This was made along with a simple research paper in my Network + course. I don't have any negative intention in uploading of this. I only hope it could help in any ways

1. Willa Reyes

2. IEEE is the leading organization defining
most of the LAN protocols
 Local Area Network (LAN) is a data
communications network connecting
terminals, computers and printers within a
building or other geographically limited
areas
 Ethernet, Token Ring and Wireless LAN using
IEEE 802.11 Standard
 Ethernet is by far the most commonly used
LAN technology


3. Fiber-Optic made of silicon glass cylinders
or strands. Most secure media, fast,
expensive, transmits at 100Mbps
 Coaxial Cable comes in two versions:
Thinnet & Thicknet. Transmits at 10 Mbps
 Twisted Pair Two versions: 1.Shielded Twisted
Pair commonly used in Token Ring networks
and Unshielded Twisted Pair being use in
Ethernet networks where it is referred to as
"10baseT." Transmits vary b/w 10-00 Mb


4. Ethernet is a type of network cabling and
signaling specifications developed back in
the days and uses a communication concept
called datagrams to get messages across the
network. The Ethernet datagrams take the
form of self-contained packets of information.
These packages have fields containing
information about the data, their origin, their
destination and the type of data.

5. 




1970's - Ethernet specification began by
Xerox PARC
1980’s – Launched Ethernet Version 1 and
improved upon by Digital Equipment
Corporation, Intel, and Xerox (DIX)
1982 - Ethernet Version 2
1983 – Novell adapted IEEE 802.3
1985 - IEEE 802.3 was born over the use of
thick and thin coax

6. 




1990 - Ethernet was upgraded over twisted
pair copper wiring with 10Base-T
2000 – Apple's was the first to use 1000BASET connection
2002 - 10 Gigabit Ethernet fiber-based
became standard
2006 - Twisted Pair standard
2009 - 10Gb Ethernet replaced1Gb as the
backbone network

7. 10Base-T
o
o
o
o
o
IEEE 802.3 Standard
10 stands for 10 Mbps
Base refer to baseband signaling
T for twisted-pair, or F for fiber-optic
Cable length 100m
Baseband is the type of communication used by Ethernet and it means
that when a computer is transmitting, it uses ALL the available
bandwidth
Broadband(Cable Modems) shares the bandwidth available. (This is the
reason cable modem users notice a slowdown in speed when they are
connected on a busy node)

8. 100Base T Fast Ethernet
IEEE 802.3u Standard
Can either be UTP or fiber optic cable
All 100mb rated cables use CAT5 except
the 100Base-FX
o Speed rate of 100 Mbps
o Cable length 100m
o
o
o
Category 5 cable is a twisted pair network cable also use to carry other
signals such as telephony and video.

9. 100Base TX
100BaseT version
IEEE 802.3u Standard
o A 2 pairs of high-quality twisted pair wires.
Pin type similar to telephone wire or RJ-45
o Cable length100 meters max., minimum
length between nodes is 2.5 meters
o

10. 100Base FX
o
o
o
o
100BaseT version
IEEE 802.3u Standard
FX means a 2-strand fiber optic cable only
Uses multimode optical fiber cable
Maximum length is usually up to 2 kms
Multimode fiber optic cable has a large diametric core that allows multiple
modes of light to propagate the number of light reflections core increases
the more data pass through at a given time, the quality of the signal is
reduced over long distances

11. 1000Base X Gigabit Ethernet
o
o
o
IEEE 802.3z Standard
It came into use beginning in 1999, gradually
replace Fast Ethernet in wired local networks,
where it performed considerably faster
The cables and equipment are very similar to
previous standards and have been very common
and economical since 2010
GbE or 1GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet
frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000 bits per second)

12. Name
Medium
Specified distance
1000BASE-CX
Shielded balanced
copper cable
25 meters
1000BASE-KX
Copper backplane
1 meter
1000BASE-SX
Multi-mode fiber
220 to 550 meters
dependent on fiber
diameter and bandwidth
1000BASE-LX
Multi-mode fiber
550 meters
1000BASE-LX
Single-mode fiber
5 km
1000BASE-LX10
Single-mode fiber using
1,310 nm wavelength
10 km
1000BASE-EX
Single-mode fiber at
1,310 nm wavelength
40 km
1000BASE-ZX
Single-mode fiber at
1,550 nm wavelength
70 km
1000BASE-BX10
Single-mode fiber, over
single-strand fiber: 1,490
nm downstream 1,310 nm
upstream
10 km
1000BASE-T
Twisted-pair cabling
(Cat-5, Cat-5e, Cat-6, or
Cat-7)
100 meters
1000BASE-TX
Upgrade of 1000BASE-T
Twisted-pair cabling
(Cat-6, Cat-7)
created and promoted
by Telecommunications
Industry Association
100 meters

13. CSMA/CD CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS /
COLLISION DETECTION
Is phenomena that when two or more devices send data or start
transmitting on a single segment simultaneously a collision will happen.
o
Carrier. Signal on a channel
o Carrier Sense. Waiting period to transmit
o
Multiple Access. Ethernet interfaces are equal in their ability to send
frames onto the network
o
Collision Detection. Identifying two or more objects' intersection
points and impact time to prevent collision
The CSMA/CD protocol is designed to provide fair access to the shared channel
so that all stations get a chance to use the network. After every packet
transmission, all stations use the CSMA/CD protocol to determine which station
gets to use the Ethernet channel next.

14. CSMA/CA
CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS /
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
Primary objective is to eliminate and minimize any potential
collisions. It is a protocol for carrier transmission in Ethernet and acts
to prevent collisions before they happen
o
o
o
o
As soon as a node receives a packet that is to be sent, it checks to be sure the
channel is clear that no other node is transmitting at the time
If the channel is clear, then the packet is sent. If the channel is not clear, the node
waits for a randomly chosen period of time, and then checks again to see if the
channel is clear
This period of time is called the backoff factor, and is counted down by a backoff
counter. If the channel is clear when the backoff counter reaches zero, the node
transmits the packet
If the channel is not clear when the backoff counter reaches zero, the backoff
factor is set again, and the process is repeated

15. BROADCAST
o
o
When a computer sends data across a network by
sending the data frame containing the data to all
computers directly connected to it on a local
network
Ethernet is a broadcast-based network technology.
As such it is a transmission that involves one
transmitter and multiple receivers.

16. COLLISION
o
It happens when more than one station transmit on
the Ethernet channel at the same moment then
the signals are most likely to collide.
As more computers are added to a given network, the traffic level
increases, more collisions will occur as part of the normal operation of
an Ethernet meaning to say collisions are expected events.
BONDING
o
o
Is the process of combining more than one bearer
channel of an ISDN line to increase throughput.
Using two or more NICs, channels, or connections
to push data through instead of just one

17. SPEED
The measure of how much data can move through the
network in a given amount of time.
o Speed can be measured in kilobits per second (kbps),
megabits per second (mbps), gigabits per second (gbps),
or terabits per second (tbps)
o
DISTANCE
o
The extent or amount of space between two things, point,
lines,the length of a line, especially the shortest line joining
two points or things that are separate. Regarding the
medium device, distance refers to how far a data signal
can travel before it needs to be rebuilt, such as by a
switch.

18. ?

19. THANK YOU!