1. Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

2.  Main characteristics
 Extreme diversity  Menacles
 Schools
 Authors  Majority  Circles
 Movements
 Minority
“Literature for the masses”
“Small and clannish Somerset Maugham – Graham Green
group” George Orwell
T. S. Elliot
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

3.  Main characteristics
Tendencies
Realistic-Naturalistic Neo- Romantic
 Begun in 19th century Interests in the exotic
 Concerned with the affairs of the and unusual
classes Fantastic, heroic and
 Faith in science and liberalism superhuman characters
 Charles Dickens James Joyce
 Thackery Virginia Woolf
Now let’s consider a few aspects about the
two tendencies…

4.  Main characteristics: Tendencies
Realistic-Naturalistic
Realism
 Psychological novel
 Hero’s inner conflicts and motivations examined for the
reader
 Hero thinks about his own actions and emotions

5.  Main characteristics: Tendencies
Realistic-Naturalistic
Naturalistic
 Literature of revolt
 Personification of various social classes
 Human life controlled by fates of heredity and enviroment
 Concerned with less elegant aspects of life ( alcohol,
desease, brutality)
 Influenced by: Darwin (Theory of evolution) – Marx
(Socialist radical movement) - Freud (Subconscious life)

6.  Main characteristics: Tendencies
Neo- Romantic movement
 Impresionism and Stream of consciousnes
 Concerned about how the brain reacts to external
stimulations
 Internal monologue
 The true existence of the individual lies in his mental
process
 Mental life is intuitive and associative rather than logical

7.  Main characteristics: Tendencies
Neo- Romantic movement
 Intellectual and ideological literature
 The return of tradition and faith
 Revival of mysticism and religious idealism
 Salvation of humanity is contingent upon its abandonment of
materialism for some spiritual need
Important writers: Graham Greene ( I spy) William Golding (
The Lord of the flies)

8.  Main characteristics: Tendencies
Neo- Romantic movement
 Liberals and Humanitarians
 Influenced by Marxist ideology
 Period between the wars (I and II)
 Authors against capitalistic State
 Demand for greater rights and privileges for the common
man
Important writers: G. B. Shaw (Pygmalion)- George Orwell
(Animal Farm)

9.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness
 Stream of Consciousness is a literary technique which was
pioneered by Dorthy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and James
Joyce. Stream of consciousness is characterized by a flow of
thoughts and images, which may not always appear to have a
coherent structure or cohesion. The plot line may weave in and
out of time and place, carrying the reader through the life
span of a character or further along a timeline to incorporate
the lives (and thoughts) of characters from other time
periods. Writers who create stream-of-consciousness works
of literature focus on the emotional and psychological
processes that are taking place in the minds of one or more
characters. Important character traits are revealed through
an exploration of what is going on in the mind. Also Known As:
Interior Monologue.

10.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness
 The term was coined by William James
 Consciousness flows like a stream
 The flux of thought is continuosly changing
 Mental processes involved
Different levels of consciousness: (focus on the pre-speech
level)

11.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness
Speech level
Involves communication
Pre-speech
level
Not censored
Not rationally controlled
Not logically ordered
Oblivion

12.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)
Individual’s
psychic life
The character’s
mind
Where the mind
wished to go

13.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)
The range of
memories
Lack of
punctuation
Symbolism
Interior
monologue

14.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)

15.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)
 The author is absent
 Consciousness is presented to the reader with
negligible author interference
 The character is not speaking to anyone within the
fictional scene, not even to the reader

16.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)
 The author intervenes between the character’s mind
and the reader
 An omniscient narrator presents unspoken material
as if it were the character’s thoughts

17.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)
 An omniscient author describes the psychic content
and processes of the character
 The unusual thing is the object of description:
consciousness

18.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (in fiction)
 Similar to interior monologue, but it is coherent
 The purpose is to communicate emotions and ideas
to the reader

19.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (important considerations)
 Moves freely in time
 Has the ability of synthesis
 Absorves interferences from outside and psses
them on to the levels of consciousness

20.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (important considerations)
 Free association
 The memory
 The senses
 The imagination

21.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (important considerations)
 Cinematic devices (to express movement and coexistence)
 Montage
To show interrelation and association of ideas
Succession or superimposition of images
 Slow-up –Fade out-Close up: to describe subjective details
Mechanical devices

22.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (important considerations)
The space remains
 Time remains fixed
fixed in time
 Camera eye,
 Superimposition of
multiple view
images
 Occurrence of
 Present, past and
plural images at one
future are intertwined
point of time
 FLASHBACKS

23.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (important considerations)
 Parenthesis
 No punctuation at all (Ulysses J. Joyce)
 Italics

24.  What is Stream of Consciousness?
 Stream of Consciousness (important authors)
Use Stream of Consciousness…
For processes of inner to get an insight into the
man’s mind to be satirized
realization
to show the incongruity of
For cosmic his aspirations and
identification achievements

25.  Stream of Consciousness (important authors)
“MRS. DALLOWAY” (1925)
MRS. DALLOWAY said she would buy the flowers herself.
For Lucy had her work cut out for her. The doors would be taken off their hinges;
Rumpelmayer's men were coming. And then, thought Clarissa Dalloway, what a
morning-fresh as if issued to children on a beach.
What a lark! What a plunge! For so it had always seemed to her, when, with a little
squeak of the hinges, which she could hear now, she had burst open the French
windows and plunged at Bourton into the open air. How fresh, how calm, stiller
than this of course, the air was in the early morning; like the flap of a wave; the
kiss of a wave; chill and sharp and yet (for a girl of eighteen as she then was)
solemn, feeling as she did, standing there at the open window, that something
awful was about to happen; looking at the flowers, at the trees with the smoke
winding off them and the rooks rising, falling; standing and looking until Peter
Walsh said, "Musing among the vegetables?"-was that it?-"I prefer men to
cauliflowers"-was that it? He must have said it at breakfast one morning when she
had gone out on to the terrace-Peter Walsh. He would be back from India one o£
these days, June or July, she forgot which, for his letters were awfully dull; it was
his sayings one remembered; his eyes, his pocket-knife, his smile, his
grumpiness and, when millions of things had utterly vanished-how strange it
was!-a few sayings like this about cabbages.

26.  Stream of Consciousness (important authors)
“Ulisses” (1922)
On the doorstep he felt in his hip pocket for the latchkey. Not there. In the trousers I left off.
Must get it. Potato I have. Creaky wardrobe. No use disturbing her. She turned over sleepily
that time. He pulled the halldoor to after him very quietly, more, till the footleaf dropped
gently over the threshold, a limp lid. Looked shut. All right till I come back anyhow.
He crossed to the bright side, avoiding the loose cellarflap of number seventyfive. The sun
was nearing the steeple of George's church. Be a warm day I fancy. Specially in these black
clothes feel it more. Black conducts, reflects (refracts is it?), the heat. But I couldn't go in
that light suit. Make a picnic of it. His eyelids sank quietly often as he walked in happy
warmth. Boland's breadvan delivering with trays our daily but she prefers yesterday's loaves
turnovers crisp crowns hot. Makes you feel young. Somewhere in the east: early morning:
set off at dawn, travel round in front of the sun, steal a day's march on him. Keep it up for
ever never grow a day older technically. Walk along a strand, strange land, come to a city
gate, sentry there, old ranker too, old Tweedy's big moustaches leaning on a long kind of a
spear. Wander through awned streets. Turbaned faces going by. Dark caves of carpet shops,
big man, Turko the terrible, seated crosslegged smoking a coiled pipe. Cries of sellers in the
streets. Drink water scented with fennel, sherbet. Wander along all day. Might meet a robber
or two. Well, meet him. Getting on to sundown. The shadows of the mosques along the
pillars: priest with a scroll rolled up. A shiver of the trees, signal, the evening wind. I pass
on. Fading gold sky. A mother watches from her doorway. She calls her children home in
their dark language. High wall: beyond strings twanged. Night sky moon, violet, colour of
Molly's new garters. Strings. Listen. A girl playing one of these instruments what do you call
them: dulcimers. I pass

27. Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

28.  How to analyse fiction
1
Physical or chronological events
 It exists before the story is written
 One or two sentences
 Concrete nouns and dramatic symbols
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

29.  How to analyse fiction
2
Connected to subject matter
 Chronological sequence of events
 It follows a line
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

30.  How to analyse fiction
3
The meaning of the story
 Not the moral
 There might be different themes within a story
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

31.  How to analyse fiction
4
 Connected to theme
 Parallel sequence of changes
 There is always a conflict: moral or physical
 Stages: Beginning, middle and end
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

32.  How to analyse fiction
5
 Flat: Simple we know very little
 Round: Complex, to many details
 Static: they don’t change
 Developing: They change/ self realization
 Protagonist: central character in the story
 Antagonist: conflicting character
 Foil: opposite to the protagonist
 Confidant: The protag. Tells him his secrects
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

33.  How to analyse fiction
6  The element which reveals
where and when
 Neutral: No interest
 Dynamic: assumes the role of
a major character
 Place and influence, social classes, time and
religion
 Atmosphere and symbols
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

34.  How to analyse fiction
7  The attitude towards the
subject matter
 Discrepancy
 Stated or sugested
 Exageration
 Purpose: For rhetorical effect
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

35.  How to analyse fiction
7 The voice who tells
the story
Limited: 1st person (inside)
3rd person (outside)
 Omniscient: knows
everything, can be everywhere
 Protagonist narrator: we only
see what he sees
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

36.  How to analyse fiction
8 The author’s way of using
language
Literary tendency
 Diction: Choice of words
 Imagery: Collection of images
 Syntax: lengh of sentences, simple or
complex
Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08

37. Power point presentation by Guillermo Torres 08