................................................?? apache_lookup_uri .................................................................................................................?? apache_note ............................................................................................................................?? apache_request_headers .........................................................................................................?? apache_response_headers.......................................................................................................?? apache_setenv .........................................................................................................................?? ascii2ebcdic ............................................................................................................................?? ebcdic2ascii ............................................................................................................................?? getallheaders ...........................................................................................................................?? virtual......................................................................................................................................?? II. Funciones de matrices .................................................................................................................?? array_change_key_case ..........................................................................................................?? array_chunk ............................................................................................................................?? array_count_values.................................................................................................................?? array_diff ................................................................................................................................?? array_fill .................................................................................................................................?? array_filter ..............................................................................................................................?? array_flip.................................................................................................................................?? array_intersect ........................................................................................................................?? array_key_exists .....................................................................................................................?? array_keys...............................................................................................................................?? array_map ...............................................................................................................................?? array_merge_recursive ...........................................................................................................?? array_merge ............................................................................................................................?? array_multisort .......................................................................................................................?? array_pad ................................................................................................................................?? array_pop................................................................................................................................?? array_push ..............................................................................................................................?? array_rand...............................................................................................................................?? array_reduce ...........................................................................................................................?? array_reverse ..........................................................................................................................?? array_search............................................................................................................................?? array_shift...............................................................................................................................?? array_slice...............................................................................................................................?? array_splice.............................................................................................................................?? array_sum ...............................................................................................................................?? array_unique ...........................................................................................................................?? array_unshift...........................................................................................................................?? viii
array_values............................................................................................................................?? array_walk ..............................................................................................................................?? array........................................................................................................................................?? arsort .......................................................................................................................................?? asort ........................................................................................................................................?? compact...................................................................................................................................?? count .......................................................................................................................................?? current.....................................................................................................................................?? each.........................................................................................................................................?? end ..........................................................................................................................................?? extract .....................................................................................................................................?? in_array...................................................................................................................................?? key ..........................................................................................................................................?? krsort.......................................................................................................................................?? ksort ........................................................................................................................................?? list ...........................................................................................................................................?? natcasesort ..............................................................................................................................?? natsort .....................................................................................................................................?? next .........................................................................................................................................?? pos...........................................................................................................................................?? prev .........................................................................................................................................?? rango .......................................................................................................................................?? reset.........................................................................................................................................?? rsort.........................................................................................................................................?? shuffle .....................................................................................................................................?? sizeof.......................................................................................................................................?? sort ..........................................................................................................................................?? uasort ......................................................................................................................................?? uksort ......................................................................................................................................?? usort ........................................................................................................................................?? III. Funciones Aspell [deprecated]...................................................................................................?? aspell_check-raw ....................................................................................................................?? aspell_check ...........................................................................................................................?? aspell_new ..............................................................................................................................?? aspell_suggest.........................................................................................................................?? IV. Funciones matemáticas de precisión arbitraria BCMath ...........................................................?? bcadd.......................................................................................................................................?? bccomp ...................................................................................................................................?? bcdiv .......................................................................................................................................?? bcmod .....................................................................................................................................?? bcmul ......................................................................................................................................?? bcpow......................................................................................................................................?? bcscale ....................................................................................................................................?? bcsqrt ......................................................................................................................................?? bcsub.......................................................................................................................................?? V. Funciones de compresión Bzip2 .................................................................................................?? bzclose ....................................................................................................................................?? bzcompress .............................................................................................................................?? ix
bzdecompress .........................................................................................................................?? bzerrno....................................................................................................................................?? bzerror.....................................................................................................................................?? bzerrstr....................................................................................................................................?? bzflush.....................................................................................................................................?? bzopen.....................................................................................................................................?? bzread .....................................................................................................................................?? bzwrite ....................................................................................................................................?? VI. Funciones de calendario.............................................................................................................?? cal_days_in_month.................................................................................................................?? cal_from_jd.............................................................................................................................?? cal_info ...................................................................................................................................?? cal_to_jd .................................................................................................................................?? easter_date ..............................................................................................................................?? easter_days .............................................................................................................................?? FrenchToJD ............................................................................................................................?? GregorianToJD .......................................................................................................................?? JDDayOfWeek........................................................................................................................?? JDMonthName .......................................................................................................................?? JDToFrench ............................................................................................................................?? JDToGregorian .......................................................................................................................?? JDToJewish.............................................................................................................................?? JDToJulian ..............................................................................................................................?? jdtounix...................................................................................................................................?? JewishToJD.............................................................................................................................?? JulianToJD ..............................................................................................................................?? unixtojd...................................................................................................................................?? VII. Funciones del API de CCVS ....................................................................................................?? ccvs_add .................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_auth ................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_command .......................................................................................................................?? ccvs_count ..............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_delete .............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_done ...............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_init..................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_lookup............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_new ................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_report .............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_return .............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_reverse............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_sale.................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_status..............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_textvalue ........................................................................................................................?? ccvs_void ................................................................................................................................?? VIII. soporte de las funciones COM para Windows ........................................................................?? COM .......................................................................................................................................?? VARIANT...............................................................................................................................?? com_addref .............................................................................................................................?? x
com_get ..................................................................................................................................?? com_invoke.............................................................................................................................?? com_isenum............................................................................................................................?? com_load_typelib ...................................................................................................................?? com_load ................................................................................................................................?? com_propget ...........................................................................................................................?? com_propput...........................................................................................................................?? com_propset ...........................................................................................................................?? com_release ............................................................................................................................?? com_set...................................................................................................................................?? IX. Funciones de Clases/Objectos ...................................................................................................?? call_user_method_array .........................................................................................................?? call_user_method....................................................................................................................?? class_exists .............................................................................................................................?? get_class_methods..................................................................................................................?? get_class_vars.........................................................................................................................?? get_class .................................................................................................................................?? get_declared_classes...............................................................................................................?? get_object_vars.......................................................................................................................?? get_parent_class .....................................................................................................................?? is_a..........................................................................................................................................?? is_subclass_of.........................................................................................................................?? method_exists .........................................................................................................................?? X. Funciones de ClibPDF ................................................................................................................?? cpdf_add_annotation ..............................................................................................................?? cpdf_add_outline ....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_arc ..................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_begin_text ......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_circle ..............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_clip .................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_close...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke......................................................................................................?? cpdf_closepath_stroke ............................................................................................................?? cpdf_closepath........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_continue_text .................................................................................................................?? cpdf_curveto ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_end_text .........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_fill_stroke.......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_fill...................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_finalize_page..................................................................................................................?? cpdf_finalize ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_global_set_document_limits..........................................................................................?? cpdf_import_jpeg ...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_lineto..............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_moveto ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_newpath..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_open ...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_output_buffer .................................................................................................................?? xi
cpdf_page_init ........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_place_inline_image........................................................................................................?? cpdf_rect .................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_restore ............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rlineto.............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rmoveto..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rotate_text ......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rotate..............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_save_to_file....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_save ................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_scale ...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_action_url ................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_char_spacing ...........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_creator .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_current_page............................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_font_directories .......................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_font_map_file ..........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_font ..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_horiz_scaling ...........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_keywords .................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_leading.....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_page_animation .......................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_subject .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_matrix ..............................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_pos ...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_rendering .........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_rise...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_title ..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_viewer_preferences .................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_word_spacing ..........................................................................................................?? cpdf_setdash ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setflat .............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setgray_fill .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setgray_stroke................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setgray ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setlinecap .......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setlinejoin ......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setlinewidth....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setmiterlimit...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill...............................................................................................................?? cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke .........................................................................................................?? cpdf_setrgbcolor .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_show_xy.........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_show...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_stringwidth.....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_stroke .............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_text .................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_translate .........................................................................................................................?? xii
XI. Crack functions ..........................................................................................................................?? crack_check ............................................................................................................................?? crack_closedict .......................................................................................................................?? crack_getlastmessage .............................................................................................................?? crack_opendict........................................................................................................................?? XII. CURL, Client URL Library Functions .....................................................................................?? curl_close................................................................................................................................?? curl_errno ...............................................................................................................................?? curl_error ................................................................................................................................?? curl_exec.................................................................................................................................?? curl_getinfo.............................................................................................................................?? curl_init...................................................................................................................................?? curl_setopt ..............................................................................................................................?? curl_version ............................................................................................................................?? XIII. Funciones de pago electrónico ................................................................................................?? cybercash_base64_decode......................................................................................................?? cybercash_base64_encode......................................................................................................?? cybercash_decr .......................................................................................................................?? cybercash_encr .......................................................................................................................?? XIV. Crédit Mutuel CyberMUT functions ......................................................................................?? cybermut_creerformulairecm .................................................................................................?? cybermut_creerreponsecm......................................................................................................?? cybermut_testmac...................................................................................................................?? XV. Cyrus IMAP administration functions .....................................................................................?? cyrus_authenticate ..................................................................................................................?? cyrus_bind ..............................................................................................................................?? cyrus_close .............................................................................................................................?? cyrus_connect .........................................................................................................................?? cyrus_query ............................................................................................................................?? cyrus_unbind ..........................................................................................................................?? XVI. Character type functions .........................................................................................................?? ctype_alnum ...........................................................................................................................?? ctype_alpha.............................................................................................................................?? ctype_cntrl ..............................................................................................................................?? ctype_digit ..............................................................................................................................?? ctype_graph ............................................................................................................................?? ctype_lower ............................................................................................................................?? ctype_print..............................................................................................................................?? ctype_punct.............................................................................................................................?? ctype_space.............................................................................................................................?? ctype_upper ............................................................................................................................?? ctype_xdigit ............................................................................................................................?? XVII. Funciones de la capa de abstraccion de bases de datos (dbm-style)......................................?? dba_close ................................................................................................................................?? dba_delete...............................................................................................................................?? dba_exists ...............................................................................................................................?? dba_fetch ................................................................................................................................?? dba_firstkey ............................................................................................................................?? xiii
dba_insert ...............................................................................................................................?? dba_nextkey............................................................................................................................?? dba_open.................................................................................................................................?? dba_optimize ..........................................................................................................................?? dba_popen...............................................................................................................................?? dba_replace.............................................................................................................................?? dba_sync .................................................................................................................................?? XVIII. Funciones de fecha y hora ....................................................................................................?? checkdate ................................................................................................................................?? date .........................................................................................................................................?? getdate.....................................................................................................................................?? gettimeofday ...........................................................................................................................?? gmdate ....................................................................................................................................?? gmmktime...............................................................................................................................?? gmstrftime...............................................................................................................................?? localtime .................................................................................................................................?? microtime................................................................................................................................?? mktime....................................................................................................................................?? strftime....................................................................................................................................?? strtotime..................................................................................................................................?? time .........................................................................................................................................?? XIX. Funciones para dBase .............................................................................................................?? dbase_add_record ...................................................................................................................?? dbase_close.............................................................................................................................?? dbase_create ...........................................................................................................................?? dbase_delete_record ...............................................................................................................?? dbase_get_record_with_names...............................................................................................?? dbase_get_record....................................................................................................................?? dbase_numfields .....................................................................................................................?? dbase_numrecords ..................................................................................................................?? dbase_open .............................................................................................................................?? dbase_pack .............................................................................................................................?? dbase_replace_record .............................................................................................................?? XX. Funciones dbm .........................................................................................................................?? dblist .......................................................................................................................................?? dbmclose.................................................................................................................................?? dbmdelete ...............................................................................................................................?? dbmexists ................................................................................................................................?? dbmfetch .................................................................................................................................?? dbmfirstkey .............................................................................................................................?? dbminsert ................................................................................................................................?? dbmnextkey ............................................................................................................................?? dbmopen .................................................................................................................................?? dbmreplace .............................................................................................................................?? XXI. dbx functions...........................................................................................................................?? dbx_close................................................................................................................................?? dbx_compare ..........................................................................................................................?? dbx_connect............................................................................................................................?? xiv
dbx_error ................................................................................................................................?? dbx_escape_string ..................................................................................................................?? dbx_query ...............................................................................................................................?? dbx_sort ..................................................................................................................................?? XXII. DB++ Functions ....................................................................................................................?? dbplus_add..............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_aql...............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_chdir ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_close ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_curr .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_errcode .......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_errno ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_find .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_first .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_flush............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_freealllocks.................................................................................................................?? dbplus_freelock ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_freerlocks ...................................................................................................................?? dbplus_getlock........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_getunique....................................................................................................................?? dbplus_info .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_last..............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_lockrel ........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_next.............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_open............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_prev ............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rchperm ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rcreate.........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rcrtexact......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rcrtlike ........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_resolve ........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_restorepos ...................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rkeys...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_ropen ..........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rquery .........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rrename ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rsecindex ....................................................................................................................?? dbplus_runlink........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rzap.............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_savepos .......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_setindex ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_setindexbynumber ......................................................................................................?? dbplus_sql...............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_tcl ...............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_tremove ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_undo ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_undoprepare ...............................................................................................................?? dbplus_unlockrel ....................................................................................................................?? xv
dbplus_unselect ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_update.........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_xlockrel ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_xunlockrel ..................................................................................................................?? XXIII. Direct IO functions...............................................................................................................?? dio_close.................................................................................................................................?? dio_fcntl..................................................................................................................................?? dio_open .................................................................................................................................?? dio_read ..................................................................................................................................?? dio_seek..................................................................................................................................?? dio_stat ...................................................................................................................................?? dio_tcsetattr ............................................................................................................................?? dio_truncate ............................................................................................................................?? dio_write.................................................................................................................................?? XXIV. Funciones con directorios ....................................................................................................?? chdir........................................................................................................................................?? chroot......................................................................................................................................?? dir............................................................................................................................................?? closedir ...................................................................................................................................?? getcwd.....................................................................................................................................?? opendir....................................................................................................................................?? readdir.....................................................................................................................................?? rewinddir.................................................................................................................................?? XXV. Funciones de DOM XML......................................................................................................?? DomAttribute->name .............................................................................................................?? DomAttribute->specified ........................................................................................................?? DomAttribute->value..............................................................................................................?? DomDocument->add_root [deprecated].................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_attribute ...........................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_cdata_section...................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_comment .........................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_element_ns ......................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_element............................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_entity_reference ..............................................................................?? DomDocument->create_processing_instruction ....................................................................?? DomDocument->create_text_node.........................................................................................?? DomDocument->doctype .......................................................................................................?? DomDocument->document_element .....................................................................................?? DomDocument->dump_file....................................................................................................?? DomDocument->dump_mem.................................................................................................?? DomDocument->get_element_by_id .....................................................................................?? DomDocument->get_elements_by_tagname .........................................................................?? DomDocument->html_dump_mem .......................................................................................?? DomDocument->xinclude ......................................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->entities ................................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->internal_subset....................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->name ...................................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->notations .............................................................................................?? xvi
DomDocumentType->public_id.............................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->system_id............................................................................................?? DomElement->get_attribute_node .........................................................................................?? DomElement->get_attribute ...................................................................................................?? DomElement->get_elements_by_tagname.............................................................................?? DomElement->has_attribute...................................................................................................?? DomElement->remove_attribute ............................................................................................?? DomElement->set_attribute ...................................................................................................?? DomElement->tagname..........................................................................................................?? DomNode->add_namespace...................................................................................................?? DomNode->append_child ......................................................................................................?? DomNode->append_sibling ...................................................................................................?? DomNode->attributes .............................................................................................................?? DomNode->child_nodes.........................................................................................................?? DomNode->clone_node .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->dump_node .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->first_child............................................................................................................?? DomNode->get_content .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->has_attributess ....................................................................................................?? DomNode->has_child_nodes .................................................................................................?? DomNode->insert_before.......................................................................................................?? DomNode->is_blank_node.....................................................................................................?? DomNode->last_child ............................................................................................................?? DomNode->next_sibling ........................................................................................................?? DomNode->node_name .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->node_type ...........................................................................................................?? DomNode->node_value..........................................................................................................?? DomNode->owner_document ................................................................................................?? DomNode->parent_node ........................................................................................................?? DomNode->prefix...................................................................................................................?? DomNode->previous_sibling .................................................................................................?? DomNode->remove_child ......................................................................................................?? DomNode->replace_child ......................................................................................................?? DomNode->replace_node.......................................................................................................?? DomNode->set_content..........................................................................................................?? DomNode->set_name.............................................................................................................?? DomNode->set_namespace....................................................................................................?? DomNode->unlink_node........................................................................................................?? DomProcessingInstruction->data ...........................................................................................?? DomProcessingInstruction->target.........................................................................................?? DomXsltStylesheet->process .................................................................................................?? domxml_new_doc ..................................................................................................................?? domxml_open_file..................................................................................................................?? domxml_open_mem ...............................................................................................................?? domxml_version .....................................................................................................................?? domxml_xmltree.....................................................................................................................?? domxml_xslt_stylesheet_doc .................................................................................................?? domxml_xslt_stylesheet_file ..................................................................................................?? xvii
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Php manual

  • 1. Manual de PHP Stig Sæther Bakken Alexander Aulbach Egon Schmid Jim Winstead Lars Torben Wilson Rasmus Lerdorf Andrei Zmievski Jouni Ahto
  • 2. Editado por Rafael Martínez (Coordinador) Víctor Fernández Leonardo Boshell 04-11-2002 Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP Copyright Este manual es © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP. Los miembros de este grupo se encuentran listados en la primera página de este manual. Este manual puede ser redistribuido bajo los términos de la "GNU General Public License" publicada por la "Free Software Foundation"; tanto bajo la versión 2 de esta licencia o bajo versiones posteriores. La sección ’Extendiendo PHP 4.0’ de este manual es copyright © 2000 por Zend Technologies, Ltd. Este material puede ser distribuido solamente bajo los terminos y condiciones de la Open Publication License, v1.0 ó posterior (la última versión está disponible en http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
  • 3. Manual de PHP por Stig Sæther Bakken, Alexander Aulbach, Egon Schmid, Jim Winstead, Lars Torben Wilson, Rasmus Lerdorf, Andrei Zmievski, y Jouni Ahto Editado por Rafael Martínez (Coordinador), Víctor Fernández, y Leonardo Boshell Publicado 04-11-2002 Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP Copyright Este manual es © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 por el Grupo de documentación de PHP. Los miembros de este grupo se encuentran listados en la primera página de este manual. Este manual puede ser redistribuido bajo los términos de la "GNU General Public License" publicada por la "Free Software Foundation"; tanto bajo la versión 2 de esta licencia o bajo versiones posteriores. La sección ’Extendiendo PHP 4.0’ de este manual es copyright © 2000 por Zend Technologies, Ltd. Este material puede ser distribuido solamente bajo los terminos y condiciones de la Open Publication License, v1.0 ó posterior (la última versión está disponible en http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
  • 4. Tabla de contenidos Prefacio ........................................................................................................................................................i I. Conceptos Básicos ..................................................................................................................................1 1. Introducción ...................................................................................................................................1 Qué es PHP? .............................................................................................................................2 Qué se puede hacer con PHP? ..................................................................................................2 2. A simple tutorial.............................................................................................................................5 What do I need?........................................................................................................................6 Your first PHP-enabled page ....................................................................................................6 Something Useful .....................................................................................................................7 Dealing with Forms ................................................................................................................10 Using old code with new versions of PHP .............................................................................11 What’s next? ...........................................................................................................................11 3. Instalación ....................................................................................................................................12 Bajándose la última versión....................................................................................................13 Instalación en sistemas UNIX ................................................................................................13 Instrucciones Rápidas de Instalación (Versión Módulo de Apache) ............................13 Configuración................................................................................................................14 Módulo del Apache.......................................................................................................14 Módulo fhttpd ...............................................................................................................14 CGI version...................................................................................................................14 Opciones de soporte para Base de Datos ......................................................................15 Adabas D .............................................................................................................15 dBase ...................................................................................................................15 filePro ..................................................................................................................15 mSQL ..................................................................................................................15 MySQL................................................................................................................15 iODBC.................................................................................................................16 OpenLink ODBC.................................................................................................16 Oracle ..................................................................................................................16 PostgreSQL .........................................................................................................16 Solid ....................................................................................................................17 Sybase..................................................................................................................17 Sybase-CT ...........................................................................................................17 Velocis .................................................................................................................17 Una librería a medida de ODBC .........................................................................17 ODBC Unificado .................................................................................................18 LDAP...................................................................................................................18 Otras opciones de configuración...................................................................................18 --with-mcrypt=DIR.............................................................................................18 --enable-sysvsem .................................................................................................19 --enable-sysvshm.................................................................................................19 --with-xml............................................................................................................19 --enable-maintainer-mode ...................................................................................19 --with-system-regex.............................................................................................19 --with-config-file-path .........................................................................................19 iv
  • 5. --with-exec-dir.....................................................................................................20 --enable-debug.....................................................................................................20 --enable-safe-mode..............................................................................................20 --enable-track-vars...............................................................................................20 --enable-magic-quotes .........................................................................................20 --enable-debugger................................................................................................21 --enable-discard-path...........................................................................................21 --enable-bcmath...................................................................................................21 --enable-force-cgi-redirect ..................................................................................21 --disable-short-tags..............................................................................................22 --enable-url-includes ...........................................................................................22 --disable-syntax-hl...............................................................................................22 CPPFLAGS y LDFLAGS ...................................................................................22 Construyendo ................................................................................................................22 Probando .......................................................................................................................22 Comprobando la velocidad ...........................................................................................23 Instalación en sistemas Windows 95/98/NT...........................................................................23 Pasos Generales de Instalación .....................................................................................23 Windows 95/98/NT y PWS/IIS 3..................................................................................24 Windows NT e IIS 4 .....................................................................................................25 Windows 9x/NT y Apache 1.3.x...................................................................................25 Omni HTTPd 2.0b1 para Windows ..............................................................................26 Módulos del PHP ..........................................................................................................26 ¿Problemas?............................................................................................................................27 Lea las PMF (FAQ) .......................................................................................................27 Informes de error...........................................................................................................27 Otros problemas ............................................................................................................27 4. Configuración...............................................................................................................................28 El archivo de configuración ....................................................................................................29 Directivas Generales de Configuración.........................................................................29 Directivas de Configuración de Correo.........................................................................33 Directivas de Configuración de Modo Seguro ..............................................................34 Directivas de Configuración del Debugger ...................................................................34 Directivas de Carga de Extensiones ..............................................................................34 Directivas de Configuración de MySQL.......................................................................35 Directivas de Configuración de mSQL .........................................................................35 Directivas de Configuración de Postgres ......................................................................35 SESAM Configuration Directives.................................................................................36 Directivas de Configuración de Sybase ........................................................................36 Directivas de Configuración de Sybase-CT ..................................................................37 Directivas de Configuración de Informix......................................................................37 Directivas de Configuración de Matemática BC...........................................................38 Directivas de Configuración de Capacidades de los Navegadores................................39 Directivas Unificadas de Configuración de ODBC.......................................................39 5. Seguridad......................................................................................................................................40 Binarios CGI...........................................................................................................................41 Posibles ataques ............................................................................................................41 Caso 1: solamente se sirven ficheros publicos ..............................................................42 v
  • 6. Caso 2: usando --enable-force-cgi-redirect...................................................................42 Caso 3: Usando doc_root or user_dir............................................................................42 Caso 4: Analizador PHP fuera del arbol web. ..............................................................43 Modulo Apache ......................................................................................................................43 II. Referencia del Lenguaje.....................................................................................................................44 6. Síntaxis básica..............................................................................................................................44 Saliendo de HTML .................................................................................................................45 Separación de instrucciones ...................................................................................................46 Comentarios............................................................................................................................47 7. Types ............................................................................................................................................48 Enteros....................................................................................................................................49 Números en punto flotante......................................................................................................49 Cadenas...................................................................................................................................49 Conversión de cadenas..................................................................................................51 Arrays .....................................................................................................................................52 Arrays unidimensionales...............................................................................................52 Arrays Multidimensionales...........................................................................................52 Objetos....................................................................................................................................54 Inicialización de Objetos...............................................................................................54 Type juggling..........................................................................................................................55 Forzado de tipos ............................................................................................................56 8. Variables.......................................................................................................................................58 Conceptos Básicos..................................................................................................................59 Variables predefinidas.............................................................................................................60 Variables de Apache......................................................................................................60 Variables de entorno......................................................................................................62 Variables de PHP...........................................................................................................62 Ambito de las variables ..........................................................................................................63 Variables variables..................................................................................................................65 Variables externas a PHP........................................................................................................66 Formularios HTML (GET y POST) .............................................................................66 IMAGE SUBMIT variable names.......................................................................67 Cookies HTTP ..............................................................................................................67 Variables de entorno......................................................................................................68 Puntos en los nombres de variables de entrada.............................................................68 Determinando los tipos de variables .............................................................................68 9. Constantes ....................................................................................................................................70 Sintaxis ...................................................................................................................................71 Constantes predefinidas ..........................................................................................................72 10. Expresiones ................................................................................................................................73 11. Operadores .................................................................................................................................77 Operadores Aritméticos..........................................................................................................78 Operadores de Asignación......................................................................................................78 Operadores Bit a bit................................................................................................................78 Operadores de Comparación ..................................................................................................79 Operador de ejecución............................................................................................................80 Operadores de Incremento/decremento ..................................................................................80 vi
  • 7. Operadores Lógicos................................................................................................................81 Precedencia de Operadores.....................................................................................................81 Operadores de Cadenas ..........................................................................................................82 12. Estructuras de Control................................................................................................................84 if ............................................................................................................................................85 else .......................................................................................................................................85 elseif ...................................................................................................................................86 Sintaxis Alternativa de Estructuras de Control.......................................................................86 while .....................................................................................................................................87 do..while .............................................................................................................................88 for ..........................................................................................................................................89 foreach .................................................................................................................................90 break .....................................................................................................................................92 continue ...............................................................................................................................93 switch ...................................................................................................................................93 require() ..................................................................................................................................96 include()..................................................................................................................................97 require_once().......................................................................................................................100 include_once() ......................................................................................................................102 13. Funciones .................................................................................................................................103 Funciones definidas por el usuario .......................................................................................104 Parámetros de las funciones .................................................................................................104 Pasar parámetros por referencia..................................................................................104 Parámetros por defecto ...............................................................................................105 Lista de longitud variable de parámetros ....................................................................106 Devolver valores ...................................................................................................................106 old_function ....................................................................................................................107 Funciones variable................................................................................................................107 14. Clases y Objetos.......................................................................................................................109 class ...................................................................................................................................110 15. References Explained...............................................................................................................113 What References Are..............................................................................................................?? What References Do...............................................................................................................?? What References Are Not.......................................................................................................?? Passing by Reference..............................................................................................................?? Returning References .............................................................................................................?? Unsetting References..............................................................................................................?? Spotting References................................................................................................................?? global References.......................................................................................................?? $this ............................................................................................................................?? III. Características...................................................................................................................................?? 16. Autentificación HTTP con PHP .................................................................................................?? 17. Cookies.......................................................................................................................................?? 18. Manejo de envío de ficheros.......................................................................................................?? Envío de archivos con el método POST .................................................................................?? Errores comunes .....................................................................................................................?? Envío de multiples ficheros ....................................................................................................?? vii
  • 8. Soporte del método PUT ........................................................................................................?? 19. Usando archivos remotos ...........................................................................................................?? 20. Manejando conexiones...............................................................................................................?? 21. Conexiones persistentes a bases de datos...................................................................................?? 22. Modo Seguro (Safe Mode).........................................................................................................?? Funciones restringidas/inhabilitadas por Modo Seguro .........................................................?? 23. Using PHP from the command line ...........................................................................................?? IV. Referencia de las Funciones .............................................................................................................?? I. Funciones específicas de Apache..................................................................................................?? apache_child_terminate..........................................................................................................?? apache_lookup_uri .................................................................................................................?? apache_note ............................................................................................................................?? apache_request_headers .........................................................................................................?? apache_response_headers.......................................................................................................?? apache_setenv .........................................................................................................................?? ascii2ebcdic ............................................................................................................................?? ebcdic2ascii ............................................................................................................................?? getallheaders ...........................................................................................................................?? virtual......................................................................................................................................?? II. Funciones de matrices .................................................................................................................?? array_change_key_case ..........................................................................................................?? array_chunk ............................................................................................................................?? array_count_values.................................................................................................................?? array_diff ................................................................................................................................?? array_fill .................................................................................................................................?? array_filter ..............................................................................................................................?? array_flip.................................................................................................................................?? array_intersect ........................................................................................................................?? array_key_exists .....................................................................................................................?? array_keys...............................................................................................................................?? array_map ...............................................................................................................................?? array_merge_recursive ...........................................................................................................?? array_merge ............................................................................................................................?? array_multisort .......................................................................................................................?? array_pad ................................................................................................................................?? array_pop................................................................................................................................?? array_push ..............................................................................................................................?? array_rand...............................................................................................................................?? array_reduce ...........................................................................................................................?? array_reverse ..........................................................................................................................?? array_search............................................................................................................................?? array_shift...............................................................................................................................?? array_slice...............................................................................................................................?? array_splice.............................................................................................................................?? array_sum ...............................................................................................................................?? array_unique ...........................................................................................................................?? array_unshift...........................................................................................................................?? viii
  • 9. array_values............................................................................................................................?? array_walk ..............................................................................................................................?? array........................................................................................................................................?? arsort .......................................................................................................................................?? asort ........................................................................................................................................?? compact...................................................................................................................................?? count .......................................................................................................................................?? current.....................................................................................................................................?? each.........................................................................................................................................?? end ..........................................................................................................................................?? extract .....................................................................................................................................?? in_array...................................................................................................................................?? key ..........................................................................................................................................?? krsort.......................................................................................................................................?? ksort ........................................................................................................................................?? list ...........................................................................................................................................?? natcasesort ..............................................................................................................................?? natsort .....................................................................................................................................?? next .........................................................................................................................................?? pos...........................................................................................................................................?? prev .........................................................................................................................................?? rango .......................................................................................................................................?? reset.........................................................................................................................................?? rsort.........................................................................................................................................?? shuffle .....................................................................................................................................?? sizeof.......................................................................................................................................?? sort ..........................................................................................................................................?? uasort ......................................................................................................................................?? uksort ......................................................................................................................................?? usort ........................................................................................................................................?? III. Funciones Aspell [deprecated]...................................................................................................?? aspell_check-raw ....................................................................................................................?? aspell_check ...........................................................................................................................?? aspell_new ..............................................................................................................................?? aspell_suggest.........................................................................................................................?? IV. Funciones matemáticas de precisión arbitraria BCMath ...........................................................?? bcadd.......................................................................................................................................?? bccomp ...................................................................................................................................?? bcdiv .......................................................................................................................................?? bcmod .....................................................................................................................................?? bcmul ......................................................................................................................................?? bcpow......................................................................................................................................?? bcscale ....................................................................................................................................?? bcsqrt ......................................................................................................................................?? bcsub.......................................................................................................................................?? V. Funciones de compresión Bzip2 .................................................................................................?? bzclose ....................................................................................................................................?? bzcompress .............................................................................................................................?? ix
  • 10. bzdecompress .........................................................................................................................?? bzerrno....................................................................................................................................?? bzerror.....................................................................................................................................?? bzerrstr....................................................................................................................................?? bzflush.....................................................................................................................................?? bzopen.....................................................................................................................................?? bzread .....................................................................................................................................?? bzwrite ....................................................................................................................................?? VI. Funciones de calendario.............................................................................................................?? cal_days_in_month.................................................................................................................?? cal_from_jd.............................................................................................................................?? cal_info ...................................................................................................................................?? cal_to_jd .................................................................................................................................?? easter_date ..............................................................................................................................?? easter_days .............................................................................................................................?? FrenchToJD ............................................................................................................................?? GregorianToJD .......................................................................................................................?? JDDayOfWeek........................................................................................................................?? JDMonthName .......................................................................................................................?? JDToFrench ............................................................................................................................?? JDToGregorian .......................................................................................................................?? JDToJewish.............................................................................................................................?? JDToJulian ..............................................................................................................................?? jdtounix...................................................................................................................................?? JewishToJD.............................................................................................................................?? JulianToJD ..............................................................................................................................?? unixtojd...................................................................................................................................?? VII. Funciones del API de CCVS ....................................................................................................?? ccvs_add .................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_auth ................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_command .......................................................................................................................?? ccvs_count ..............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_delete .............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_done ...............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_init..................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_lookup............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_new ................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_report .............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_return .............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_reverse............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_sale.................................................................................................................................?? ccvs_status..............................................................................................................................?? ccvs_textvalue ........................................................................................................................?? ccvs_void ................................................................................................................................?? VIII. soporte de las funciones COM para Windows ........................................................................?? COM .......................................................................................................................................?? VARIANT...............................................................................................................................?? com_addref .............................................................................................................................?? x
  • 11. com_get ..................................................................................................................................?? com_invoke.............................................................................................................................?? com_isenum............................................................................................................................?? com_load_typelib ...................................................................................................................?? com_load ................................................................................................................................?? com_propget ...........................................................................................................................?? com_propput...........................................................................................................................?? com_propset ...........................................................................................................................?? com_release ............................................................................................................................?? com_set...................................................................................................................................?? IX. Funciones de Clases/Objectos ...................................................................................................?? call_user_method_array .........................................................................................................?? call_user_method....................................................................................................................?? class_exists .............................................................................................................................?? get_class_methods..................................................................................................................?? get_class_vars.........................................................................................................................?? get_class .................................................................................................................................?? get_declared_classes...............................................................................................................?? get_object_vars.......................................................................................................................?? get_parent_class .....................................................................................................................?? is_a..........................................................................................................................................?? is_subclass_of.........................................................................................................................?? method_exists .........................................................................................................................?? X. Funciones de ClibPDF ................................................................................................................?? cpdf_add_annotation ..............................................................................................................?? cpdf_add_outline ....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_arc ..................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_begin_text ......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_circle ..............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_clip .................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_close...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke......................................................................................................?? cpdf_closepath_stroke ............................................................................................................?? cpdf_closepath........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_continue_text .................................................................................................................?? cpdf_curveto ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_end_text .........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_fill_stroke.......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_fill...................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_finalize_page..................................................................................................................?? cpdf_finalize ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_global_set_document_limits..........................................................................................?? cpdf_import_jpeg ...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_lineto..............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_moveto ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_newpath..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_open ...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_output_buffer .................................................................................................................?? xi
  • 12. cpdf_page_init ........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_place_inline_image........................................................................................................?? cpdf_rect .................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_restore ............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rlineto.............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rmoveto..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rotate_text ......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_rotate..............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_save_to_file....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_save ................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_scale ...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_action_url ................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_char_spacing ...........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_creator .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_current_page............................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_font_directories .......................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_font_map_file ..........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_font ..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_horiz_scaling ...........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_keywords .................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_leading.....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_page_animation .......................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_subject .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_matrix ..............................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_pos ...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_rendering .........................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_text_rise...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_title ..........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_viewer_preferences .................................................................................................?? cpdf_set_word_spacing ..........................................................................................................?? cpdf_setdash ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setflat .............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setgray_fill .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setgray_stroke................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setgray ...........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setlinecap .......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setlinejoin ......................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setlinewidth....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setmiterlimit...................................................................................................................?? cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill...............................................................................................................?? cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke .........................................................................................................?? cpdf_setrgbcolor .....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_show_xy.........................................................................................................................?? cpdf_show...............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_stringwidth.....................................................................................................................?? cpdf_stroke .............................................................................................................................?? cpdf_text .................................................................................................................................?? cpdf_translate .........................................................................................................................?? xii
  • 13. XI. Crack functions ..........................................................................................................................?? crack_check ............................................................................................................................?? crack_closedict .......................................................................................................................?? crack_getlastmessage .............................................................................................................?? crack_opendict........................................................................................................................?? XII. CURL, Client URL Library Functions .....................................................................................?? curl_close................................................................................................................................?? curl_errno ...............................................................................................................................?? curl_error ................................................................................................................................?? curl_exec.................................................................................................................................?? curl_getinfo.............................................................................................................................?? curl_init...................................................................................................................................?? curl_setopt ..............................................................................................................................?? curl_version ............................................................................................................................?? XIII. Funciones de pago electrónico ................................................................................................?? cybercash_base64_decode......................................................................................................?? cybercash_base64_encode......................................................................................................?? cybercash_decr .......................................................................................................................?? cybercash_encr .......................................................................................................................?? XIV. Crédit Mutuel CyberMUT functions ......................................................................................?? cybermut_creerformulairecm .................................................................................................?? cybermut_creerreponsecm......................................................................................................?? cybermut_testmac...................................................................................................................?? XV. Cyrus IMAP administration functions .....................................................................................?? cyrus_authenticate ..................................................................................................................?? cyrus_bind ..............................................................................................................................?? cyrus_close .............................................................................................................................?? cyrus_connect .........................................................................................................................?? cyrus_query ............................................................................................................................?? cyrus_unbind ..........................................................................................................................?? XVI. Character type functions .........................................................................................................?? ctype_alnum ...........................................................................................................................?? ctype_alpha.............................................................................................................................?? ctype_cntrl ..............................................................................................................................?? ctype_digit ..............................................................................................................................?? ctype_graph ............................................................................................................................?? ctype_lower ............................................................................................................................?? ctype_print..............................................................................................................................?? ctype_punct.............................................................................................................................?? ctype_space.............................................................................................................................?? ctype_upper ............................................................................................................................?? ctype_xdigit ............................................................................................................................?? XVII. Funciones de la capa de abstraccion de bases de datos (dbm-style)......................................?? dba_close ................................................................................................................................?? dba_delete...............................................................................................................................?? dba_exists ...............................................................................................................................?? dba_fetch ................................................................................................................................?? dba_firstkey ............................................................................................................................?? xiii
  • 14. dba_insert ...............................................................................................................................?? dba_nextkey............................................................................................................................?? dba_open.................................................................................................................................?? dba_optimize ..........................................................................................................................?? dba_popen...............................................................................................................................?? dba_replace.............................................................................................................................?? dba_sync .................................................................................................................................?? XVIII. Funciones de fecha y hora ....................................................................................................?? checkdate ................................................................................................................................?? date .........................................................................................................................................?? getdate.....................................................................................................................................?? gettimeofday ...........................................................................................................................?? gmdate ....................................................................................................................................?? gmmktime...............................................................................................................................?? gmstrftime...............................................................................................................................?? localtime .................................................................................................................................?? microtime................................................................................................................................?? mktime....................................................................................................................................?? strftime....................................................................................................................................?? strtotime..................................................................................................................................?? time .........................................................................................................................................?? XIX. Funciones para dBase .............................................................................................................?? dbase_add_record ...................................................................................................................?? dbase_close.............................................................................................................................?? dbase_create ...........................................................................................................................?? dbase_delete_record ...............................................................................................................?? dbase_get_record_with_names...............................................................................................?? dbase_get_record....................................................................................................................?? dbase_numfields .....................................................................................................................?? dbase_numrecords ..................................................................................................................?? dbase_open .............................................................................................................................?? dbase_pack .............................................................................................................................?? dbase_replace_record .............................................................................................................?? XX. Funciones dbm .........................................................................................................................?? dblist .......................................................................................................................................?? dbmclose.................................................................................................................................?? dbmdelete ...............................................................................................................................?? dbmexists ................................................................................................................................?? dbmfetch .................................................................................................................................?? dbmfirstkey .............................................................................................................................?? dbminsert ................................................................................................................................?? dbmnextkey ............................................................................................................................?? dbmopen .................................................................................................................................?? dbmreplace .............................................................................................................................?? XXI. dbx functions...........................................................................................................................?? dbx_close................................................................................................................................?? dbx_compare ..........................................................................................................................?? dbx_connect............................................................................................................................?? xiv
  • 15. dbx_error ................................................................................................................................?? dbx_escape_string ..................................................................................................................?? dbx_query ...............................................................................................................................?? dbx_sort ..................................................................................................................................?? XXII. DB++ Functions ....................................................................................................................?? dbplus_add..............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_aql...............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_chdir ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_close ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_curr .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_errcode .......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_errno ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_find .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_first .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_flush............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_freealllocks.................................................................................................................?? dbplus_freelock ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_freerlocks ...................................................................................................................?? dbplus_getlock........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_getunique....................................................................................................................?? dbplus_info .............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_last..............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_lockrel ........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_next.............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_open............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_prev ............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rchperm ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rcreate.........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rcrtexact......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rcrtlike ........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_resolve ........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_restorepos ...................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rkeys...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_ropen ..........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rquery .........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rrename ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rsecindex ....................................................................................................................?? dbplus_runlink........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_rzap.............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_savepos .......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_setindex ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_setindexbynumber ......................................................................................................?? dbplus_sql...............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_tcl ...............................................................................................................................?? dbplus_tremove ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_undo ...........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_undoprepare ...............................................................................................................?? dbplus_unlockrel ....................................................................................................................?? xv
  • 16. dbplus_unselect ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_update.........................................................................................................................?? dbplus_xlockrel ......................................................................................................................?? dbplus_xunlockrel ..................................................................................................................?? XXIII. Direct IO functions...............................................................................................................?? dio_close.................................................................................................................................?? dio_fcntl..................................................................................................................................?? dio_open .................................................................................................................................?? dio_read ..................................................................................................................................?? dio_seek..................................................................................................................................?? dio_stat ...................................................................................................................................?? dio_tcsetattr ............................................................................................................................?? dio_truncate ............................................................................................................................?? dio_write.................................................................................................................................?? XXIV. Funciones con directorios ....................................................................................................?? chdir........................................................................................................................................?? chroot......................................................................................................................................?? dir............................................................................................................................................?? closedir ...................................................................................................................................?? getcwd.....................................................................................................................................?? opendir....................................................................................................................................?? readdir.....................................................................................................................................?? rewinddir.................................................................................................................................?? XXV. Funciones de DOM XML......................................................................................................?? DomAttribute->name .............................................................................................................?? DomAttribute->specified ........................................................................................................?? DomAttribute->value..............................................................................................................?? DomDocument->add_root [deprecated].................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_attribute ...........................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_cdata_section...................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_comment .........................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_element_ns ......................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_element............................................................................................?? DomDocument->create_entity_reference ..............................................................................?? DomDocument->create_processing_instruction ....................................................................?? DomDocument->create_text_node.........................................................................................?? DomDocument->doctype .......................................................................................................?? DomDocument->document_element .....................................................................................?? DomDocument->dump_file....................................................................................................?? DomDocument->dump_mem.................................................................................................?? DomDocument->get_element_by_id .....................................................................................?? DomDocument->get_elements_by_tagname .........................................................................?? DomDocument->html_dump_mem .......................................................................................?? DomDocument->xinclude ......................................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->entities ................................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->internal_subset....................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->name ...................................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->notations .............................................................................................?? xvi
  • 17. DomDocumentType->public_id.............................................................................................?? DomDocumentType->system_id............................................................................................?? DomElement->get_attribute_node .........................................................................................?? DomElement->get_attribute ...................................................................................................?? DomElement->get_elements_by_tagname.............................................................................?? DomElement->has_attribute...................................................................................................?? DomElement->remove_attribute ............................................................................................?? DomElement->set_attribute ...................................................................................................?? DomElement->tagname..........................................................................................................?? DomNode->add_namespace...................................................................................................?? DomNode->append_child ......................................................................................................?? DomNode->append_sibling ...................................................................................................?? DomNode->attributes .............................................................................................................?? DomNode->child_nodes.........................................................................................................?? DomNode->clone_node .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->dump_node .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->first_child............................................................................................................?? DomNode->get_content .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->has_attributess ....................................................................................................?? DomNode->has_child_nodes .................................................................................................?? DomNode->insert_before.......................................................................................................?? DomNode->is_blank_node.....................................................................................................?? DomNode->last_child ............................................................................................................?? DomNode->next_sibling ........................................................................................................?? DomNode->node_name .........................................................................................................?? DomNode->node_type ...........................................................................................................?? DomNode->node_value..........................................................................................................?? DomNode->owner_document ................................................................................................?? DomNode->parent_node ........................................................................................................?? DomNode->prefix...................................................................................................................?? DomNode->previous_sibling .................................................................................................?? DomNode->remove_child ......................................................................................................?? DomNode->replace_child ......................................................................................................?? DomNode->replace_node.......................................................................................................?? DomNode->set_content..........................................................................................................?? DomNode->set_name.............................................................................................................?? DomNode->set_namespace....................................................................................................?? DomNode->unlink_node........................................................................................................?? DomProcessingInstruction->data ...........................................................................................?? DomProcessingInstruction->target.........................................................................................?? DomXsltStylesheet->process .................................................................................................?? domxml_new_doc ..................................................................................................................?? domxml_open_file..................................................................................................................?? domxml_open_mem ...............................................................................................................?? domxml_version .....................................................................................................................?? domxml_xmltree.....................................................................................................................?? domxml_xslt_stylesheet_doc .................................................................................................?? domxml_xslt_stylesheet_file ..................................................................................................?? xvii